Hunhu hwekuwachisa hwezvinhu zvinoshandisa masurfactantndiyo hunhu hukuru hunoita kuti ma surfactants ashande zvakanyanya. Anobatanidzwa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwezviuru zvemhuri uye ari kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumhando dzese dzehupenyu uye maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekugadzira maindasitiri.
Mhedzisiro IsingachinjiyeSurfactants
Mafaibha, mapurasitiki nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinowanzogadzira magetsi asingachinji nekuda kwekukweshana, izvo zvinokanganisa mashandiro azvo. Semuenzaniso, machira efaibha ane magetsi asingachinji anowanzosangana nematambudziko akadai sekunamatira mumuviri, kunamatira asingachinji, uye katsika kekunwisa guruva uye kusviba. Mhedzisiro yakaipa yemagetsi asingachinji pazvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki yakanyanya kuipa. Zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvine magetsi asingachinji hazvingonyungudi guruva chete, izvo zvinokanganisa kujeka, kuchena kwepamusoro uye chitarisiko chezvigadzirwa, asiwo zvinoderedza mashandiro azvo uye kukosha kwazvo.
Kuti zvibviswe zvinhu zvakadaro zvisingachinji, nzira ye surfactant antistatic ndiyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pari zvino. Ma surfactants akadaro anozivikanwa se antistatic agents.
Chikamu 1 Zviitiko Zvisingachinji uye Zvikonzero Zvazvo
Kunyangwe paine musiyano mumhedzisiro yekutevedzana kwemagetsi efibers akawanikwa nevayedzi vakasiyana, fibers dzine amide bonds dzakadai semvere dzemakwai, nylon uye artificial wool dzinowanzo takura positive charges. Mamiriro emagetsi epurasitiki yakajairika anoratidzwa muTafura 10-2. Kurongeka kwemagetsi kwezvinhu zvakajairika kubva kune zvakanaka kusvika kune zvakaipa kwakanyorwa pazasi:
(+) Polyurethane–Vhudzi–Naironi–Makushe–Sirika–Faibha yeViscose–Donje–Rabha yakaoma–Cellulose acetate faibha–Vinylon–Polypropylene–Polyester–Polyacrylonitrile–Polyvinyl chloride–Vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer–Polyethylene–Polytetrafluoroethylene (-).
Maitiro chaiwo ekugadzira magetsi asingachinji haanzwisiswi zvizere, asi pane kubvumirana kuti magetsi asingachinji anokonzerwa nemagetsi anofambiswa anokonzerwa nezvinhu kana mhando dzakasiyana dzezvinhu dzichikwizana. Rudzi rwemagetsi anotakurirwa nechinhu runobva pakuwana kana kurasikirwa kwemaerekitironi. Chinhu chinochajwa zvakanaka kana chikarasikirwa nemaerekitironi uye chikachajwa zvisina kunaka kana chikawana maerekitironi.
Chikamu 2 Mishonga Inodzivirira Kushanduka Kwemamiriro Ekunze
Kune nzira mbiri huru dzekubvisa magetsi asingachinji:
(1) Nzira dzepanyama. Sezvo hukuru hwemagetsi asingachinji huchikanganiswa nekupisa nehunyoro, nzira dzepanyama dzakadai sekugadzirisa tembiricha nehunyoro uye kubuda kwe corona zvinogona kushandiswa kubvisa magetsi asingachinji pamusoro pezvinhu.
(2) Nzira dzemakemikari pamusoro, dzinoti kushandisa masurfactants (anonziwo antistatic agents) kugadzirisa pamusoro pezvinhu zvefiber nepurasitiki kana kuzvisanganisa kuita mapurasitiki kuti zvizadzise chinangwa chekubvisa static.
1. Zvinodzivirira Kushanduka kweMafuta
Hunhu hunodiwa hwemishonga inodzivirira static:
(1) Usachinje kunzwika kweruoko rwemafiber; (2) Kushanda zvakanaka kwekudzivirira static ne dose shoma uye kushanda zvakanaka patembiricha yakaderera; (3) Kuenderana zvakanaka nemafiber e resin; (4) Kuenderana zvakanaka nezvimwe zvinobatsira; (5) Hapana furo uye hapana kuumbwa kwetsvina yemvura; (6) Haina chepfu uye haitsamwisi ganda; (7) Chengetedza kugadzikana kwakanaka.
Mhando dzemishonga inodzivirira static
Mhando huru dzemishonga inodzivirira static inoshandiswa pakugadzira fibers inyaya dzecationic neamphoteric surfactants.
Maitiro ekuita kwemishonga inorwisa static
Maitiro ekudzivirira static ezvinoshandiswa pakugadzira fiber antistatic anonyanya kuratidzwa muzvikamu zviviri: kudzivirira static generation apo machira efiber anokanganiswa uye kubatsira kupararira kwe surface charges. Kudzivirira frictional electrification kwakabatana zvakanyanya nechimiro chezvinoshandiswa pakugadzira fiber, nepo friction ye surface charges ichibatanidzwa nekukwanisa kwe adsorption uye hygroscopicity yezvinoshandiswa pakugadzira fiber.
Ma "cationic surfactants" anogona kunyudza zviri nyore pamusoro pe fiber ine chaji isina kunaka kuburikidza ne "positive charges" dzawo.
①Zvinogona kuderedza kupomerwa pamusoro pemafibers;
②Ma "cationic surfactants" anonamira pamusoro pe fiber nenzira yakanangana ne "positively charged quaternary ammonium ions" anobata pamusoro pe fiber uye "hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains" anonongedzera kunze, zvichiita firimu re "oriented adsorption" rine ma "hydrocarbon chains" pamusoro pe fiber. Firimu iri re "adsorption" rinogona kuderedza kukweshana pamusoro pe fiber panguva yekukweshana uye kuderedza simba remagetsi.
Kune fiber dzakagadzirwa dzine polarity yakaderera uye hydrophobicity yakasimba, cationic surfactants inonamira pamusoro pefiber kuburikidza ne van der Waals forces ne hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains dzavo, nepo polar quaternary ammonium groups dzakatarisana nekunze. Saka fiber surface yakafukidzwa ne hydrophilic polar groups, izvo zvisingangogadzirisi conductivity ye fiber surface chete asiwo zvinowedzera hunyoro hwepamusoro payo, zvichiita kuti magetsi asingachinji anokonzerwa nekukweshana uye ape simba re antistatic effects.
Kugona kunyudza kwe dioctadecyl ammonium chloride pamusoro pefiber yechisikigo kwakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura kuri pamafiber ekugadzira, zvichiratidza kuti inoita basa rakanaka rekudzivirira static pamafiber echisikigo.
Kufanana nema "cationic surfactants", ma "amphoteric surfactants" ane ma "positive charges" uye anogona kunyudza pamusoro pe "negative charge" fiber surfaces kuti abvise ma "static charges". Mapoka avo e "hydrophobic" anoderedzawo kukweshana. Kana tichienzanisa nema "cationic surfactants", ma "amphoteric surfactants" ane boka re "anionic" rakawedzerwa muchimiro chawo chemamorekuru, izvo zvinoita kuti hunyoro hurambe huri nani uye kuti charge irambe ichipararira. Saka, ma "amphoteric surfactants" ane simba guru rekudzivirira ma "static agents", kunyangwe nemutengo wakakwira.
Ma surfactants eanionic neasirionic haaratidzi kushanda zvakanaka kwe antistatic nekuda kwekukwanisa kwawo kushoma kwe adsorption panzvimbo dze fiber. Huwandu hwe adsorption hwe nonionic surfactants hahukanganisike ne surface charge ye fibers uye hwakakwira kupfuura hwe anionic surfactants, asi ane simba shoma pakupararira kwe static. Saka kugona kwawo antistatic kwakaderera zvikuru pane kwe cationic ne amphoteric surfactants.
2. Zvinodzivirira Kushanduka kweMapurasitiki
Maitiro ekudzivirira static ezvinoshandiswa sepurasitiki zvinodzivirira static ndeekuti: zvinodzivirira static zvinonamira pamusoro pepurasitiki ne hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains kuburikidza ne van der Waals forces, nemapoka e polar anotambanukira kunze. Firimu re adsorption rezvinokonzera static rinoumbwa pamusoro pepurasitiki kuti ripe conductivity, zvichiita kuti static charges iparare zvakanaka. Panguva iyi, firimu re adsorption rinogonawo kuderedza kukweshana pamusoro pepurasitiki.
Kurongeka kwemishonga yepurasitiki inorwisa static nerudzi rwe surfactant:
(1)Rudzi rweAnionic;
(2) Rudzi rweCationic;
(3) Rudzi rweAmphoteric;
(4) Rudzi rweNonionic.
Mishonga inorwisa static inogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri zvichienderana nenzira yekushandisa:
(1) Mishonga inodzivisa kupararira kwemvura pamusoro pevhu;
(2) Zvinosanganisa mishonga inorwisa static.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-10-2026