1. Pfungwa yekutenderera
Flotation, inozivikanwawo se flotation beneficiation, inyanzvi yekugadzira zvicherwa inoparadzanisa zvicherwa zvinobatsira kubva ku gangue minerals pa gas-liquid-solid phase interface nekushandisa musiyano uripo pakati pezvinhu zvepamusoro zvezvicherwa zvakasiyana mu ores, uye inonziwo "interface separation". Maitiro ese etekinoroji anoshandisa zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga phase interfaces kuti awane kupatsanurwa kwezvikamu zvichibva pamusiyano uripo pakati pezvinhu zve interface zvezvikamu zvakasiyana zvezvicherwa anonzi flotation.
Hunhu hwepamusoro pemaminerari hunoreva hunhu hwepanyama, hwemakemikari nezvimwe zvepamusoro pemaminerari, zvakaita sekunyorova kwepamusoro, hunhu hwemagetsi pamusoro, mhando, kuwanda, uye kushanda kwezvisungo zvemakemikari zvemaatomu epamusoro, nezvimwewo. Hunhu hwakasiyana hwemaminerari hune musiyano wakasiyana muhunhu hwepamusoro. Nekushandisa misiyano iyi muhunhu hwepamusoro pemaminerari, kupatsanurwa kwemineral uye kuwedzerwa kunogona kuwanikwa nerubatsiro rwema "phase interfaces". Nokudaro, maitiro e "flotation" anosanganisira "gas-liquid-solid three-phase interfaces".
Hunhu hwepamusoro pemaminerari hunogona kuchinjwa kuburikidza nekupindira kwekugadzira, nechinangwa chekuwedzera musiyano wepamusoro pakati pemaminerari anobatsira uye gangue mineral particles kuti zvive nyore kupatsanurwa kwawo. Mukutenderera, ma reagents ekutenderera anowanzo shandiswa kushandura hunhu hwepamusoro pemaminerari, kuwedzera musiyano muhunhu hwepamusoro pakati pemaminerari, kuwedzera kana kuderedza hydrophobicity yenzvimbo dzemaminerari, kuitira kugadzirisa nekudzora maitiro ekutenderera kwemaminerari uye kuwana mhedzisiro iri nani yekuparadzanisa. Nokudaro, kushandiswa nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yekutenderera kwakabatana zvakanyanya ne reagents dzekutenderera.
Sezvo hunhu hwepamusoro hwezvicherwa zvakasiyana nezvinoumba mineral physical parameters zvakaita se density uye magnetic susceptibility, izvo zvakaoma kuchinja, hunhu hwepamusoro hwezvicherwa zvinogona kupindirana nenzira yekugadzira kuti pave nemusiyano unodiwa muhunhu hwepamusoro pakati pezvicherwa zvekuparadzanisa. Nokudaro, flotation inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuparadzanisa zvicherwa uye inozivikanwa se universal mineral processing method. Ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa uye inoshanda mineral processing method mukuparadzanisa zvinhu zvakapfava nezvisina kunaka zvakanyanya.
2. Mashandisirwo eFlotation
Kugadzira zvicherwa ibasa rekugadzira rinogadzira zvinhu zvekugadzira simbi uye indasitiri yemakemikari, uye froth flotation yave imwe yenzira dzakakosha dzekugadzira zvicherwa. Zvicherwa zvese zvinogona kupatsanurwa nekukasira.
Parizvino, flotation inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumatombo esimbi ane ferrous kunyanya pakugadzira iron ne manganese, zvakaita se hematite, smithsonite, ilmenite nezvimwe zvicherwa; matombo esimbi anokosha anonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira goridhe nesirivha; matombo esimbi asina ferrous akadai se copper, lead, zinc, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, antimony, kusanganisira sulfide minerals senge galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, molybdenite, pentlandite, uye oxide minerals senge malachite, cerussite, hemimorphite, cassiterite, wolframite; kupatsanurwa kwezvicherwa zvisina simbi zvine munyu zvakaita se fluorite, apatite, barite, uye zvicherwa zvine munyu zvinonyungudika senge potash salt ne rock salt; pamwe nekupatsanurwa kwezvicherwa zvisiri zvesimbi nezvicherwa zvine silicate zvakaita se coal, graphite, sulfur, diamond, quartz, mica, feldspar, beryl, spodumene.
Kuyerera kwemvura kwaunganidza ruzivo rwakakura mukugadzira zvicherwa, nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi. Kune zvicherwa zvemhando yepasi uye zvakaoma kuvakwa izvo zvaimboonekwa sezvisina kukosha muindasitiri, ikozvino zviri kushandiswazve (zviwanikwa zvechipiri) kuburikidza nekuyerera kwemvura.
Sezvo zviwanikwa zvezvicherwa zvichiramba zvisina kusimba, zvicherwa zvinobatsira zvinoparadzirwa zvakanaka uye zvinosanganiswa mumatombo, zvichiita kuti kupatsanurwa kuve kwakaoma; kuitira kuderedza mari yekugadzira, maindasitiri akadai sezvinhu zvesimbi nemakemikari ane zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pamhando yepamusoro uye kunyatsojeka kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa, kureva, zvigadzirwa zvakaparadzaniswa.
Kune rumwe rutivi, zvakakosha kuvandudza mhando; kune rumwe rutivi, maererano nedambudziko rekuti zvicherwa zvakaoma kupatsanura nekuda kwehukuru hwezvidimbu zvidiki, flotation yave kuratidza zvakanakira kupfuura dzimwe nzira, ichiva nzira inonyanya kushandiswa uye inovimbisa yekugadzirisa zvicherwa parizvino. Nzira dzeflotation dzakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma kubva pakutanga pakushandiswa kwezvicherwa zvesulfide kusvika kune zvicherwa zveoxide nezvicherwa zvisiri zvesimbi. Iye zvino, huwandu hwese hwezvicherwa zvinogadziriswa neflotation pasi rese hunosvika mabhiriyoni ematani gore rega rega.
Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, kushandiswa kwetekinoroji yekutenderera pasi hakuchagumiri pakugadzira zvicherwa chete, asi kwakawedzera kusvika pakuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, kugadzira simbi, kugadzira mapepa, kurima, indasitiri yemakemikari, chikafu, zvinhu, mishonga, biology nedzimwe nzvimbo.
Semuenzaniso, kudzoreredza zvinhu zvinobatsira muzvinhu zvinopisa, kunyungudika uye kusvibiswa kwesimba re pyrometallurgy; kudzoreredza kunyungudika kwezvimedu zve hydrometallurgical leaching uye zvinhu zvinonaya mvura zvakabviswa; kudzoreredza muindasitiri yemakemikari kuti pabviswe mapepa akadzokororwa uye fiber kubva mumvura yakasviba; kuburitsa mafuta akakora kubva mujecha remvura riri pasi perwizi, kupatsanurwa kwetsvina diki, ma colloid, mabhakitiriya, uye kubviswa kwetsvina yesimbi kubva mutsvina ndizvo zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muinjiniya yezvakatipoteredza.
Nekuvandudzwa kwemaitiro nenzira dzekuyangarara, uye kubuda kwezvishandiso zvitsva uye zvinobudirira zvekuyangarara, kuyangarara kuchashandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri neminda yakawanda. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kana uchishandisa maitiro ekuyangarara, zvishandiso zvinoita kuti mutengo wekugadzirisa uwedzere (zvichienzaniswa nekupatsanurwa kwemagineti nekupatsanurwa kwegiravhiti); saizi yezvidimbu zvinodiwa kuti zviyereswe zvakanyanya; kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokanganisa maitiro ekuyangarara, zvine zvinodiwa zvetekinoroji; uye mvura yakasviba ine zvishandiso zvinosara inokuvadza nharaunda.
3. Zviri mukati mekutsvagisa kweflotation
Maitiro ekuyangarara anosanganisira zvicherwa zvakasimba uye nzira dzekuparadzanisa (mvura, gasi). Zviri mukati meongororo iyi zvinosanganisira misimboti yekutanga yekuyangarara, ma reagents ekuyangarara, michina yekuyangarara, maitiro ekuyangarara, nezvimwewo.
Dzidziso huru yekuyangarara inosanganisira kugona kuyerera kwemaminerari, hunhu hwenzvimbo dzekuparadzanisa, nezvimwewo, kudzidza hunhu hwenzvimbo dzekuyangarara, kudyidzana pakati pezvikamu, nzira yekuchera maburi, nezvimwewo; tsvakurudzo pamusoro pezvinhu zvinoyangarara zvinosanganisira mhando, maumbirwo, hunhu, nzira dzekuita, kugadzirira uye nzira dzekushandisa zvinhu zvinoyangarara; tsvakurudzo pamusoro pemichina inoyangarara inosanganisira chimiro, musimboti wekushanda uye nguva dzekushandisa michina inoyangarara; tsvakurudzo pamusoro penzira dzinoyangarara inoreva chimiro chemaitiro, simba uye kutonga kwezvinhu zvinoyangarara, uye system yezvinoyangarara; pamusoro pezvo, kune tsvakurudzo pamusoro pekushandiswa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzematombo.
Sisitimu yedzidziso yekutsvagisa kweflotation inosanganisira zvidzidzo zvakaita se process mineralogy, organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry (interface chemistry, colloid chemistry), fluid mechanics, mechanical engineering, automatic detection, uye technical and economic analysis.
Nguva yekutumira: Kukadzi-09-2026