Zvichienderana nenzira yekupatsanura makemikari emumunda wemafuta, ma surfactants anoshandiswa mumunda wemafuta anogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvichienderana nekushandiswa mu ma surfactants ekuboorera, ma surfactants ekugadzira, ma surfactants anodzoreredza mafuta, ma surfactants anounganidza/kutakura mafuta negasi, uye ma surfactants ekurapa mvura.
Zvishandiso zveKuboorera
Pakati pezvinhu zvinogadzira mafuta, zvinhu zvinogadzira mafuta (kusanganisira zvinowedzerwa mumvura yekuboora uye zvinowedzerwa simende) ndizvo zvinonyanya kushandiswa—inenge 60% yezvese zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira mafuta. Zvinhu zvinogadzira mafuta, kunyangwe zviri zvishoma muhuwandu, zvave zvetekinoroji, zvichiumba chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chezvese. Mapoka maviri aya akakosha zvikuru mukushandiswa kwemafuta mukugadzira mafuta.
MuChina, tsvakiridzo inotarisa panzvimbo mbiri huru: kuwedzera kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvechinyakare uye kugadzira mapolymer matsva ekugadzira (kusanganisira mamonomers). Pasi rese, tsvakiridzo yekuwedzera mvura yekubhoridha inonyanya kukosha, ichisimbisa mapolymer ekugadzira ane sulfonic acid sehwaro hwezvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana—maitiro angangoumba budiriro yeramangwana. Kubudirira kwakaitwa muzvinoderedza viscosity, zvinhu zvinodzora kurasikirwa kwemvura, uye mafuta. Zvinonyanya kukosha, mumakore achangopfuura, masurfactants epolymeric alcohol ane cloud point effects akashandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzemafuta emuno, zvichigadzira nhevedzano yemasystem epolymeric alcohol drilling fluids. Pamusoro pezvo, methyl glucoside uye glycerin-based drilling fluids zvakaratidza mhedzisiro yakanaka yekushandiswa mumunda, zvichiwedzera kusimudzira masurfactants ekubhoridha. Parizvino, zvinowedzera mvura yekubhoridha zveChina zvinosanganisira mapoka gumi nemasere ane marudzi anopfuura chiuru, nekushandiswa kwegore negore kuri kusvika matani mazana matatu ezviuru.
Zvinhu Zvinogadzira Ma surfactants
Zvichienzaniswa nezvinocherwa, zvinogadzira zvinhu zvinogadzira zvinhu zvishoma mumhando dzakasiyana uye muhuwandu, kunyanya izvo zvinoshandiswa mukuita kuti zvinhu zvive zvine acid uye zvikanganiswe. Mukuita kuti zvinhu zvive zvine acid, tsvakurudzo yezvinoumba zvinhu zvinogadzira gelling inonyanya kutarisa pazvimiti zvakagadziriswa uye cellulose, pamwe chete nemapolymers ekugadzira akadai sepolyacrylamide. Mumakore achangopfuura, kufambira mberi kwenyika dzakawanda mukuita kuti zvinhu zvine acid zviwedzere kuva acid kwave kunonoka, nekutarisa kweR&D kuchinjira kuzvinodzivisa ngurakuti pave neacid. Izvi zvinodzivirira zvinowanzogadzirwa nekushandura kana kusanganisa zvinhu zviripo, nechinangwa chimwe chete chekuona kuti chepfu hachina kana kuti hachina chepfu uye mafuta/mvura inonyunguduka kana kuti mvura inopararira. Zvinodzivirira zvinokonzerwa neamine, quaternary ammonium, uye alkyne alcohol zvakapararira, nepo zvinodzivirira zvinokonzerwa nealdehyde zvakaderera nekuda kwekutya chepfu. Zvimwe zvinhu zvitsva zvinosanganisira dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid complexes ine maamine ane low-molecular-weight (semuenzaniso, ethylamine, propylamine, C8–18 primary amines, oleic diethanolamide), uye acid-in-oil emulsifiers. MuChina, kutsvagurudza pamusoro pemasurfactants ekupwanya uye acidizing fluids kwave kunonoka, nekufambira mberi kushoma kupfuura zvinodzivirira ngura. Pakati pezvigadzirwa zviripo, macompounds akavakirwa paamine (primary, secondary, tertiary, kana quaternary amide uye blends dzawo) anotonga, achiteverwa neimidazoline derivatives seimwe mhando huru ye organic corrosion inhibitors.
Kuunganidza/Kutakura Oiri neGasi
Kutsvagurudza nekugadzira ma surfactants ekuunganidza/kutakura mafuta negasi muChina kwakatanga kuma1960. Nhasi, kune mapoka gumi nemana ane mazana ezvigadzirwa. Ma "crude oil demulsifiers" ndiwo anonyanya kudyiwa, aine kudiwa kwegore negore kwematani angangoita zviuru makumi maviri. China yakagadzira ma "demulsifiers" akagadzirirwa nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemafuta, mazhinji acho achisangana nezvinodiwa pasi rose zvema1990. Zvisinei, ma "pour point depressants", ma "flow improvers", ma "viscosity reducers", uye ma "wax removal/prevention agents" achiri mashoma, kazhinji ari zvigadzirwa zvakasanganiswa. Zvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvemhando dzakasiyana dzemafuta asina kuchena kune aya ma "surfactants" zvinounza matambudziko uye zvinoda zvakawanda pakugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa chitsva.
Mafuta eOiri yekurapa mvura
Makemikoro ekurapa mvura chikamu chakakosha mukugadzirwa kwenzvimbo dzemafuta, uye kushandiswa kwegore negore kunodarika matani 60,000—anenge 40% acho ari ma surfactants. Pasinei nekudiwa kukuru, tsvakiridzo pamusoro pema surfactants ekurapa mvura muChina haina kukwana, uye huwandu hwezvigadzirwa hahuna kukwana. Zvizhinji zvezvigadzirwa zvakagadziriswa kubva mukugadzirwa kwemvura mumaindasitiri, asi nekuda kwekuoma kwemvura yenzvimbo dzemafuta, kushandiswa kwazvo kunowanzova kwakashata, dzimwe nguva kuchikundikana kupa mhedzisiro inotarisirwa. Pasi rese, kugadzirwa kwe flocculant ndiyo nzvimbo inonyanya kushanda mukutsvaga ma surfactants ekurapa mvura, ichibereka zvigadzirwa zvakawanda, kunyangwe zvishoma zvakagadzirirwa kurapwa kwenzvimbo dzemafuta.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-20-2025