Gukoresha Surfactants mu ifumbire mvaruganda
Kurinda gukusanya ifumbire: Bitewe n'iterambere ry'inganda zikora ifumbire, urwego rw'ifumbire rwiyongera, no kwiyongera k'ubukangurambaga ku bidukikije, umuryango washyizeho ibisabwa byinshi ku mikorere y'ifumbire n'imikorere y'umusaruro.ibikoresho by'ubwubatsibishobora kongera ubwiza bw'ifumbire. Guteka amafumbire byagiye biba imbogamizi kuva kera ku nganda z'ifumbire, cyane cyane kuri ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, urea, n'ifumbire mvaruganda. Kugira ngo hirindwe guteka amafumbire, uretse ingamba zo kwirinda mu gihe cyo kuyakora, kuyapfunyika no kuyabika, surfactants zishobora kongerwa mu mafumbire.
Urea ikunda gusya mu gihe cyo kuyitwara no kuyibika, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku igurishwa ryayo no kuyikoresha. Iki kintu kibaho bitewe no kongera gusya ku buso bw'udukoko twa urea. Ubushuhe buri mu dukoko bujya ku buso (cyangwa bugafata ubushuhe bw'ikirere), bugakora urwego rw'amazi ruto. Iyo ubushyuhe buhindagurika, ubu bushuhe burashira, bigatuma umuti wuzuye ku buso uhinduka nk'ikirahuri, bigatuma ufata mu kabati.
Mu Bushinwa, ifumbire ya azote iboneka ahanini mu buryo butatu: azote ya ammonium, azote ya nitrate, na azote ya amide. Ifumbire ya azote ni ifumbire ifite ubwinshi bwinshi irimo azote ya ammonium na nitrate. Bitandukanye na urea, azote ya nitrate iri mu ifumbire ya nitro ishobora kwinjizwa mu bihingwa bitabaye ngombwa ko ihinduka, bigatuma ikora neza. Ifumbire ya azote ikwiriye ibihingwa bitanga umusaruro nk'itabi, ibigori, amahage, imbuto, imboga, n'ibiti by'imbuto, ikora neza kurusha urea mu butaka bwa alkaline no mu turere twa karst. Ariko, kubera ko ifumbire ya azote igizwe ahanini na ammonium nitrate, ifite hygroscopic cyane kandi inyura mu mpinduka z'ubushyuhe, ikunda gukubitwa.
Gukoresha imiti igabanya ubushyuhe mu gutunganya ubutaka bwanduye
Uko inganda nka peteroli, imiti, na pulasitiki zigenda zitera imbere, ibintu bitandukanye bihumanya ikirere biva mu mazi (urugero: hydrocarbons za peteroli, halogenated organics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, imiti yica udukoko) na iyoni z'ibyuma biremereye byinjira mu butaka binyuze mu gusuka, kuva mu mazi, kuva mu nganda no mu ijugunywa ry'imyanda, bigatera umwanda ukomeye. Ibintu bihumanya ikirere biva mu mazi bihita byifatanya n'ibintu bikomoka ku butaka, bigagabanya ubushobozi bwabyo bwo kubaho kandi bikabangamira ikoreshwa ry'ubutaka.
Surfactants, zikaba ari molekile zikunda kuzura mu kirere, zigaragaza imbaraga zikomeye ku mavuta, hydrocarbons zihumura neza, n'ibintu by'umwimerere bifite halogen, bigatuma zigira akamaro mu gutunganya ubutaka.
Gukoresha imiti igabanya ubushyuhe mu kubungabunga amazi y'ubuhinzi
Amapfa ni ikibazo cyugarije isi yose, aho igihombo cy'umusaruro giterwa n'amapfa kingana n'igihombo cyaturutse ku zindi mpanuka z'ikirere. Uburyo bwo kugabanya imyuka iva mu kirere burimo kongeramo ibintu bifasha mu kubika amazi mu buryo busaba kubika ubushuhe (urugero: amazi y'ubuhinzi, ubuso bw'ibimera), gukora agace kadashonga ku buso. Aka gace gafata umwanya muto wo gushonga, kagabanya agace gashobora guhumeka neza no kubungabunga amazi.
Iyo ifashishijwe ku bimera, imiti ikora imiterere ishingiye ku mazi: impera zayo zirwanya amazi (zireba ku bimera) zirukana kandi zikabuza ubushuhe bw'imbere mu kirere, mu gihe impera zazo zirwanya amazi (zireba mu kirere) zoroshya ubushuhe bw'ikirere. Ingaruka zihuriweho zigabanya ibura ry'amazi, zikongera ubushobozi bwo kurwanya amapfa, kandi zikongera umusaruro.
Umwanzuro
Muri make, ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu buhinzi bifite akamaro kanini mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu buhinzi. Uko ubuhanga bushya mu buhinzi bugenda buzamuka ndetse n’ibibazo bishya byo kwangiza ibidukikije bikiyongera, ni ko hazabaho ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu buhinzi biziyongera. Ni mu gushyiraho ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu buhinzi bifite imikorere myiza cyane bihuye n’uru rwego, ni bwo dushobora kwihutisha iterambere ry’ubuhinzi mu Bushinwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-15-2025