Niki uzi kuri surfactants ya polymer

1. Amahame shingiro ya Polymer Surfactants

Polymer surfactants bivuga ibintu bifite uburemere bwa molekile bigera kurwego runaka (mubisanzwe kuva kuri 103 kugeza 106) kandi bifite ibintu bimwe na bimwe bikora. Mu buryo bwubaka, barashobora gushyirwa mubice byo guhagarika kopolymers, graft copolymers, nabandi. Ukurikije ubwoko bwa ionic, surfactants ya polymer igabanijwemo ibyiciro bine byingenzi: anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, na nonionic. Ukurikije inkomoko yabyo, barashobora gushyirwa mubikorwa nkibikoresho bya polymer bisanzwe, byahinduwe na polymer naturel byahinduwe, hamwe nubushakashatsi bwa polymer.

Ugereranije na molekulike-yuburemere buke, ibintu nyamukuru biranga polymer surfactants ni:

.

(2) Bafite uburemere buke bwa molekile, bikavamo imbaraga nke zo kwinjira;

(3) Bagaragaza ubushobozi buke bwo kubira, ariko ibibyimba bakora birahagaze neza;

(4) Bagaragaza imbaraga zidasanzwe zo kwigana;

(5) Bafite ibintu bidasanzwe byo gutatanya no guhuriza hamwe;

(6) Ibikoresho byinshi bya polymer bifite uburozi buke.

2. Ibyiza byimikorere ya Polymer Surfactants

· Impagarara

Bitewe nimyitwarire yicyerekezo cya hydrophilique na hydrophobique yibice bya polymer surfactants hejuru yimiterere cyangwa intera, bafite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ubuso bwimiterere nuburinganire bwimiterere, nubwo ubu bushobozi busanzwe buruta ubw'uburemere buke buke bwa molekile.

Ubushobozi bwa polymer surfactants zo kugabanya ubukana bwubutaka buracogora kurenza ubw'ibikoresho bifite uburemere buke buke, kandi ibikorwa byabo byo hejuru biragabanuka cyane uko uburemere bwa molekile bwiyongera.

· Emulisation na Dispersion

Nubwo uburemere bwa molekile nyinshi, ibintu byinshi bya polymer birashobora gukora micelles mugice cyatatanye kandi bikerekana micelle yibanze (CMC), bityo ikuzuza imirimo ya emulisitiya. Imiterere ya amphiphilic ituma igice kimwe cya molekile cyiyongera kuri adsorb hejuru yuduce duto mugihe ikindi gice gishonga mugice gikomeza (uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza). Iyo uburemere bwa polymer butari hejuru cyane, bugaragaza ingaruka zibangamira steric, bigatera inzitizi hejuru yigitonyanga cya monomer cyangwa uduce twa polymer kugirango birinde guhuriza hamwe.

· Coagulation

Iyo polymer surfactants zifite uburemere buke cyane, zirashobora kwiyuhagira mubice byinshi, bigakora ibiraro hagati yabyo kandi bigakora floc, bityo bigakora nka flocculants.

· Indi mirimo

Imashini nyinshi za polymer ubwazo ntizibyara ifuro ikomeye, ariko zirasohokahibit kubika amazi meza hamwe no gufata neza ifuro. Bitewe n'uburemere buke bwa molekuline, bafite kandi imiterere isumba izindi zo gukora firime no gufatira hamwe.

· Imyitwarire yumuti

Imyitwarire ya polymer surfactants mumashanyarazi yatoranijwe: Benshi mumashanyarazi ya polymer ni amphiphilic block cyangwa graft copolymers. Mubisubizo byatoranijwe, imyitwarire yabyo irakomeye kuruta iya molekile nto cyangwa homopolymers. Ibintu nkimiterere ya molekile, igipimo cyuburebure bwibice bya amphifilike, ibihimbano, hamwe nubushobozi bwa solvent bigira uruhare runini mubisubizo bya morphologie. Kimwe na surfactants zifite uburemere buke, polimeri ya amphiphilic igabanya ubukana bwubutaka bwamamaza amatsinda ya hydrophobique hejuru mugihe icyarimwe ikora micelles mubisubizo.