Kunzwisisa Amphoteric Surfactants muChinyorwa Chimwe——Amino Acid Type uye Betaine Type

MaAmphoteric surfactants ma surfactants ane mapoka e anionic hydrophilic uye mapoka e cationic hydrophilic mumorekuru imwe chete. Hunhu hwawo hunonyanya kukosha ndehwekuti anogona kupa uye kugamuchira mapurotoni. Ane hunhu hunotevera panguva yekushandiswa: MaAmphoteric surfactants anowanzoita zvakanaka mukugeza, kuparadzira, emulsifying, sterilizing, softening fibers, uye antistatic, uye anogona kushandiswa sema auxiliaries ekupedzisa jira, dyeing auxiliaries, calcium sipo dispersants, dry-cleaning surfactants, uye metal corrosion inhibitors, nezvimwewo. Ane hunhu hwakanaka hwekupfava, kupfava, uye antistatic kumachira; mamwe hunhu hwekuuraya mabhakitiriya uye hunodzivirira mold; uye hunhu hwakanaka hwe emulsifying uye kuparadzira. Zvisinei, rudzi urwu rwe surfactant runodhura, uye huwandu hwayo chaihwo hudiki pane hwemamwe marudzi e surfactants. I surfactant yakapfava. Kusiyana ne single anionic kana cationic surfactants, mamorekuru e amphoteric surfactant ane ese ari maviri acidic uye basic groups kune imwe mugumo wemorekuru. Mapoka ane acidity akawanda acho ari carboxyl, sulfonic acid, kana phosphate groups, nepo mapoka ekutanga ari amino kana quaternary ammonium groups. Anogona kusanganiswa neanionic ne nonionic surfactants uye haagoni kubatwa neacids, alkalis, munyu, uye alkaline earth metal salts.

Parizvino, maamphoteric surfactants anoshandiswa zvakanyanya ane mapoka ecarboxylate sezvikamu zvavo zveanionic, uye mashoma ane mapoka esulfonate; zvikamu zvavo zvecationic zvinonyanya kuve amine salts kana quaternary ammonium salts. Avo vane amine salts sezvikamu zvecationic vanonzi amino acid type; avo vane quaternary ammonium salts sezvikamu zvecationic vanonzi betaine type.

1. Rudzi rweamino acid

Mhinduro yemvura yeamino acid-type amphoteric surfactants ine alkaline. Kana hydrochloric acid ikawedzerwa zvishoma nezvishoma nekukurunga, hapana shanduko kana mhinduro yacho yava neutral. Precipitate inoumbwa kana mhinduro yacho yava neutral. Kana hydrochloric acid yakawanda ikawedzerwa kuti mhinduro ive ne acid yakawanda, precipitate inonyungudika zvakare. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti inoita se anionic surfactant munzvimbo ine alkaline uye se cationic surfactant munzvimbo ine acidic. Zvisinei, kana cationic ne anionic properties zvanyatsoenzana panzvimbo ye isoelectric, hydrophilicity inoderera, zvichikonzera kuumbwa kwe precipitate. Anion iri mumorekuru iboka re carboxyl, uye cation i ammonium salt. Rudzi urwu rwe surfactant runoratidza mabasa akasiyana epamusoro nekuchinja kwe pH ye medium. Semuenzaniso, dodecylaminopropionic acid (C12H25N+H2CH2CH2COO-) inogona kushandurwa kuita sodium dodecylaminopropionate (C12H25NHCH2CH2COO-Na+) mune sodium hydroxide medium, ichiita se anionic surfactant inonyungudika mumvura. Mune hydrochloric acid medium, inogona kushandurwa kuita hydrochloride salt ye dodecylaminopropionic acid [(C12H25N+H2CH2CH2COOH)Cl-], ichiita se water-soluble cationic surfactant. Kana pH yemedium yakagadziriswa kuitira kuti positive ne negative charges zvive zvakaenzana, inoshandurwa kuita inner salt (C12H25N+H2CH2CH2COO-), iyo isinganyungudike zvakanaka mumvura uye inobuda. Iyo pH panguva ino inonzi isoelectric point. Kuti iite zvizere mhedzisiro yeamino acid-type amphoteric surfactants, dzinofanirwa kushandiswa mumvura ine pH inotsauka kubva panzvimbo ye isoelectric. Zvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira amino acid-type amphoteric surfactants zvinosanganisira higher aliphatic primary amines, methyl acrylate (ona acrylate esters), acrylonitrile, uye chloroacetic acid.

1. Brudzi rweetaine

Ma-surfactant emhando yeBetaine ane hunhu hukuru hwekunyungudika mumvura ine acid, neutral kana alkaline. Haanyungudike kunyangwe panzvimbo ye isoelectric. Pamusoro pezvo, anewo hunhu hwakanaka hwakadai sekubvumidzwa kwemvura, detergent uye antistatic performance. Saka, iwo ma emulsifiers akanaka uye anonyorovesa.

Carboxybetaine

Anion iri mumorekuru iboka recarboxyl, uye cation iboka re quaternary ammonium. Semuenzaniso, alkyl dimethyl betaine [RN+(CH3)2CH2COO-], uko boka realkyl R rine maatomu ekabhoni 12 kusvika 18. Zvichienzaniswa nemarudzi eamino acid, mhando dzebetaine dzinogona kunyungudika mumvura mune acidic, neutral, kana alkaline media, uye hadzina kudonha kunyangwe paisoelectric point, saka dzinogona kushandiswa mumvura ine pH chero ipi zvayo. Muacidic media, kana pH yeisoelectric point yakaderera, inoita sewater-soluble cationic surfactant [[RN+(CH3)2CH2COOH]Cl-]; mu neutral kana alkaline media, kureva kuti, kana pH yakaenzana kana yakakwira pane isoelectric point, inoita sewater-soluble amphoteric surfactant uye haiite seanionic surfactant. Amphoteric surfactants inowanzo gadzira precipitates neanionic surfactants chete muacidic media. Zvinogona kushandiswa pamwe chete nechero rudzi rwesurfactant mune media ine pH dzakasiyana siyana. Zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kugadzira betaine-type amphoteric surfactants zvinosanganisira alkyl dimethyl tertiary amines uye sodium chloroacetate, nezvimwewo.

Sulfobetaine

Boka reanionic riri mumorekuru ndiro boka resulfo (SO3-), uye boka recationic ndiro boka re quaternary ammonium. Anonyanya kushandiswa ndeaya alkyl dimethyl sulfonethyl betaines [RN+(CH3)2CH2CH2SO3-] uye alkyl dimethyl sulfopropyl betaines [RN+(CH3)2CH2CH2CH2SO3-]. Huwandu hwemaatomu ekabhoni muboka realkyl R mumafomula hunobva pa12 kusvika ku18. Sulfobetaines dzine hunhu hwakakwana; hadzina chete mabhenefiti ese ebetaines akajairwa asiwo dzine mabhenefiti akasiyana akadai sekudzivirira kuwanda kwemaacid, alkalis, uye munyu. Parizvino, hydroxy sulfopropyl [RN+(CH3)2CH2CH(OH)CH2SO3-] inoshandiswa kutsiva sulfopropyl betaines, iyo inogadzira zvinhu zvinokuvadza muviri wemunhu panguva yekugadzira. Nekuda kwekuvapo kwemapoka eanionic necationic ane mapoka ehydroxyl muchimiro chawo, haana chete mabhenefiti ese e amphoteric surfactants asiwo anoratidza kuramba kuwanda kwemaacid, alkalis, uye munyu, ane hunhu hwakanaka hwe emulsifying, dispersing, uye antistatic, pamwe nehunhu hwemabhakitiriya, fungi, uye viscoelastic. Aya ma surfactants ane mashandiro akanaka kwazvo uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakasiyana-siyana yakadai semakemikari ezuva nezuva, kusuduruka kwemafuta emumunda, kupwanyika, uye acidizing.

Phospholipid betaine

Boka reanionic riri mumorekuru ndiro boka rephosphate (HPO4-), uye boka recationic ndiro boka re quaternary ammonium. Semuenzaniso, alkyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine [RN+(CH3)2CH2CH(OH)CH2HPO4-], uko boka realkyl R rine maatomu ekabhoni 12 kusvika 18. Maumbirwo aya anoratidza kuti haringori chete nehunyanzvi hwakanaka hweamphoteric surfactants dzakadai se wettability, detergent, solubilization, emulsifying and dispersing properties, antistatic properties, thermal stability, pamwe nekubatana kwakanaka, low irritation, uye mabhenefiti pamusoro peanionic surfactants dzakadai se better alkali resistance, electrolyte resistance, uye antistatic properties, asiwo rine calcium sipo dispersibility yakasimba, low surface tension, uye expective yakanaka yefuro.