Dharka macdanta waa hawl-soo-saar wax-soo-saar ah oo u diyaariya alaabta ceeriin ee dhalada birta iyo warshadaha kiimikada. Sabbaynta maraxdu waxay noqotay mid ka mid ah hababka ugu muhiimsan ee macdanta. Ku dhowaad dhammaan kheyraadka macdanta waxaa lagu kala saari karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo sabeynta.
Sabaynta ayaa hadda si weyn loogu dabaqay farsamaynta macdanta birta ah ee ay ku badan tahay birta iyo manganese, sida hematite, smithsonite, iyo ilmenite; macdano qaali ah sida dahab iyo lacag; Macdanta birta ah ee aan birta ahayn oo ay ku jiraan copper, lead, zinc, cobalt, nikkel, molybdenum, iyo antimony, sida macdanta sulfide sida galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, molybdenite, iyo pentlandite, iyo sidoo kale macdanta oxide sida malachite, cerussite, hemimorphite, cassite, wolfite, wolfite. macdanta cusbada aan biraha ahayn sida fluorite, apatite, iyo barite; iyo macdanta milixda ee milma sida sylvite iyo milixda dhagaxa. Waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa kala-soocidda macdanta aan biraha ahayn iyo silicates, oo ay ku jiraan dhuxusha, graphite, sulfur, diamond, quartz, mica, feldspar, beryl, iyo spodumene.
Sabuulku waxa uu soo ururiyay waayo-aragnimo ballaadhan oo dhinaca farsamaynta macdanta ah, oo leh horumar tignoolajiyadeed oo joogto ah. Xataa macdanaha heerka hoose iyo qaabdhismeedka isku dhafan ee hore loogu tixgalin jiray in aan warshadayn laga faa'iidaysan karin hadda waa la soo ceshan karaa oo laga faa'iidaysan karaa (sida khayraadka labaad) iyada oo loo marayo sabbaynta.
Marka ay kheyraadka macdantu noqdaan kuwa sii caato ah, oo macdan faa'iido leh loo qaybiyo si aad u qurux badan oo kala duwan oo macdan ah, dhibka kala-soocida ayaa kordha. Si loo dhimo kharashka wax soo saarka, warshadaha sida biraha iyo kiimikooyinka waxay u baahan yihiin heerar tayo sare leh iyo saxnaanta alaabta ceeriin ee warshadaysan, ie, alaabta kala soocan.
Dhinac, waxaa loo baahan yahay in tayada la hagaajiyo; Dhanka kale, sabeynta ayaa si sii kordheysa u muujisa faa'iidooyinka hababka kale ee wax looga qabanayo caqabadaha macdanta-cagaaran ee ay adagtahay in la kala saaro. Waxay noqotay habka ugu isticmaalka badan uguna rajo badan habka macdanta maanta. Markii hore lagu dabaqay macdanta sulfide, sabaynta ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah ugu fiday macdanta oksaydhka, macdanta aan birta ahayn, iyo kuwa kale. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, balaayiin tan oo macdan ah ayaa sannad walba lagu farsameeyaa sabbaynta adduunka oo dhan.
Tobannaankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, adeegsiga tignoolajiyada sabbeynta kuma koobna injineernimada farsamaynta macdanta laakiin waxa ay ku baahday ilaalinta deegaanka, biraha, samaynta waraaqaha, beeraha, kiimikooyinka, cuntada, agabka, dawooyinka, iyo bayoolaji.
Tusaale ahaan, sabaynta waxaa loo isticmaalaa in laga soo kabsado qaybaha waxtarka leh ee alaabta dhexdhexaadka ah ee pyrometallurgy, volatiles, iyo slags; si looga soo kabsado haraaga leach iyo alaabta degdega ah ee hydrometallurgiga; si loo deinking waraaqaha dib loo warshadeeyay iyo fiber ka soo kabashada dareeraha qashinka saxarka ee warshadaha kiimikada; iyo in laga soo saaro saliid cayriin oo culus oo laga soo saaro ciid webiyada, kala soocida wasakhaha yar yar ee adag, kolloidyada, bakteeriyada, iyo wasakhda birta ah ee wasakhda, kuwaas oo ah codsiyada caadiga ah ee injineernimada deegaanka.
Marka la horumariyo hababka sabbaynta iyo hababka, iyo sidoo kale soo ifbaxa cusub iyo qalabka reagen ee sabaynta sabaynta, sabbaynaya waxay ka heli doontaa codsiyo balaadhan oo ka mid ah warshadaha iyo beeraha badan. Waxaa muhiim ah in la ogaado in isticmaalka hababka sabbeynta ay ku lug leedahay kharashyada wax-soo-saarka sare sababtoo ah reagents (marka loo eego kala-soocidda magnetic iyo cufnaanta); shuruudaha adag ee cabbirka walxaha quudinta; arrimo badan oo saameyn ku leh habka sabbeynta, dalbanaya saxnaanta tignoolajiyada sare; iyo biyaha wasakhda ah oo ay ku jiraan reagen haraaga ah oo waxyeelo u geysan kara deegaanka.
Waqtiga boostada: Agoosto-26-2025