Kushanda kwemushonga wekuchenesa wezvinoshandiswa mumasurfactants chinhu chakakosha chinoita kuti zvishandiswa mumasurfactants zvive zvakakosha. Zvinobatanidzwa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwezviuru zvemhuri. Uyezve, zviri kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana uye mumhando dzakasiyana dzekugadzira maindasitiri.
MaSurfactants ndiwo zvinhu zvikuru zvinoshanda mu sipo; pasina maSurfactants, paisazova ne sipo dzekugadzira. Pakati pemhando dzese dzeSAA, maSurfactants eanionic ndiwo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye anonyanya kushandiswa, uye kudiwa kwazvino kuri pamusoro pe50%. MaSurfactants eanionic acharamba achitora nzvimbo inotonga kwenguva yakati rebei mune ramangwana.
1 Anionic Surfactants
Mhando dzema "anionic surfactants" anoshandiswa se "detergents" dzinosanganisira mafuta ane acid salts (sipo), alkylbenzene sulfonates (ABS), fatty alcohol sulfates (AS), fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene sulfates (AES),α-olefin sulfates (AOS), fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene carboxylates (AEC), uye fatty acid methyl ester sulfonates (MES), nezvimwewo.
1.1 Sipo
Chikamu chinoshanda pamusoro pemamorekuru esipo chine chaji yakaipa, pakati pacho iyo long carbon chain fatty acid sodium ne potassium salts zvinoita 25%. Sipo iyi inonyanya kushandiswa ine mabhenefiti ekushandisa zvinhu zvakawanda, kugadzirira kuri nyore, uye mutengo wakaderera. Mumaindasitiri, inowanzogadzirwa nemafuta akadai se beef tallow ne mutton tallow kuburikidza ne saponification ine alkali yakasimba, ichiteverwa ne salting out uye kupatsanurwa kwe glycerol. Dambudziko rayo guru nderekuti kana ikasangana ne divalent ne trivalent metal ions dzakadai se Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Fe²⁺, nezvimwewo, mumvura ine mvura, inozogadzira calcium sipo kana magnesium sipo ine kunyungudika kwakaderera, nokudaro ichirasikirwa nehunhu hwekuchenesa hwesipo.
1.2Alkylbenzene sulfonate (ABS)
Sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate (R-C6H6-SO3Na) chinhu chakakosha zvikuru cheanionic surfactant. Chinonyungudika mumvura uye chakanyatsoiswa ionized. Munyu wayo wecalcium nemagnesium une kunyungudika kwakanyanya mumvura, saka chinodzivirira mvura zvakasimba. Pakati pealkylbenzenesulfonates, linear alkylbenzene (LAS) ine mutengo wakaderera, ine detergent yakasimba, inogona kuora nyore, uye haina njodzi kune zvakatipoteredza. Saka, kusvika pari zvino, hapana chimwe chinhu chinoshandiswa se detergent chinogona kuenzana neLAS maererano nekushanda kwayo kwehunyanzvi uye mabhenefiti ehupfumi. Inorumbidzwa neindasitiri yepasi rose yedetergent yekugadzira sesimba guru re detergents dzekugadzira. Inonyanya kushandiswa se detergent yemumaindasitiri neyemumba. Zvigadzirwa zvinomiririrwa: Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate ine simba rakanaka rekuwachisa, uye sodium octadecylbenzenesulfonate ine detergent yakasimba pakati pe sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate series.
1.3α-Olefin Sulfonate (AOS)
AOS chinhu chinobvisa tsvina chinoshanda zvakanaka. Chinonyanya kushandiswa mukuchenesa maoko, shampoo, mabhati emvura, sipo yekugeza ndiro, mishonga yekuchenesa yemumaindasitiri, uye sipo yekuwachisa mbatya.
1.4Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES)
R iboka realkyl, uye R' iboka remethyl. Kuchenesa kunonaka kana R iri C16 neC18, uye kudzivirira mvura kwakasimba ndiko kwakanyanya kunaka kana R iri C14. MES imushonga we surfactant wakagadzirwa nemafuta echisikigo, une simba rakanaka rekusuka uye simba rakasimba rekupararira nesipo-calcium. Inoenderana zvakanaka ne zeolite uye yakakodzera kugadzira sipo yekuwachira isina phosphate. Simba rayo rekupararira nesipo yecalcium rakakwira kupfuura reLAS, saka inobatsira pakugadzira nekushandisa sipo yakagadzirwa nesipo uye sipo yekuwachira yakagadzirwa nesipo.
1.5Mafuta Ane Alcohol Sulfate (AS) uye Mafuta Ane Alcohol Ether Sulfate (AES)
AS ine fomura yakajairika yeROSO3Na, apo R iri C14~C16, uye ine detergent yakanaka; AES ine fomura yakajairika yeRO(C2H4O)nSO3Na, apo R iri C14~C15 uye n=1—2, uye ine detergent yakanaka. AS neAES zvese zvine detergent yakanaka, detergent yakasimba, uye hunhu hwakanaka hwekuburitsa furo. Zvakakodzera kugadzira detergent ine furo rakawanda. Zvakakodzera detergent dziri nyore kutarisira kana dzemvere uye zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumabhavhu ebubble, shampoos, cosmetics, detergents dzekusuka ndiro nemaoko, detergents dzemuriwo, detergents dzemumba, nezvimwewo.
2 Zvisiri zve-ionic surfactants
Ma-surfactants asiri e-ionic ane simba rakanaka rekudzivirira ivhu rine mafuta uye anokwanisa kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwemafiber ekugadzira. Ane simba rakasimba rekudzivirira mvura yakaoma uye huwandu hwakawanda hwema electrolytes. Chinhu chikuru che polyoxyethylene asiri e-ionic surfactants ndechekugadziriswa kwezvikamu zve hydrophobic uye hydrophilic. Huwandu hweEO hunogona kugadziriswa kuti huenderane nezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvichiita kuti pave ne detergent yakanakisisa.
2.1Polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether
Fomura yakajairika: RO(C₂H₄O)ₙH, apo R = C₁₂~C₁₈ uye n zvinogadziriswa. Rudzi urwu rwemusanganiswa rune detergent yakakwira, iyo inoratidzwa muzvinhu zvinotevera: low critical micelle concentration (cmc), zvichireva kuti ichiri nesimba rekuchenesa rakawanda pahuwandu hwakaderera, detergent yakasimba, uye anti-soil redeposition properties pakusuka mafiber ekugadzira. Pamusoro pezvo, ine detergent yakanaka yekupisa yakaderera. Ipaste chena kusvika yero yakachenuruka patembiricha yemumba. Kana yanyungudutswa mumvura, ine emulsifying, cleaning, uye wetting properties. Inonyanya kushandiswa mu detergent dzemumba nedzemumaindasitiri pamwe chete nesimbi cleansing agents.
2.2Polyoxyethylene alkylphenol ether
Mufomura, R inonyanya kuve mapoka e octyl, nonyl, uye dodecyl; n inogadziriswa. Inoratidzwa nekukwanisa kwayo kubvisa mavara emafuta nemafuta. Zvigadzirwa zvinomiririrwa zvinosanganisira OP series, OPE series, uye SOPE series. Hunhu hwayo hukuru isimba rakasimba rekudzivirira acids, alkalis, nemvura yakaoma, uye inoshanda se detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers yekugadzirisa simbi, uye ma industrial cleansing agents.
2.3Alkyl Polyglycoside (APG)
Alkyl glycoside inorumbidzwa semhando itsva ye non-ionic surfactant yepamusoro-soro.
Zvakanakira APG: 1. Kushanda kwepamusoro uye kusimba kwepasi kwakaderera; 2. Hapana nzvimbo yegore uye kugadzikana kwekupisa kwakanyanya; 3. Kuchenesa kwakanaka, simba rakasimba rekupupuma furo, hunhu hwekunyorovesa uye emulsifying, uye kugadzikana kwekupararira; 4. Yakanakisa kupfuura chero rudzi rwesurfactant iripo maererano nekusava nehupfu, kusanzwa kweganda kushoma, uye kuora kwehupenyu. (Zvakanakira uye hunhu hwakanaka).
Saka, inonyanya kufarirwa nemakambani akawanda akadai seindasitiri yekuwacha, indasitiri yezvizoro, indasitiri yekugadzira chikafu, uye indasitiri yemishonga. Uyezve, nekuda kwekuti iri nyore kusuka uye haina kusiya mavara, inonyanya kukodzera kushandiswa sedhishi remuchina wekugeza tafura, muchina wekuchenesa mabhodhoro, nezvimwewo.
APG inoshandiswa semushonga wekuchenesa muzvinhu zvinotevera:
Sipo dzekugezesa nedzebvudzi: Zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa uchishandisa APG hazvina kusimba uye hazvitsamwisi ganda, zvine furo rakakora uye rakapfava. Zvinogonawo kuita basa rekudzivirira static kana zvichishandiswa pakushambidza shampoo. Zvizhinji zvezvigadzirwa izvi zvine mvura, asi zvinogonawo kugadzirwa se sipo. Sipo dzekushambidza: Sipo dzekushambidza dzakagadzirwa neAPG dzine hunhu hwakanaka hwekufuridza furo, dzakapfava paganda, dzinosiya kunhuhwirira kwakanaka kweruoko mushure mekushandisa, dziri nyore kusuka, uye hadzisiyi mavanga.
Sipo yekuwachira: APG inoshandiswa mu sipo yekuwachira uye ine sipo yakanaka kwazvo. Inogona kushandiswa kuchenesa machira akasiyana-siyana (akadai sedonje, mvere dzemakwai, polyester, nezvimwewo). Inogona kubvisa tsvina nemavanga emafuta zvinobudirira. Panguva imwe chete, ine sipo yekunyorovesa, sipo yekudzivirira static, uye sipo yekudzivirira kuderera. Uye inogona kugadzirwa kuita sipo yekuwachira ichiri nesipo yakanaka kwazvo kana ikashandiswa mumvura yakaoma.
Kuchenesa pamusoro pemvura yakaoma: Pamusoro pekushandiswa pakusuka ndiro, APG inogonawo kushandiswa pakuchenesa dzimwe mhando dzenzvimbo dzakaoma. Mishonga yekushambidza kana iri mumamiriro eacid yakasimba inogona kugadzirwa uchishandisa APG sechinhu chinoshanda. APG iri mairi ine basa rekudzivirira simbi dzesimbi kuti dzisaoxidized uye dzisaparadzwe nemaacid.
Maumbirwo ayo emamorekuru ane zvese zviri zviviri zvinokuvadza uye zvisina kunaka. Nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwemamorekuru, ine zvinhu zvinotevera panguva yekushandiswa: chepfu shoma uye kusatsamwisa kwakanyanya paganda nemaziso; kuora zvakanaka uye kuenderana; kunyorova kwakanaka, kusabvisa tsvina, uye hunhu hwefuro. Kune mhando dzinotevera kana dzichishandiswa sechinosuka.
3.1N-acyl amino acid rudzi
Anonyanya kushandiswa sezvinhu zvekutanga zveshampoos uye kuchenesa. Anogona kuramba acid isina simba nemvura yakaoma. Ane kutsamwa kushoma uye chepfu shoma, uye anogona kushandiswa muzvizoro. Ane simba rakasimba rekuparadzanisa sipo yecalcium, detergent, uye emulsifying. Muindasitiri yemachira, inoshandiswa se sipo uye emulsifier, uye yakakodzera kushambidza sirika nemvere dzemakwai nekuda kwesimba rayo rekubvisa mafuta.
Zvishandiso zveBetaine-type zwitterionic zvine detergent yakanaka pamachira edonje uye machira akasanganiswa nepolyester/donje, kunyanya hydroxyl sulfobetaine, iyo ine zvakanakira zvakawanda mukuwacha. Semuenzaniso: dodecyl dimethyl betaine imvura isina ruvara kana yero yakajeka inopenya. Inoshandiswa mu acidic media uye anionic mu alkaline media. Inogona kuora nyore. Chigadzirwa ichi chine hunhu hwakanaka hwekufuro, chinogona kuita kuti bvudzi rive rakapfava, uye chakakodzera kugadzira mashampoo asingatsamwisi ane mhedzisiro yekudzora bvudzi, mashampoo evana, nezvimwewo. Nekuda kwekusapinda kwayo mumvura, inoshandiswa mukugadzira sipo dzemvura dzakaoma. Inogona zvakare kushandiswa semushonga wefungi.
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-17-2026