1. Basic Concepts yePolymer Surfactants
Mapolymer surfactants anoreva zvinhu zvine huremu hwemamorekuru hunosvika pane imwe nhanho (kazhinji kubva pa103 kusvika 106) uye zvine zvimwe zvinhu zvinoshanda-pamusoro. Nechimiro, ivo vanogona kuiswa mu block copolymers, graft copolymers, uye vamwe. Zvichienderana nemhando yeionic, polymer surfactants yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina zvikuru: anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, uye nonionic. Zvinoenderana nekwavanobva, vanogona kuverengerwa seyakasikwa polymer surfactants, yakagadziridzwa mapolymer surfactants echisikigo, uye ekugadzira polymer surfactants.
Kuenzaniswa neakaderera-mamorekuru-huremu surfactants, iwo makuru maitiro emapolymer surfactants ndeaya:
(1) Vane hunyanzvi husina kusimba hwekudzikisa kudhonzerana kwepamusoro uye kwechiso, uye mazhinji haagadzire micelles;
(2) Vane huremu hwemamorekuru hwepamusoro, zvichiita kuti simba rekupinda ripere;
(3) Vanoratidza kusagona kupupa furo, asi mabhuru avanoumba haana kugadzikana;
(4) Vanoratidza simba rekusimudzira rakanakisa;
(5) Vane yakasarudzika yekuparadzira uye yakabatana zvivakwa;
(6) Mazhinji mapolymer surfactants ane muchetura wakaderera.
2. Mabasa Anoshanda ePolymer Surfactants
·Surface Tension
Nekuda kwemaitiro ekutarisisa ezvikamu zvehydrophilic uye hydrophobic zvepolymer surfactants panzvimbo kana nzvimbo, vane kugona kudzikisa kushushikana kwepamusoro uye kwepakati pechiso, kunyangwe kugona uku kunowanzove kwakaderera kune kweakaderera-mamorekuru-huremu surfactants.
Kugona kwema polymer surfactants kudzikisa tension yepasi hakuna kusimba pane iyo yepasi-molecular-weight surfactants, uye basa ravo repamusoro rinodzikira zvakanyanya sezvo huremu hwemamorekuru hunowedzera.
·Emulsification uye Kupararira
Kunyangwe huremu hwavo hwemamorekuru, akawanda emapolymer surfactants anogona kuumba micelles mukati mechikamu chakapararira uye anoratidza yakakosha micelle concentration (CMC), nekudaro vachizadzisa emulsifying mabasa. Chimiro chavo cheamphiphilic chinobvumira chimwe chikamu chemorekuru kushambadza pane chidimbu chepamusoro apo chimwe chikamu chinonyungudika muchikamu chinoenderera (iyo yekuparadzira svikiro). Kana huremu hwepolymer husina kukwirisa zvakanyanya, inoratidza steric chipingamupinyi mhedzisiro, ichigadzira zvipingamupinyi pamusoro pemadonhwe emonomer kana mapolymer particles kudzivirira kuungana kwavo uye kubatana.
·Coagulation
Kana mapolymer surfactants aine huremu hwemamorekuru akakwira zvakanyanya, anogona kushambadza pane akati wandei, achigadzira mabhiriji pakati pawo uye kugadzira flocs, nekudaro kuita sema flocculants.
·Mamwe Mabasa
Mazhinji mapolymer surfactants iwo pachawo haaburitse furo rakasimba, asi exhibit kuchengetedzeka kwemvura kwakasimba uye kugadzikana kwakanyanya kwefuro. Nekuda kwehuremu hwavo hwemamorekuru, ivo zvakare vane epamusoro firimu-kugadzira uye anonamatira zvimiro.
·Solution Behaviour
Maitiro emapolymer surfactants mune anosarudza zvinonyungudutsa: Mazhinji mapolymer surfactants ndeye amphiphilic block kana graft copolymers. Mune zvinonyungudutsa zvinonyungudutsa, maitiro avo ekugadzirisa anonetsa kupfuura aya emamorekuru madiki kana homopolymers. Zvinhu zvakadai semamorekuru chimiro, kureba kwezvikamu zveamphiphilic, kuumbwa, uye zvinonyungudutsa zvimiro zvinopesvedzera mhinduro yavo morphology. Senge yakaderera-molecular-huremu ma surfactants, amphiphilic mapolymers anoderedza kushushikana kwepasi nekushambadza mapoka e hydrophobic pamusoro apa panguva imwe chete achigadzira micelles mukati memhinduro.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-10-2025