Iyokudzivirira Zvema surfactants chinhu chakakosha chinoita kuti ma surfactants ashande zvakanyanya. Zvinobatanidzwa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwezviuru zvemhuri. Uyezve, zviri kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana uye mumhando dzese dzekugadzira maindasitiri.
Mhedzisiro ye antistatic ye surfactants
Fiber, mapurasitiki, nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinowanzogadzira magetsi asingachinji nekuda kwekukweshana, izvo zvinokanganisa mashandiro ezvigadzirwa zvavo. Semuenzaniso, kana machira efiber aine magetsi asingachinji, anowanzova nematambudziko akadai sekuti "anonamatira mumuviri" kana "anonamatira asingachinji", pamwe nekukwanisa kunwisa guruva kana kusviba. Mhedzisiro yemagetsi asingachinji pazvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki yakakura zvikuru. Zvigadzirwa hazvingokwezve guruva chete, zvichikanganisa kujeka kwazvo, kuchena kwepadenga uye chitarisiko, asi zvinoderedzawo kushandiswa uye kukosha kwezvigadzirwa.
Kubvisa dambudziko iri remagetsi asingachinji, nzira ye surfactant antistatic ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa pari zvino. Ma surfactants akadaro anonziantistatic vamiririri.
- Zviitiko zveElectrostatic uye zvikonzero zvavo
Kunyangwe paine misiyano mumhedzisiro yakawanikwa nevaongorori vakasiyana maererano nekurongeka kwekushandiswa kwemagetsi efiber, fibers dzine maamide bonds dzakadai semvere dzemakwai, nayiloni, uye mvere dzemachira dzinowanzo kuve dzakachajiwa zvakanaka.
Mamiriro ezvinhu akajairika ekuchaja kwemagetsi ezvinhu, kubva pane zvakanaka kusvika pane zvakaipa, ndeekuti: (+) Polyurethane – Vhudzi – Nylon – Wool – Silk – Viscose Fiber – Donje – Rabha Yakaoma – Acetate Fiber – Vinylon – Polypropylene – Polyester – Polyacrylonitrile – Polyvinyl Chloride – Vinyl Chloride – Acrylonitrile Copolymer – Polyethylene – Polytetrafluoroethylene (-). Kunyangwe chikonzero chekugadzirwa kwemagetsi asingachinji chisati chanyatsonzwisiswa, zvinowanzo fungidzirwa kuti kana mhando dzakasiyana dzemagetsi dzichikwizana, machaji anofamba anogadzirwa pakati pezvinhu zvakakwizwa, nokudaro zvichigadzira magetsi asingachinji. Rudzi rwechaji rwunotakura chinhu runogona kutsanangurwa nekuwedzera kana kurasikirwa kwemaerekitironi. Kana chinhu chikarasikirwa nemaerekitironi, chinova chaji yakanaka; kana chikawana maerekitironi, chinova chaji yakaipa.
- Mushonga unorwisa static
Kune nzira mbiri huru dzekubvisa magetsi asingachinji:
Nzira yepanyama: Sezvo hukuru hwemagetsi asingachinji huchikanganiswa nekupisa nehunyoro, nzira dzepanyama dzakadai sekugadzirisa tembiricha nehunyoro, uye kubuda kwekorona zvinogona kushandiswa kubvisa magetsi asingachinji pamusoro pezvinhu.
Nzira yemakemikari pamusoro: Kureva kuti, kushandisa ma surfactants, anozivikanwawo se antistatic agents, kuita kurapa pamusoro pemafibers nezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki kana kuzvisanganisa kuita mapurasitiki kuti zvizadzise chinangwa chekubvisa static electricity.
2.I. Mishonga inorwisa static yefibers
Mamiriro ezvinhu anofanira kusangana nemishonga inorwisa static:
(1) Usachinje manzwire anoita ruoko rwefaibha;
(2) Mhedzisiro yakanaka yekudzivisa kupararira kwemvura, dhigirii diki, uye ichiri kushanda patembiricha yakaderera;
(3) Kuenderana zvakanaka ne resin fibers;
(4) Kuenderana zvakanaka nezvimwe zvinowedzerwa;
(5) Hapana furo rinobuda uye hapana mavanga emvura;
(6) Hazvina chepfu uye hazvikuvadzi ganda;
(7) Inogona kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwakanaka.
2.2. Mhando dzemishonga inorwisa static
Mhando huru dzemishonga inodzivirira static inoshandiswa pakugadzira fibers i cationic ne amphoteric ionic surfactants.
2.3. Maitiro ekuita kwemishonga inorwisa static
Maitiro ekudzivirira static ezvinoshandiswa pakugadzira fiber antistatic anonyanya kuoneka muzvikamu zviviri: kudzivirira kugadzirwa kwemagetsi asingachinji kana pamusoro pemachira efiber pakakweshwa uye kupararira kwemari yepombi. Kudzivirira kukweshana kwemagetsi kwakabatana zvakanyanya nechimiro chema surfactants; nepo kupararira kwemari yepombi kunoenderana nehuwandu hwekusveta uye hygroscopicity yema surfactants pamarara efiber.
Zvishandiso zveCationic inogona kunyungudika nyore nyore pamusoro pemafibers ane chaji isina kunaka kuburikidza nechaji dzayo dzakanaka.
①Inogona kuderedza simba repamusoro re fiber;
②Sezvo ma "cationic surfactants" achinamira pamusoro pe fiber ne positively charged quaternary ammonium ions, uye ma "hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains" anotarisa kunze, zvichiita firimu re "oriented adsorption film" rine ma "hydrocarbon chains" pamusoro pe fiber. Firimu iri re "adsorption" rinogona kuderedza simba rekukweshana rinogadzirwa pamusoro pe fiber panguva yekukweshana, nokudaro richideredza simba re "frosting electric".
Kune fiber dzakagadzirwa dzine polarity yakaderera uye hydrophobicity yakasimba, cationic surfactants inonamira pamusoro pefiber kuburikidza ne van der Waals forces ne hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains dzavo, nepo polar quaternary ammonium groups dzakatarisana nekunze, dzichifukidza pamusoro pefiber ne hydrophilic polar groups. Izvi hazvingowedzera conductivity ye fiber surface chete asiwo zvinowedzera hunyoro hwepamusoro payo, izvo zvinobatsira mukupararira kwe static electricity inokonzerwa nekukweshana uye ine basa re antistatic.
Huwandu hwekunyudzwa kwe dioctadecyl ammonium chloride pamusoro pemafiber echisikigo hwakanyanya kupfuura hwemafiber ekugadzira. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti ine simba riri nani rekudzivirira static pamafiber echisikigo.
Kufanana nema "cationic surfactants", ma "amphoteric ionic surfactants" ane ma "positive charges" uye anogonawo kunyudza pamusoro pe "negative charge" fibers kuti abvise "static charges". Mapoka avo e "hydrophobic" anewo simba rekuderedza kukweshana. Uyezve, kana tichienzanisa nema "cationic surfactants", ane boka re "anionic" rakawedzerwa muchimiro chawo chemamorekuru, saka anogona kuwedzera hunyoro uye kupararira kwechaja zviri nani. Saka, ma "amphoteric ionic surfactants" ma "antistatic agents" ane mashandiro akanaka, asi mutengo wawo wakakwira.
Ma surfactants eanionic neasiri ionic ane simba rakaderera rekudzivisa kupararira kwemasero esimbi nekuda kwehuwandu hwawo hushoma hwekusveta pamusoro pe fiber. Huwandu hwekusveta hwe non-ionic surfactants hwakakwira kupfuura hwe anionic nekuti hahukanganisike nekuchaja kwe fiber pamusoro, asi simba rawo pakupararira kwemasero esimbi harina kunaka, saka kugona kwawo kurwisa kupararira kwemasero esimbi kwakaipa zvikuru kupfuura kwe cationic ne amphoteric ionic surfactants.
- Antistatic agent yepurasitiki
Maitiro ekushanda kwemasurfactants sezvinhu zvinodzivirira static yepurasitiki: Masurfactants anonamira pamusoro pepurasitiki kuburikidza ne van der Waals forces nema hydrocarbon chains avo anonyungudutsa, ukuwo mapoka avo e polar achitambanukira kunze, achigadzira firimu re adsorption remasurfactants pamusoro pepurasitiki. Firimu iri rinopa conductivity, zvichiita kuti static charges dziparare zvakanaka. Panguva imwe chete, firimu re adsorption rinogonawo kuderedza kukweshana pamusoro pepurasitiki.
Mishonga yepurasitiki inorwisa static inopatsanurwa zvichienderana nerudzi rwe surfactant muzvikamu zvinotevera:
(1) Rudzi rweAnionic;
(2) Rudzi rweCationic;
(3) Rudzi rweionic rweAmphoteric;
(4) Rudzi rusiri rweionic.
Mishonga inorwisa static inogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri zvichienderana nenzira yavanoishandisa:
(1) Mishonga inodzivisa kupararira kwemhepo yakafukidzwa pamusoro;
(2) Mishonga inorwisa static yemhando ye compounding.
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-12-2026