Ni ibihe bintu bigira uruhare mu gutuma emulsion iguma neza?

Ibintu Bigenga Ihindagurika rya Emulsions?

Mu mikoreshereze ifatika, guhagarara kwa emulsion bivuga ubushobozi bw'ibitonyanga bya phase bitandukanyijwe mu kurwanya guhagarara. Mu bipimo byo gupima guhagarara kwa emulsion, igipimo cyo guhagarara hagati y'ibitonyanga bitandukanijwe ni ingenzi cyane; gishobora kugaragazwa hapimwa uburyo umubare w'ibitonyanga kuri buri gipimo cy'ingano uhinduka uko igihe kigenda gihita. Uko ibitonyanga muri emulsion byiyunga bikaba binini amaherezo bigatera kuvunika, umuvuduko w'iyi nzira ushingira ahanini ku bintu bikurikira: imiterere y'ishusho ihuza, kwirukana amashanyarazi hagati y'ibitonyanga, imbogamizi ya steric ituruka kuri polymer films, ubukana bw'igice gikomeza, ingano y'ibitonyanga n'ikwirakwizwa ryabyo, igipimo cy'ingano y'igice, ubushyuhe, n'ibindi.

Muri ibi, imiterere y’umubiri w’urumuri rw’imbere, imikorere y’amashanyarazi, n’imbogamizi za steric ni byo by’ingenzi cyane.

(1) Imiterere ifatika ya firime yo hagati y'uruso​

Gukubitana hagati y'ibitonyanga by'ibice bitandukanyijwe ni ngombwa kugira ngo bihuze. Guhuza bigenda ubudatuza, bigabanya ibitonyanga bito bikavamo binini kugeza igihe emulsion ivunitse. Mu gihe cyo gukubitana no guhuzwa, imbaraga za mashini za firime y'igitonyanga zigaragara nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi mu gutuma emulsion iguma neza. Kugira ngo firime y'igitonyanga igire imbaraga nyinshi za mashini, igomba kuba firime ifatanye—molecules zayo zigizwe na surfactant zihujwe n'imbaraga zikomeye zo ku ruhande. Filime igomba kandi kugira ubushobozi bwo kwihuta, ku buryo iyo habayeho kwangirika kw'ahantu runaka bitewe n'ibitonyanga, ishobora kwisana ubwayo.

(2) Imikoranire y'amashanyarazi​

Ubuso bw'ibitonyanga mu miyoboro y'amazi bushobora kugira ubwinshi bw'ibitonyanga bitewe n'impamvu zitandukanye: gushyira mu bikorwa ioni y'ibitonyanga bya ionic, kwinjiza ioni runaka ku buso bw'ibitonyanga, gushwanyagurika hagati y'ibitonyanga n'ibikikije, nibindi. Mu miyoboro y'amazi (O/W), ubwinshi bw'ibitonyanga bigira uruhare runini mu gukumira kwiteranya, guhuza, no gusenyuka burundu. Dukurikije inyigisho y'ubudahangarwa bwa colloid, imbaraga za van der Waals zikurura ibitonyanga hamwe; nyamara iyo ibitonyanga byegereye bihagije kugira ngo imiterere yabyo ibiri ku buso ihuze, guhumeka kwa electrostatic bibuza kwegerana kurushaho. Birumvikana ko iyo guhumeka biruta gukurura, ibitonyanga ntibishobora guhurirana no guhungana, kandi ihumye rikomeza kuba rihamye; bitabaye ibyo, guhuza no gusenyuka birakurikiraho.

Ku bijyanye na emulsions z'amazi mu mavuta (W/O), ibitonyanga by'amazi bigira ingufu nke, kandi kubera ko urwego rukomeza rufite imiterere y'amashanyarazi make n'urwego runini rw'ibice bibiri, ingaruka z'amashanyarazi zigira ingaruka nto ku guhagarara.

(3) Gutuza Steric​

Iyo polymeri zikora nk'ibinyabutabire, urwego rw'ubuso rurushaho kuba runini, rugakora uburinzi bukomeye bwa lyophilic bukikije buri gitonyanga—urukuta rw'ahantu rubuza ibitonyanga kwegera no gukorana. Imiterere ya lyophilic ya polymeri inafata amazi menshi ahoraho mu gice cy'uburinzi, bigatuma asa na gel. Kubera iyo mpamvu, agace k'ubuso gagaragaza ubukana bwinshi bw'ubuso hamwe n'ubuso bwiza, bifasha gukumira ko ibitonyanga byivanga no kubungabunga ubusugire. Nubwo habayeho guhuza, polymeri zinyabutabire akenshi ziteranira ku gice cy'ubuso cyagabanutse mu buryo bwa fibrous cyangwa crystalline, bikongera ubunini bw'ubuso bityo bigatuma ibyuma bikomeza guhuza.

(4) Ubunini bw'ibitonyanga bukwirakwira mu buryo bumwe​

Iyo ingano runaka y'igice cyatatanye igabanyijwemo ibitonyanga by'ingano zitandukanye, sisitemu igizwe n'ibitonyanga binini igira agace gato k'ubuso bw'imbere bityo ikaba ifite ingufu nke zo hagati y'ubuso, bigatuma habaho ubudahangarwa bukomeye bwa thermodynamic. Mu ihinduka ry'ibitonyanga aho ibitonyanga by'ingano nini n'into bihurira hamwe, ibitonyanga bito bikunda kugabanuka mu gihe ibinini bikura. Iyo ibi bikomeje kugenda bitagenzuwe, amaherezo bizacika. Bityo, ihinduka ry'ibitonyanga rito kandi ringana rirushaho kuba rihamye kurusha iry'ibitonyanga bifite ingano imwe ariko ingano yabyo ikaba nini.

(5) Ingaruka z'ubushyuhe​

Ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe rishobora guhindura imbaraga zo hagati y'urusobe rw'amazi, imiterere n'ubushyuhe bw'urusobe rw'amazi, uburyo emulsifier ishonga mu byiciro bibiri, igitutu cy'umwuka w'amazi mu byiciro by'amazi, n'ingendo y'ubushyuhe bw'ibitonyanga bitatanye. Izi mpinduka zose zishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo emulsion iguma neza ndetse zishobora no gutuma ihinduka cyangwa icika.