Ni ubuhe buryo bukoreshwa mu gusukura imiti?

Mugihe cyo gutunganya inganda, ubwoko butandukanye bwangiza, nka kokiya, ibisigazwa bya peteroli, igipimo, imyanda, hamwe nububiko bwangirika, birundanya mubikoresho no mumiyoboro ya sisitemu yo gukora. Ibyo kubitsa akenshi biganisha ku bikoresho no kunanirwa kw'imiyoboro, kugabanya imikorere ya sisitemu y’umusaruro, kongera ingufu mu gukoresha ingufu, ndetse no mu bihe bikomeye, ndetse n’umutekano.

Mu myaka yashize, hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryinganda nshya zubukorikori, ubuvanganzo bushya bwinganda bwagaragaye, kandi imiterere ya molekile yarushijeho kuba ingorabahizi. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwo gufatira hamwe nuburyo hagati yangiza inganda nintego zitandukanye zogusukura akenshi biterwa nubwoko bwikosa kimwe nuburyo bwimiterere hamwe nubutaka bwa fiziki-chimique yibintu bisukurwa. Bitewe n’ibisabwa kurengera ibidukikije, harakenewe kwiyongera ku binyabuzima no kutagira uburozi bw’ibikoresho by’imiti, bikomeje guteza ibibazo bishya mu ikoranabuhanga ry’isuku ry’imiti.

Isuku yimiti nubuhanga bwuzuye burimo kwiga kubyerekeranye nimiterere mibi, gutoranya no gutunganya ibikoresho byogusukura ninyongeramusaruro, guhitamo imiti yangiza ruswa, tekiniki yo gutunganya isuku, guteza imbere no gukoresha ibikoresho byogusukura, tekinoroji yo gukurikirana mugihe cyo gukora isuku, no gutunganya amazi mabi, nibindi. Muri ibyo, guhitamo ibikoresho byogusukura nikintu gikomeye cyerekana intsinzi yibikorwa byogusukura, kuko bigira ingaruka kuburyo butaziguye kumasuku, igipimo cyamanuka, igipimo cya ruswa, ninyungu zubukungu bwibikoresho.

Ibikoresho byogusukura bigizwe ahanini nibintu bitatu byingenzi: ibikoresho byambere byogusukura, inhibitori ya ruswa, hamwe na surfactants. Bitewe n'imiterere ya molekuline, irimo amatsinda ya hydrophilique na hydrophobique, surfactants igira uruhare muri adsorption, kwinjira, emulisation, gushonga, no gukaraba mugihe cyoza imiti. Ntabwo zikoreshwa nkibikoresho byingirakamaro gusa ahubwo zifatwa nkibice byingenzi, cyane cyane mubikorwa nko gusukura aside, gusukura alkaline, kubuza ruswa, kwangirika, no kuboneza urubyaro, aho bigenda byerekana ingaruka zikomeye.

Ibikoresho byambere byogusukura, inhibitori ya ruswa, hamwe na surfactants nibintu bitatu byingenzi bigize ibisubizo byogusukura imiti. Imiterere yihariye ya chimique ya surfactants yemeza ko, iyo ishonga mumuti wamazi, igabanya cyane uburemere bwimiterere yumuti, bityo bikazamura ubushobozi bwayo. Cyane cyane iyo kwibumbira hamwe kwa surfactants mugisubizo bigeze kumurongo wa micelle ikomeye (CMC), impinduka zigaragara zibaho mubisubizo byubuso bwibisubizo, umuvuduko wa osmotic, viscosity, na optique.

Kuvomera, gucengera, gutatanya, kwigana, no gukuramo ingaruka ziterwa na surfactants mugikorwa cyo gusukura imiti bigera kubisubizo kabiri hamwe nimbaraga zimbaraga. Muri make, surfactants mugusukura imiti ikora cyane cyane imirimo ibiri: icya mbere, byongera imbaraga zigaragara ziterwa nudukoko twangiza imyanda mibi binyuze mumikorere ya micelles, izwi nka solubilisation; icya kabiri, bitewe nitsinda ryabo ryitwa amphiphilic, surfactants adsorb cyangwa ikusanyiriza hamwe hagati yicyiciro cyamavuta namazi, bikagabanya impagarara zintera.

Mugihe uhitamo surfactants, hagomba kwitonderwa byumwihariko kumiterere yumukozi ukora isuku, inhibitori ya ruswa, hamwe na surfactants, kimwe no guhuza imikoranire yabo.