Ni izihe ngamba zikoreshwa mu gusukura imiti zikoreshwa mu buryo bwa "chemical"?

Mu gihe cy'ibikorwa by'inganda, ubwoko butandukanye bw'imyanda, nko guteka, ibisigazwa by'amavuta, ibipimo, ibisigazwa, n'ibisigazwa byangiza, byirundanya mu bikoresho no mu miyoboro y'ibikoresho by'inganda. Ibi bisigazwa bikunze gutuma ibikoresho n'imiyoboro binanirwa gukora, kugabanuka k'imikorere y'ibikoresho, kwiyongera kw'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu, ndetse no mu bihe bikomeye, ndetse n'impanuka z'umutekano.

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, bitewe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda nshya zikora ibintu bya sintetike, ibintu bishya byo mu nganda byakomeje kugaragara, kandi imiterere yabyo ya molekile irushaho kuba ingorabahizi. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwo gufatana n’imiterere hagati y’ibintu byo mu nganda n’ibintu bitandukanye byo gusukura akenshi biterwa n’ubwoko bw’ibintu byo mu nganda ndetse n’imiterere y’imiterere y’ibintu bisukurwa. Bitewe n’ibisabwa kurengera ibidukikije, hari ukwiyongera k’ubukene bw’ibintu bihumanya ibidukikije no kutangiza uburozi, ibyo bikaba bikomeza guteza imbogamizi nshya ku ikoranabuhanga ryo gusukura imiti.

Gusukura imiti ni ikoranabuhanga rirambuye rikubiyemo kwiga ku miterere n'imiterere y'imyanda, guhitamo no gukoresha ibikoresho byo gusukura n'ibindi bikoresho, guhitamo ibikoresho bigabanya ingese, uburyo bwo gusukura, guteza imbere no gukoresha ibikoresho byo gusukura, ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura mu gihe cyo gusukura, no gutunganya amazi yanduye, n'ibindi. Muri ibyo, guhitamo ibikoresho byo gusukura ni ikintu cy'ingenzi kigena intsinzi y'ibikorwa byo gusukura, kuko bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere myiza y'isuku, ku muvuduko wo kugabanya ingese, ku muvuduko wa ingese, ndetse n'inyungu z'ubukungu bw'ibikoresho.

Ibintu bisukura bigizwe ahanini n'ibice bitatu by'ingenzi: ibikoresho by'ibanze bisukura, ibikoresho bibuza ingese, n'ibikoresho bisukura. Bitewe n'imiterere yabyo ya molekile, irimo amatsinda y'ibintu bikunda amazi n'ibidakunda amazi, ibikoresho bisukura bigira uruhare mu kuyungurura, kwinjira, gushonga, gushonga no gukaraba mu gihe cyo gusukura imiti. Ntabwo bikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho by'inyongera gusa ahubwo binafatwa nk'ibice by'ingenzi, cyane cyane mu bikorwa nko gusukura aside, gusukura alkaline, gukumira ingese, gukuraho amavuta, no kuyasukura, aho bigenda bigaragaza ingaruka zikomeye zabyo.

Isuku y'ibanze, imiti igabanya ingese, na surfactants ni byo bice bitatu by'ingenzi by'imiti isukura. Imiterere yihariye y'imiti isukura ituma iyo ishongeshejwe mu gisubizo cy'amazi, igabanya cyane imbaraga z'ubuso bw'umuti, bityo ikongera ubushobozi bwo kuvoma. Cyane cyane iyo ubwinshi bw'imiti isukura mu gisubizo bugeze ku rugero rw'ingenzi rwa micelle (CMC), habaho impinduka zigaragara mu mbaraga z'ubuso bw'umuti, umuvuduko wa osmotic, ubukana, n'imiterere y'urumuri.

Ingaruka zo gutosesha, kwinjira, gukwirakwiza, gushonga no gushonga by’imiti mu gusukura imiti zigera ku musaruro wikubye kabiri umusaruro hamwe n’igice cy’umuhati. Muri make, imiti ikoreshwa mu gusukura imiti ifite akamaro kanini ifite inshingano ebyiri: iya mbere, yongera ubwinshi bw’imyanda ihumanya ikirere idashonga neza binyuze mu gushonga kwa micelles, izwi nka ingaruka zo gushonga; iya kabiri, bitewe n’amatsinda yayo aphilis, imiti ikoreshwa mu gushonga inyunganira cyangwa ikusanyikira aho amavuta n’amazi bihurira, bigabanura imbaraga zo hagati y’urusobe rw’amazi.

Mu guhitamo ibikoresho bisukura, hagomba kwitabwaho cyane imiterere y'ibikoresho bisukura, ibikoresho bibuza ingese, n'ibikoresho bisukura, ndetse n'uburyo bihura.