Zvinhu Zvinodzora Kugadzikana kweEmulsions
Mukushandiswa kwemaitiro, kugadzikana kwe emulsion kunoreva kugona kwemadonhwe echikamu chakapararira kurwisa kubatana. Pakati pezviyero zvekuyera kugadzikana kwe emulsion, mwero wekubatana pakati pemadonhwe akapararira unonyanya kukosha; zvinogona kutsanangurwa nekuyera kuti huwandu hwemadonhwe pahuwandu hweyuniti hunochinja sei nekufamba kwenguva. Sezvo madonhwe ari mu emulsion achibatana kuita makuru uye pakupedzisira achikonzera kuputsika, kumhanya kwemaitiro aya kunonyanya kuenderana nezvinhu zvinotevera: hunhu hwemuviri hwe interfacial film, electrostatic repulsion pakati pemadonhwe, steric inhibitory kubva kuma polymer films, viscosity yechikamu chinoenderera mberi, saizi yemadonhwe uye kugoverwa, chikamu chevhoriyamu, tembiricha, nezvimwewo.
Pazvinhu izvi, chimiro chemuviri chefirimu remukati memaziso, kudyidzana kwemagetsi, uye kuvharirwa kwesimbi ndizvo zvinonyanya kukosha.
(1) Hunhu hweFirimu reInterfacial
Kuroverana pakati pemadonhwe echikamu chakapararira ndicho chinhu chinodiwa kuti pave nekubatana. Kubatana kunoramba kuchienderera mberi, madonhwe madiki achidzikira kuita makuru kusvika emulsion yatyoka. Munguva yekuroverana nekubatana, simba remuchina refirimu reinterfacial redonhwe rinomira sechiratidzo chikuru chekugadzikana kwe emulsion. Kuti firimu reinterfacial rive nesimba guru remuchina, rinofanira kunge riri firimu rakabatana—mamorekuru ayo e surfactant akabatanidzwa pamwe chete nemasimba akasimba edivi. Firimu rinofanirawo kuva nekusimba kwakanaka, kuitira kuti kana kukuvara kwenzvimbo kukaitika nekuda kwekuroverana kwemadonhwe, rinogona kuzvigadzirisa roga.
(2) Kudyidzana Kwemagetsi
Nzvimbo dzemadonhwe muma emulsions dzinogona kuwana mamwe macharges nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana: ionization yema ionic surfactants, adsorption yema ions chaiwo pamusoro pemadonhwe, kukweshana pakati pemadonhwe nenzvimbo yakapoteredza, nezvimwewo. Mumafuta ari mumvura (O/W) emulsions, kuchaja madonhwe kunoita basa rakakosha mukudzivirira kuungana, kubatana, uye kuputika pakupedzisira. Sekureva kwedzidziso yekugadzikana kwecolloid, van der Waals forces inodhonza madonhwe pamwe chete; asi kana madonhwe aswedera pedyo zvakakwana kuti pamusoro pawo pave nezvikamu zviviri, electrostatic repulsion inodzivirira kuwedzera kuswedera pedyo. Zviri pachena kuti, kana kudzoserwa kukanyanya kupfuura kukwezvana, madonhwe haawanzo kuroverana uye kubatana, uye emulsion inoramba yakadzikama; zvikasadaro, kubatana nekutyoka kunoitika.
Kana iri mvura iri mumafuta (W/O) emulsions, madonhwe emvura haanyanyi kutsvaira, uye nekuti chikamu chinoenderera mberi chine low dielectric constant uye gobvu double layer, electrostatic effects inongokanganisa kugadzikana zvishoma.
(3) Steric Stabilization
Kana mapolymer achishanda se emulsifiers, chikamu che interfacial chinova chakakora zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti donhwe rega rega rive lyophilic shield—chinodzivirira nzvimbo chinotadzisa madonhwe kuswedera pedyo nekubatana. Hunhu hwe lyophilic hwema polymer molecules hunobatawo huwandu hwakawanda hwemvura inoenderera mberi mukati mechikamu chekudzivirira, zvichiita kuti chiite se gel. Nekuda kweizvozvo, nzvimbo ye interfacial inoratidza kuwedzera kwe interfacial viscosity uye viscoelasticity yakanaka, izvo zvinobatsira kudzivirira kusangana kwemadonhwe nekuchengetedza kugadzikana. Kunyangwe kana paine kubatana, ma polymer emulsifiers anowanzo ungana panzvimbo yakaderera mu fibrous kana crystalline form, zvichiita kuti interfacial film iwedzere kusimba uye nokudaro kudzivirira kubatana.
(4) Kufanana kweKupararira kweSaizi yeDonplet
Kana huwandu hwakatarwa hwechikamu chakapararira hukapatsanurwa kuita madonhwe ehukuru hwakasiyana, sisitimu ine madonhwe makuru ine nzvimbo diki yepakati pechiso uye nokudaro simba rakaderera repakati pechiso, zvichiita kuti thermodynamic igare yakasimba. Mu emulsion umo madonhwe ehukuru hukuru nehukuru hudiki anogara pamwe chete, madonhwe madiki anowanzo derera nepo makuru achikura. Kana kufambira mberi uku kukaramba kuchienderera mberi kusina kudzorwa, kuputika kunozoitika pakupedzisira. Nokudaro, emulsion ine kupararira kwehukuru hwemadonhwe hwakati tete, hwakafanana yakagadzikana kupfuura iyo ine avhareji yehukuru hwemadonhwe hwakafanana asi huwandu hwehukuru hwayo hwakafara.
(5) Kupesvedzera kweTembiricha
Kuchinja-chinja kwetembiricha kunogona kuchinja kusimba kweinterfacial, hunhu uye kusimba kweinterfacial film, kunyungudika kwe emulsifier muzvikamu zviviri, kumanikidzwa kwemvura muzvikamu zvemvura, uye kufamba kwekupisa kwemadonhwe akapararira. Kuchinja uku kwese kunogona kukanganisa kugadzikana kwe emulsion uye kunogona kutokonzera kuchinja kana kuputsika kwechikamu.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-27-2025