Ni ubuhe buryo bukoreshwa mu buhinzi?

Gushyira mu bikorwa ifumbire mvaruganda

Kurinda ifumbire mvaruganda: Hamwe n’iterambere ry’inganda z’ifumbire, kongera ifumbire mvaruganda, ndetse no kurushaho gukangurira ibidukikije, sosiyete yashyizeho ibisabwa cyane mu gutunganya ifumbire no gukora ibicuruzwa. Porogaramu yasurfactantsirashobora kuzamura ubwiza bwifumbire. Gufata imigati bimaze igihe kitoroshye ku nganda zifumbire, cyane cyane kuri ammonium bicarbonate, sulfate ya amonium, nitrati ya amonium, fosifate ya amonium, urea, n’ifumbire mvaruganda. Kugira ngo wirinde guteka, usibye ingamba zo kwirinda mu gihe cyo gukora, gupakira, no kubika, imiti ishobora kwongerwaho ifumbire.

Urea ikunda guteka mugihe cyo gutwara no kubika, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kubigurisha no gukoreshwa. Iyi phenomenon ibaho bitewe na rerystallisation hejuru ya urea granules. Ubushuhe buri muri granules bwimukira hejuru (cyangwa bukurura ubuhehere bwo mu kirere), bugakora amazi yoroheje. Iyo ubushyuhe buhindagurika, ubuhehere bugenda bugabanuka, bigatuma igisubizo cyuzuye hejuru yubutaka koroha kandi biganisha kuri keke.

Mu Bushinwa, ifumbire ya azote ibaho cyane cyane mu buryo butatu: azote ya amonium, azote ya nitrate, na azote amide. Ifumbire ya Nitro ni ifumbire mvaruganda yuzuye ifumbire irimo ammonium na azote ya nitrate. Bitandukanye na urea, azote ya azote mu ifumbire ya nitro irashobora kwinjizwa mu buryo butaziguye n’ibihingwa nta guhinduranya kabiri, bikavamo gukora neza. Ifumbire mvaruganda ya Nitro ibereye mubihingwa ngengabukungu nk'itabi, ibigori, melon, imbuto, imboga, n'ibiti by'imbuto, bikora neza kurusha urea mu butaka bwa alkaline no mu turere twa karst. Nyamara, kubera ko ifumbire mvaruganda ya nitro igizwe ahanini na nitrati ya amonium, ikaba ari hygroscopique cyane kandi ikagira impinduka ya kristu ihindagurika hamwe nubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, bakunda guteka.

Gukoresha Surfactants mugukosora ubutaka bwanduye

Hamwe n’iterambere ry’inganda nka peteroli, imiti, na plastiki, imyanda ihumanya ya hydrophobique itandukanye (urugero, hydrocarbone ya peteroli, ibinyabuzima bya halogene, hydrocarbone ya aromatic hydrocarbone, imiti yica udukoko) hamwe na ion ziremereye zinjira mu butaka binyuze mu kumeneka, kumeneka, gusohora inganda, no guta imyanda, bitera umwanda ukabije. Hydrophobique yangiza imyanda ihumanya byoroshye nubutaka kama, bigabanya bioavailable kandi bikabuza gukoresha ubutaka.

Surfactants, kuba molekile ya amphiphilic, yerekana isano ikomeye yamavuta, hydrocarbone ya aromatiya, hamwe n’ibinyabuzima bya halogene, bigatuma bigira ingaruka nziza mu gutunganya ubutaka.

Ikoreshwa rya Surfactants mukubungabunga amazi yubuhinzi

Amapfa nikibazo cyisi yose, hamwe nigihombo cyumusaruro wibihingwa kubera amapfa ahwanye nigihombo gihuriweho nizindi mpanuka zubumenyi bwikirere. Inzira yo guhagarika imyuka ikubiyemo kongeramo ibintu muri sisitemu isaba kugumana ubushuhe (urugero, amazi yubuhinzi, hejuru y’ibimera), gukora firime ya monomolecular idashobora gushonga hejuru. Iyi firime ifite umwanya muto wo guhumeka, igabanya ahantu heza hava no guhunika amazi.

Iyo batewe hejuru y’ibimera, surfactants ikora imiterere yerekanwe: amaherezo ya hydrophobique (ireba igihingwa) yanga kandi ikabuza guhumeka neza imbere, mugihe hydrophilique yazo (ireba ikirere) byorohereza ubukonje bwikirere. Ingaruka ikomatanyije ibuza gutakaza amazi, ikongera imbaraga zo kurwanya amapfa, kandi ikongera umusaruro.

Umwanzuro

Muri make, surfactants ifite porogaramu nini mubuhanga bugezweho bwubuhinzi. Mugihe hagaragaye tekiniki nshya yubuhinzi n’ibibazo by’umwanda bivuka, hakenewe ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ryihuse. Gusa mugukora surfactants zikora neza zijyanye nu murima dushobora kwihutisha ishyirwa mubikorwa ryubuhinzi bugezweho mubushinwa.