1. Mishonga yekubvisa mavanga (surfactants) inoshandiswa pakuita kuti pave nekutyoka
Matanho ekupwanya anowanzo shandiswa munzvimbo dzine mafuta asingapindi mvura yakawanda. Anosanganisira kushandisa kumanikidza kupwanya maumbirwo acho, kugadzira mitswe, uye wobva watsigira mitswe iyi nepropants kuderedza kuramba kwemvura, nokudaro uchizadzisa chinangwa chekuwedzera kugadzirwa uye jekiseni. Mamwe mafluid ekupwanya anogadzirwa achishandisa masurfactants sechimwe chezvinhu zvavo.
Mafuta anopwanyika mumvura anogadzirwa nemvura, mafuta, uye emulsifiers. Ma emulsifiers anoshandiswa anosanganisira ionic, non-ionic, uye amphoteric surfactants. Kana mvura yakakora ikashandiswa sechikamu chekunze uye mafuta sechikamu chemukati, mvura yakakora inopwanyika mumvura (polymer emulsion) inogona kugadzirwa. Rudzi urwu rwemvura inopwanyika inogona kushandiswa patembiricha iri pasi pe160°C uye inogona kuburitsa mvura yoga yoga.
Mvura inopwanyika furo ndiyo ine mvura senzvimbo yekupararira uye gasi sechikamu chekupararira. Zvikamu zvikuru zvavo imvura, gasi, uye zvinhu zvinofuridza furo. Alkyl sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfate esters, quaternary ammonium salts, uye OP-type surfactants zvese zvinogona kushandiswa sezvinhu zvinofuridza furo. Kuwanda kwezvinhu zvinofuridza furo mumvura kunowanzova 0.5–2%, uye chiyero chehuwandu hwegasi nehukuru hwefuro chinotangira pa0.5 kusvika pa0.9.
Mafuta anopatsanurwa nemafuta anogadzirwa achishandisa mafuta senzira yekunyungudutsa kana kuti nzira yekupararira. Mafuta anonyanya kushandiswa mumunda ioiri isina kucheneswa kana zvikamu zvayo zvinorema. Kuti vawedzere kushanda kwavo mukupisa nekudziya, mafuta anonyunguduka epetroleum sulfonates (ane huremu hwemamorekuru hwe300–750) anofanira kuwedzerwa. Mafuta anopatsanurwa nemafuta anosanganisirawo mvura inopatsanurwa nemafuta uye mafuta anopatsanurwa nefoam. Yekutanga inoshandisa mafuta anonyunguduka eanionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, uye non-ionic surfactants se emulsifiers, nepo yekupedzisira inoshandisa fluorine-containing polymeric surfactants se foam stabilizers.
Mvura inopwanyika yekugadzirwa kwemvura inobatwa nemvura inosanganiswa nema emulsions kana furo dzakagadzirwa uchishandisa musanganiswa wealcohols (senge ethylene glycol) nemafuta (senge parafini) senzvimbo yekupararira, liquid carbon dioxide sechikamu chakapararira, uye sulfate-esterified polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers se emulsifiers kana kuti foaming agents, dzinoshandiswa pakupwanyika kwekugadzirwa kwemvura inobatwa nemvura.
Mvura inopwanyika inoshandiswa pakubvisa acidizing fracture inoshanda semvura inopwanyika uye mvura inopwanyika, inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwecarbonate uko matanho ese ari maviri anoitwa panguva imwe chete. Idzo dzine chekuita nesurfactants dzinosanganisira acid foams uye acid emulsions; yekutanga inoshandisa alkyl sulfonates kana alkyl benzene sulfonates sezvinhu zvinofuridza furo, nepo yekupedzisira inoshandisa sulfonate-type surfactants se emulsifiers.
Kufanana nemvura dzinoita kuti iite acid, mvura dzinopwanyika dzinoshandisawo ma surfactants se demulsifiers, cleanup additives, uye wettability modifiers, izvo zvisingazotsanangurwi pano.
2.Masurfactants ekudzora profile uye matanho ekuvhara mvura
Kuti mvura ifambe zvakanaka uye kuti mvura isabatwe nemvura yakawanda, zvakakosha kugadzirisa nzira yekunyudzwa kwemvura mumatsime ekuisa mvura mujekiseni uye kutora matanho ekuvhara mvura mumatsime ekugadzira kuti iwedzere kugadzirwa. Dzimwe dzenzira idzi dzekutonga mapurofiti uye dzekuvhara mvura dzinowanzoshandisa mamwe masurfactants. HPC/SDS gel profile control agent inogadzirwa nekusanganisa hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) uye sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) mumvura yakachena. Sodium alkyl sulfonate uye alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride zvinonyungudutswa mumvura kuti zvigadzire mvura mbiri dzinoshanda, dzinopinzwa mukugadzirwa kwacho zvakatevedzana. Mvura mbiri dzinoshanda dzinosangana mukugadzirwa kwacho, dzichigadzira alkyl sulfite precipitates yealkyl trimethyl amine, iyo inovhara ma layers ane mvura yakawanda. Polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, alkyl aryl sulfonate, nezvimwewo, zvinogona kushandiswa semafuro. Zvinonyungudutswa mumvura kuti zvigadzire mvura inoshanda, iyo inobva yapinzwa mukugadzirwa kwacho neliquid carbon dioxide working fluid. Izvi zvinoumba furo mukuumbwa (kunyanya muzvikamu zvinopinda mvura yakawanda), zvichikonzera kuvharika uye kuwana simba rekudzora chimiro. Surfactant yemhando ye quaternary ammonium salt-type semushonga wefuro inonyungudutswa mu silicic acid sol yakagadzirwa kubva ku ammonium sulfate negirazi remvura uye inopinzwa mukugadzirwa, ichiteverwa ne jekiseni regesi risingapindi mvura (gasi rechisikigo kana chlorine gas). Izvi zvinotanga kugadzira furo rine mvura semushonga wekupararira mukuumbwa, uye zvino silicic acid sol gels, zvichikonzera furo rine solid semushonga wekupararira, iro rinovhara zvikamu zvinopinda mvura yakawanda uye rinoita kuti pave nekutonga kwe profile. Uchishandisa sulfonate-type surfactants semushonga wefuro uye mamorekuru akawanda semushonga wekusimba uye we foam, uye wobva wapinza gasi kana zvinhu zvinogadzira gasi, furo rine mvura rinogadzirwa pamusoro kana mukuumbwa. Muchikamu chemafuta, huwandu hwakawanda hwe surfactant hunoenda kunzvimbo yemafuta-mvura, zvichikonzera kuparadzwa kwefuro, saka haivhari mafuta uye imushonga wekubvisa mvura mutsime remafuta. Chinhu chinovhara mvura chesimende chakagadzirwa nemafuta chinosungirirwa nesimende mumafuta. Pamusoro pesimende chinopfachukira mumvura. Kana chikapinda muchikamu chinoburitsa mvura, mvura inobvisa mafuta pamusoro pesimende yoita seyakasanganiswa nesimende, zvichiita kuti simende iome uye ivhare chikamu chinoburitsa mvura. Kuti zvinhu izvi zviwedzere kuyerera kwechinhu ichi chinovhara mvura, zvinhu zvinosanganisa mvura zvemhando yecarboxylate nesulfonate zvinowanzowedzerwa. Chinhu chinovhara mvura chemicellar chakagadzirwa nemvura imushonga wemicellar une ammonium petroleum sulfonate, hydrocarbons, alcohols, nezvimwewo. Kana chikasangana nemvura ine salinity yakawanda, chinogona kusviba kuti chiwane simba rekubvisa mvura. Zvinhu zvinobatanidza mvura zvine cationic surfactant, zvinoumbwa nealkyl carboxylate nealkyl ammonium chloride surfactants, zvinongoshanda chete pakugadzira sandstone. Chinhu chinovhara mvura chine mafuta akawanda chinonyungudutswa nemafuta anosanganisa mvura. Kana ikasangana nemvura muchimiro chayo, inogadzira emulsion yemvura-mu-mafuta ine viscosity yakawanda kuti ibudirire chinangwa chekuvhara mvura. Chinhu chinovhara mafuta-mu-mvura chinogadzirwa nekubatanidza mafuta anorema mumvura uchishandisa cationic surfactants se emulsifiers yemafuta-mu-mvura.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-08-2026