1.Surfactants-ka dhoobada deggan
Xasilinta dhoobada waxay ku lug leedahay laba dhinac: ka hortagga bararka macdanta dhoobada iyo ka hortagga socdaalka walxaha macdanta dhoobada ah. Si looga hortago bararka dhoobada, walxaha cationic sida nooca cusbada amine, nooca cusbada ammonium ee quaternary, nooca cusbada pyridinium, iyo nooca cusbada imidazoline ayaa la isticmaali karaa. Si looga hortago socdaalka walxaha macdanta dhoobada ah, waxaa la isticmaali karaa walxaha aan ionic-cationic ahayn ee fluorine-ka ku jira.
2. Surfactants-ka loogu talagalay cabbiraadaha aashitada
Si kor loogu qaado saameynta aashitada, guud ahaan waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in lagu daro waxyaabo kala duwan oo lagu daro xalka aashitada. Surfactant kasta oo la jaanqaadaya xalka aashitada oo si fudud loogu nuugo sameynta waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sidii aashitada celinaysa. Tusaalooyinka waxaa ka mid ah dufanka amine hydrochloride, cusbada aashitada quaternary, iyo milixda pyridinium ee ka mid ah surfactants-ka cationic, iyo sidoo kale sulfonated, carboxymethylated, phosphate-esterified, ama sulfate-esterified polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers oo ka mid ah amphoteric surfactants. Qaar ka mid ah surfactants, sida dodecyl sulfonic acid iyo milixda alkylamine-keeda, waxay emuls ku samayn karaan xalka aashitada ee saliidda si ay u sameeyaan emulsion aashitada-saliidda ku jirta, kaas oo, marka loo isticmaalo dareere shaqeynaya aashitada, sidoo kale door dib u dhac ah ka ciyaara.
Qaar ka mid ah walxaha surfactant-ka ah waxay u dhaqmi karaan sidii kuwa wax ka dila dareeraha aashitada. Waxyaabaha surfactant-ka leh ee leh qaab-dhismeed laamo leh, sida polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene propylene glycol ether iyo polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene pentaethylenehexamine, dhammaantood waxay u adeegi karaan sidii kuwa wax ka dila aashitada.
Qaar ka mid ah surfactants-ka waxay u shaqayn karaan sidii walxo lagu daro nadiifinta aashitada. Surfactants-ka loo isticmaali karo waxyaabaha lagu daro nadiifinta waxaa ka mid ah noocyada cusbada amine, noocyada cusbada ammonium ee quaternary, noocyada cusbada pyridinium, noocyada aan ionic ahayn, noocyada amphoteric, iyo surfactants-ka fluorinated.
Qaar ka mid ah surfactants-ka waxay u dhaqmi karaan sidii aashitada celiya, sida surfactants-ka milma saliidda sida alkyl phenols, acids fatty, alkyl benzene sulfonic acids, iyo cusbada ammonium quaternary. Maadaama milmidooda aashitada ay liidato, surfactants-ka aan ionic ahayn ayaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu kala firdhiyo xalka aashitada.
Si loo hagaajiyo saameynta aashitada, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in lagu daro wakiil dib-u-rogid qoyaan ah xalka aashitada si loo beddelo qoyaanka aagga u dhow ceelka laga bilaabo saliid-qoyan ilaa biyo-qoyan. Isku-darka sida polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene alkyl alcohol ether iyo phosphate-esterified polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene alkyl alcohol ether waxaa nuuga sameynta lakabka nuugista ugu horreeya, taasoo keenta saameynta dib-u-rogid qoyaan.
Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah surfactants, sida dufanka amine hydrochloride, cusbada ammonium quaternary, ama kuwa aan ionic-anionic ahayn, kuwaas oo loo isticmaalo sidii wakiilo xumbo xumeynaya si loo diyaariyo dareerayaasha shaqeeya ee aashitada xumbo, iyagoo gaaraya ujeeddooyinka dib-u-dhigista, joojinta daxalka, iyo aashitada qoto dheer. Taas beddelkeeda, xumbada noocaas ah waxaa loo diyaarin karaa sidii suufyo hore loogu talagalay aashitada, kuwaas oo lagu duriyo sameynta ka hor xalka aashitada. Saamaynta Jamin ee ay keento xumbo ku jirta xumbada ayaa leexin karta xalka aashitada, taasoo ku qasbeysa aashitada inay inta badan milmiso lakabyada hoose ee daloolinta iyo hagaajinta saameynta aashitada.
Waqtiga boostada: Jan-06-2026