Mazhinji emakemikari anogadzirwa nemakemikari anokuvadza nharaunda nekuda kwehurombo hwavo hwekuora biodegradability, chepfu, uye tsika yekuunganidza mune ecosystem. Kusiyana neizvi, mabiological surfactants-anozivikanwa nekusagadzikana kwebiodegradability uye kusave nehuturu kune ecological masisitimu-akanyatsokodzera kudzora kusvibiswa muinjiniya yezvakatipoteredza. Semuenzaniso, vanogona kushanda sevateresi vanoyangarara mumagadzirirwo emvura yetsvina, vachishambadzira pane inochajiswa colloidal particles kuti ibvise simbi ine chepfu, kana kuiswa kunzvimbo dzekugadziridza dzakasvibiswa neorganic compounds uye heavy metals.
1. Zvikumbiro muWastewater Treatment Processes.
Kana uchirapa mvura yetsvina biologically, heavy metal ions inowanzo vhara kana chepfu nharaunda dzetwudiki mumadhaka akaiswa. Naizvozvo, pretreatment kwakakosha kana uchishandisa biological nzira kurapa tsvina ine heavy metal ions. Parizvino, iyo hydroxide precipitation nzira inowanzoshandiswa kubvisa heavy metal ions kubva mumvura ine tsvina, asi kunaya kwayo kwemvura kunogumira nekunyungudika kwe hydroxides, zvichikonzera suboptimal inoshanda mhedzisiro. Nzira dzekufambisa, kune rumwe rutivi, dzinowanzorambidzwa nekuda kwekushandiswa kwevanounganidza flotation (semuenzaniso, makemikari akagadzirwa surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate) ayo akaoma kudzikisira mumatanho anotevera ekurapa, zvichitungamira kutsvina yechipiri. Nekuda kweizvozvo, pane kudikanwa kwekugadzira dzimwe nzira dzinogoneka nyore nyore biodegradable uye kwezvakatipoteredza dzisina chepfu - uye biological surfactants vane izvo zvakanaka izvi.
2. Zvikumbiro muBioremediation.
Mukuita kwekushandisa tupukanana kukonzeresa kushatiswa kwezvinosvibisa organic uye nekudaro kugadzirisa nharaunda dzakasvibiswa, biological surfactants inopa yakakosha mukana wepa-saiti bioremediation yenzvimbo dzakasvibiswa. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti anogona kushandiswa zvakananga kubva kuvirisa broths, kubvisa mutengo une chekuita nekuparadzanisa surfactant, kudhirowa, uye kucheneswa kwechigadzirwa.
2.1 Kuvandudza Kudzikira kweAlkanes.
Alkanes ndiyo inonyanya kuumba petroleum. Munguva yepetroleum yekuongorora, kudhirowa, kutakura, kugadzirisa, uye kuchengetedza, zvisingadzivisike petroleum inobuda inosvibisa ivhu uye pasi pevhu. Kuti ikurumidze kushatisa alkane, kuwedzera biological surfactants kunogona kuwedzera hydrophilicity uye biodegradability yehydrophobic makomisheni, kuwedzera huwandu hwehutachiona, uye nekudaro kunatsiridza mwero wekuparara kwealkanes.
2.2 Kuvandudza Kuparara kwePolycyclic Inonhuhwirira Hydrocarbons (PAHs).
MaPAH akawedzera kutarisisa nekuda kwe "matatu carcinogenic mhedzisiro" (carcinogenic, teratogenic, uye mutagenic). Nyika dzakawanda dzakadzironga sezvinhu zvinosvibisa zvinonyanya kukosha. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kusvibiswa kwemicrobial ndiyo nzira yekutanga yekubvisa maPAH kubva kune zvakatipoteredza, uye kuora kwavo kunoderera sezvo nhamba yebenzene rings inowedzera: maPAH ane zvindori zvitatu kana zvishoma zvinoderedzwa nyore nyore, asi avo vane zvindori zvina kana kupfuura zvakanyanya kuoma kuputsa.
2.3 Kubvisa Muchetura Unorema Metals.
Nzira yekusvibiswa kwechepfu inorema esimbi muvhu inoratidzirwa nekuhwanda, kugadzikana, uye kusadzoreka, zvichiita kuti kugadzirisa kwevhu rinorema-rakasvibiswa nesimbi kutariswe kwenguva refu muzvidzidzo. Nzira dzazvino dzekubvisa simbi dzinorema kubva muvhu dzinosanganisira vitrification, immobilization / stabilization, uye kupisa kwemafuta. Nepo vitrification ichigoneka nehunyanzvi, inosanganisira basa reinjiniya rakakura uye mutengo wakakura. Immobilization maitiro anodzoreredzwa, zvichidikanwa kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa kwekurapa kushanda mushure mekunyorera. Thermal kurapwa kwakakodzera chete volatile heavy metals (semuenzaniso, mercury). Somugumisiro, nzira dzakaderera dzokurapa zvipenyu dzakaona kukura nokukurumidza. Mumakore achangopfuura, vaongorori vakatanga kushandisa ecologically isiri-chepfu biological surfactants kugadzirisa ivhu rine simbi inorema.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-08-2025