MaSurfactants zvinoreva zvinhu zvinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kushushikana kwemvura pamusoro pemvura inopindwa, kazhinji zvine mapoka emvura anopophilic uye anopophilic anogona kurongwa nenzira yakatwasuka pamusoro pemvura inopindwa. MaSurfactants anosanganisira mapoka maviri: maIonic surfactants nemaNon-ionic surfactants. MaIonic surfactants anosanganisirawo marudzi matatu: maAnionic surfactants, maCationic surfactants, uye maZwitterionic surfactants.
Chikamu chepamusoro cheindasitiri yesurfactant ndechekupa zvinhu zvakagadzirwa zvakaita se ethylene, fatty alcohols, fatty acids, palm oil, uye ethylene oxide; Chikamu chepakati ndicho chinoita basa rekugadzira nekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira polyols, polyoxyethylene ethers, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, nezvimwewo; Pasi pechikamu ichi, chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakaita seyekudya, zvizoro, kuchenesa maindasitiri, kudhinda nekudhaya machira, uye zvigadzirwa zvekusuka.
Kubva pamaonero emusika wepasi, indasitiri yekuchenesa ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa kwezvinoshandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu zvinosvibisa, zvichikonzera kudiwa kunopfuura 50% yezvinodiwa zviri pasi. Zvizoro, kuchenesa mumaindasitiri, uye kudhinda nekudhaya machira zvese zvinoita 10%. Nekukura kuri kuramba kuchiita hupfumi hweChina uye kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, kugadzirwa kwese kwese uye kutengeswa kwezvinoshandiswa zvinosvibisa zvinhu kwakaramba kuchikwira. Muna 2022, kugadzirwa kwezvinoshandiswa muChina kwakapfuura matani mamiriyoni 4.25, kuwedzera kwegore negore kweinenge 4%, uye huwandu hwekutengesa hwaive matani mamiriyoni 4.2, kuwedzera kwegore negore kweinenge 2%.
China ndiyo inogadzira zvinhu zvinogadzira ma surfactants zvakanyanya. Nekufambira mberi kuri kuita tekinoroji yekugadzira, zvigadzirwa zvedu zvakatanga kuzivikanwa zvishoma nezvishoma mumusika wepasi rose nekuda kwehunhu hwazvo uye zvakanakira mashandiro azvo, uye zvine musika wakakura wekunze kwenyika. Mumakore achangopfuura, huwandu hwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika hwakaramba huchikura. Muna 2022, huwandu hwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika muChina hwaive matani angangoita 870 000, kuwedzera kwegore negore kweinenge 20%, zvichinyanya kutumirwa kunyika nenzvimbo dzakadai seRussia, Japan, Philippines, Vietnam, Indonesia, nezvimwewo.
Kubva pamaonero ekugadzirwa kwezvinhu, kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvisina ionic surfactants muChina muna 2022 kunosvika matani mamiriyoni 2.1, zvichiita kuti pave ne50% yehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinogadzirwa, zvichitanga. Kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinogadzira anionic surfactants kunosvika matani mamiriyoni 1.7, zvichiita kuti pave ne40%, zvichitora nzvimbo yechipiri. Izvi zviviri ndizvo zvinhu zvikuru zvinogadzira zvinhu zvinogadzira surfactants.
Mumakore achangopfuura, nyika yakaburitsa mitemo yakaita se "Chirongwa cheMakore Mashanu che14 cheKuvandudza Hunhu Hwepamusoro hweIndasitiri yeSurfactant", "Chirongwa cheMakore Mashanu che14 cheKuvandudza Hunhu Hwepamusoro hweIndasitiri yeChina yeDetergent", uye "Chirongwa cheMakore Mashanu che14 cheKuvandudza Maindasitiri eGreen" kugadzira nzvimbo yakanaka yekusimudzira indasitiri yesurfactant, kukurudzira kushandurwa nekuvandudzwa kweindasitiri, uye kusimudzira nharaunda, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye mhando yepamusoro.
Parizvino, kune vanhu vakawanda vari mumusika, uye makwikwi eindasitiri akanyanya. Parizvino, kuchine mamwe matambudziko muindasitiri yesurfactant, akadai setekinoroji yekugadzira yekare, nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza dzisina kuenzana, uye kusakwana kwezvigadzirwa zvine kukosha kwakanyanya. Indasitiri iyi ichiri nenzvimbo yakakura yekuvandudza. Mune ramangwana, pasi pehutungamiriri hwemitemo yenyika uye sarudzo yekurarama nekubvisa musika, kubatanidzwa nekubvisa mabhizinesi muindasitiri yesurfactant kuchawedzera kuwanda, uye huwandu hwemakambani hunotarisirwa kuwedzera.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-10-2023