Kushanda kwe cationic surfactants kwakasiyana nekwe anionic surfactants, saka cationic surfactants dzinowanzonzi "inverse sipo". Panyaya yemakemikari adzo, dzine boka rimwe chete re long-chain hydrophobic uye rimwe boka re positively charged hydrophilic. Mapoka e long-chain hydrophobic anowanzo torwa kubva mu fatty acids kana petroleum chemicals, saka fatty amines zvinhu zvakakosha zve cationic surfactants. Cationic surfactants hadzina detergent yakawanda, asi hunhu hwadzo hwe antibacterial uye affinity yekunyungudutsa panzvimbo dzakaoma zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa. Muzvizoro, dzinowanzo shandiswa se hair conditioners, fungicides, bacteriostats, softeners, uye anti-caries additives, nezvimwewo.
1. Munyu une mafuta akawanda
Mafuta amines ndiwo mabhesi eorganic. Haapiswi mu neutral solutions, haana cationic surface activity panguva iyi, uye anochinja-chinja kana pH yadarika 7. Munyu weTertiary amine unowanikwa ne neutralization une inorganic kana organic acids une solubility yakakwana uye unozivikanwa zvizere se cationic surfactants inoshanda. Munyu weorganic unowanzo nyungudika mumvura kupfuura munyu we inorganic. Hauwanzo shandiswa mu detergent ne cleanser formulations.
Ma "non-quaternary ammonium salt cations" anonyanya kugadzikana ne pH, multivalent ions, uye electrolytes. Ma "ethoxylated amines", anogadzirwa ne ethoxylation ye fatty amines, ma "surfactants" anogona kuenderana ne "cationic surfactants" mushure mekugadziriswa kwe pH uye ane detergent yakanaka. Kana ma "fatty amines" akabviswa ne salicylic acid kanaα-chlorobenzoic acid, basa rayo rekudzivirira utachiona rinogona kuwedzerwa. Makomichi e-quaternary ammonium pakati pemafuta amine ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa e-cationic surfactants.
Munyu weQuaternary ammonium une kugadzikana kwakanaka mu acidic kana alkaline media (pasi pe100°C). Kunyungudika kwemunyu we quaternary ammonium kune chekuita nehurefu hwe alkyl chain; kana cheni yacho yakareba, kunyungudika kuri mumvura kunoderedza. C16-C18 monoalkyl trimethyl quaternary ammonium salts hainyungudike zvakanaka mumvura, inonyungudika mu polar solvents, uye hainyungudike mu non-polar solvents. Dialkyl dimethyl quaternary ammonium salts inonyungudika mu non-polar solvents uye hainyungudike mumvura.
Basa rinokosha re quaternary ammonium salts riri mukunyudzwa kwayo panzvimbo dzine charge isina kunaka uye mhedzisiro yayo yekuuraya mabhakitiriya uye kuuraya utachiona. Zvakakosha zvikuru kuziva kuti kusanganiswa ne anionic surfactants, oxides, peroxides, silicates, silver nitrate, sodium citrate, sodium tartrate, borax, kaolin, mapuroteni, uye mamwe ma polymers kazhinji kunoderedza simba rayo rekuuraya mabhakitiriya kana kukonzera turbidity.
Kunyungudika kwemunyu wealkyl quaternary ammonium kune chekuita nemapoka anonyungudika; mapoka anonyungudika akawanda, ndiko kuvandudzika kwekunyungudika kwemvura. Chikamu che5% cheisopropanol kana 10% mass fraction aqueous solution chine pH ye6-9. Ane kugadzikana kwakanaka kwemakemikari, kuramba chiedza, kupisa, maacid akasimba, uye alkalis akasimba, uye ane permeability yakanaka, antistatic properties, bactericidal effects (neC12-C16 iriyo inonyanya kushanda), uye kudzivirira ngura kwakanaka. Alkyl dimethyl quaternary ammonium salts ine mapoka maviri ealkyl ane chain refu semapoka anonyungudika, anoratidza kupfava kwakanaka, antistatic properties, mamwe mabacterial ability, pamwe nekuita wetting uye emulsifying effects yakanaka. Haanyanyi kushatirisa kupfuura alkyl trimethyl quaternary ammonium salts, anoratidza cationic properties pasi pe weak acids, uye anoumba non-ionic compounds pasi pemamiriro e neutral uye alkaline.
2. Alkyl imidazoline munyu
Alkyl imidazoline chigadzirwa chinoumbwa nekuita kwemafuta acids uye ethylenediamines dzakatsiva. Iyo amide ethylamine inogadzirwa nekupisa (kazhinji pa 220~240℃) inoshandurwa kuita alkyl imidazoline.
Alkyl imidazoline iorganic monocyclic tertiary amine uye ibase ine simba repakati nepakati. Ichinhu chinowanzo shandiswa pakuisa cationic chinogona kunamirwa zvakasimba panzvimbo dzine chaji isina kunaka, dzakadai sebvudzi, ganda, mazino, girazi, bepa, fibers, simbi, uye zvinhu zvine silicon. Munyu unogadzirwa nemaasidhi anonyungudika mumvura unowanzo gadzira majeli ane huwandu hwakawanda. MaAcetates, nicotinate, phosphates, uye sulfates anonyungudika mumvura, nepo munyu wavo wemafuta ane chain refu unonyungudika mumafuta. Ine kugadzikana kwakanaka kwekuchengetedza mumamiriro ezvinhu asinganyungudike hunyoro, asi makristaro anogona kudonha mushure mekuchengetwa kwenguva refu kana kuchengetwa munzvimbo dzine tembiricha yakaderera, uye inogona kudzokera kune imwe mamiriro kana yadziyirwa uye yakurungwa. Kusangana nemvura kana hunyoro kunokonzera hydrolysis zvishoma nezvishoma, zvichichinja mashandiro ayo. Kupisa kwenguva refu, kunyangwe kana tembiricha yakwira kusvika 165℃, hazvizokanganisi kugadzikana kwayo, asi ruvara rwayo ruchachinja. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti sezvo alkyl imidazoline iri nepakati-yakasimba, inogumbura ganda nemaziso zvakanyanya, nepo alkyl imidazoline salts ichideredza kushatirwa kwayo zvakanyanya.
Nguva yekutumira: Kukadzi-25-2026