Surfactants-ka Amphoteric waa surfactants-ka ka kooban labada kooxood ee anionic hydrophilic iyo kooxaha cationic hydrophilic ee isla molecule-ka. Astaamahooda ugu muhiimsan ayaa ah inay labadaba ku deeqi karaan oo aqbali karaan protons-ka. Waxay leeyihiin astaamahan soo socda inta lagu jiro isticmaalka: Surfactants-ka Amphoteric guud ahaan waxay leeyihiin waxqabad wanaagsan oo ku saabsan dhaqidda, kala firdhinta, emulsifying, nadiifinta, jilcinta fiilooyinka, iyo antistatic, waxaana loo isticmaali karaa sida kaaliyeyaal dhammaystirka dharka, kaaliyeyaal rinjiyeyn, kala firdhiya saabuunta calcium, surfactants-ka nadiifinta qalalan, iyo ka hortagga miridhka birta, iwm. Waxay leeyihiin jilicsanaan aad u fiican, simanaan, iyo sifooyin ka hortag ah oo loogu talagalay dharka; sifooyin gaar ah oo bakteeriyada dila iyo caaryada joojiya; iyo sifooyin wanaagsan oo emulsifying iyo kala firdhiya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, noocan surfactant-ka ah waa mid qaali ah, baaxadda codsigiisa dhabta ahna waa ka yar tahay noocyada kale ee surfactants-ka. Waa surfactant khafiif ah. Si ka duwan surfactants-ka anionic ama cationic ee keli ah, molecules-ka amphoteric surfactant-ka waxay leeyihiin labadaba kooxo aashito iyo aasaasi ah oo ku yaal hal dhinac oo molecule ah. Kooxaha aashitada leh badankood waa kooxaha carboxyl, sulfonic acid, ama fosfate, halka kooxaha aasaasiga ah ay yihiin kooxaha amino ama quaternary ammonium. Waxaa lagu qasi karaa surfactants anionic iyo nonionic waxayna u adkaystaan asiidhyada, alkalis, cusbada, iyo milixda birta dhulka alkaline.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, surfactants-ka synthetic-ga ee badanaa la isticmaalo waxay leeyihiin kooxo carboxylate ah oo ah qaybo anionic ah, iyadoo dhowr ay leeyihiin kooxo sulfonate ah; qaybo cationic-gooda badanaa waa cusbada amine ama cusbada ammonium ee quaternary. Kuwa leh cusbada amine sida qaybaha cationic waxaa loo yaqaan nooca amino acid; kuwa leh cusbada ammonium ee quaternary sida qaybaha cationic waxaa loo yaqaan nooca betaine.
- Nooca aashitada amino
Xalka biyaha ee surfactants-ka nooca amino acid-ka ah waa alkaline. Marka si tartiib ah loogu daro hydrochloric acid iyadoo la walaaqayo, ma jiro wax isbeddel ah marka xalku noqdo mid dhexdhexaad ah. Soo-baxa wuxuu sameysmaa marka xalku noqdo mid yar oo aashito ah. Haddii aashito hydrochloric ah oo dheeraad ah lagu daro si xalka looga dhigo mid aashito leh, soo-baxa ayaa mar kale milma. Tani waxay muujinaysaa inay u dhaqanto sida surfactant anionic ah oo ku jira jawi alkaline ah iyo sida surfactant cationic ah oo ku jira jawi aashito leh. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka sifooyinka cationic iyo anionic si sax ah loogu dheellitiro barta isoelectric, hydrophilicity way yaraataa, taasoo keenta sameynta soo-baxa. Anion-ka ku jira molecule-ku waa koox carboxyl ah, cation-kuna waa cusbo aamooniyam ah. Noocan surfactant wuxuu muujiyaa hawlo dusha sare ah oo kala duwan oo leh isbeddello ku yimaada pH-ga dhexdhexaadka ah. Tusaale ahaan, asiidhka dodecylaminopropionic (C12H25N+H2CH2CH2COO-) waxaa loo rogi karaa sodium dodecylaminopropionate (C12H25NHCH2CH2COO-Na+) oo ku jira dhexdhexaad sodium hydroxide ah, isagoo u dhaqma sidii asiidhka anionic ee biyaha ku milma. Dhexdhexaad hydrochloric acid ah, waxaa loo rogi karaa cusbo hydrochloride ah oo ah asiidhka dodecylaminopropionic [(C12H25N+H2CH2CH2COOH)Cl-], isagoo u dhaqma sidii asiidhka cationic ee biyaha ku milma. Haddii pH-ga dhexdhexaadka ah la hagaajiyo si kharashyada togan iyo kuwa taban ay si sax ah isugu dheellitiraan, waxaa loo rogaa cusbo gudaha ah (C12H25N+H2CH2CH2COO-), kaas oo si liidata ugu milma biyaha oo soo daata. pH-ga waqtigan waxaa loo yaqaan barta isoelectric. Si buuxda loogu sameeyo saameynta asiidhka amphoteric-ka ah ee amino acid-ka ah, waa in loo isticmaalaa xalalka biyaha leh oo leh pH ka leexanaya barta isoelectric. Alaabada ceeriin ee caadiga ah ee loo isticmaalo diyaarinta surfactants-ka nooca amino acid-ka ah waxaa ka mid ah amines-ka aliphatic primary-ka sare, methyl acrylate (fiiri esters-ka acrylate), acrylonitrile, iyo chloroacetic acid.
- Bnooca etaine
Noocyada amphoteric-ga nooca Betaine waxay leeyihiin astaamaha ugu weyn ee ah inay ku milmaan xalalka biyaha haddii ay yihiin aashito, dhexdhexaad ah ama alkaline. Xitaa ma soo daadanayaan marka ay gaaraan meesha isoelectric-ga. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay sidoo kale leeyihiin sifooyin wanaagsan sida permeability, saabuunta iyo waxqabadka ka hortagga joogtada ah. Sidaa darteed, waa emulsifiers iyo jilciyeyaal wanaagsan.
Kaarboxybetaine
Anion-ka ku jira molecule-ku waa koox karboksil ah, kaadhkuna waa koox ammonium ah oo quaternary ah. Tusaale ahaan, alkyl dimethyl betaine [RN+(CH3)2CH2COO-], halkaas oo kooxda alkyl R ay leedahay 12 ilaa 18 atamka kaarboon. Marka la barbardhigo noocyada amino acid-ka, noocyada betaine waxay ku milmi karaan biyaha warbaahinta aashitada, dhexdhexaadka ah, ama alkaline-ka, mana soo daadanayaan xitaa barta isoelectric-ka, sidaa darteed waxaa loo isticmaali karaa xalalka biyaha leh pH kasta. Warbaahinta aashitada ah, marka pH-ka barta isoelectric-ka uu hooseeyo, waxay u dhaqantaa sidii surfactant cationic-ka oo biyo ku milma [[RN+(CH3)2CH2COOH]Cl-]; warbaahinta dhexdhexaadka ah ama alkaline-ka ah, tusaale ahaan, marka pH-gu la mid yahay ama ka sarreeyo barta isoelectric-ka, waxay u dhaqantaa sidii surfactant amphoteric-ka oo biyo ku milma mana u dhaqanto sidii surfactant anionic ah. Surfactants-ka Amphoteric-ka waxay u muuqdaan inay sameeyaan daadad leh surfactants anionic oo keliya warbaahinta aashitada ah. Waxaa loo isticmaali karaa iyadoo lagu darayo nooc kasta oo surfactant ah oo ku jira warbaahinta oo leh qiime pH oo kala duwan. Alaabada ceeriin ee caadiga ah ee loo isticmaalo diyaarinta surfactants nooca betaine waxaa ka mid ah alkyl dimethyl tertiary amines iyo sodium chloroacetate, iwm.
Sulfobetaine
Kooxda anionic ee ku jirta molecule-ka waa kooxda sulfo (SO3-), kooxda cationic-na waa kooxda ammonium ee quaternary. Kuwa sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo waa alkyl dimethyl sulfonethyl betaines [RN+(CH3)2CH2CH2SO3-] iyo alkyl dimethyl sulfopropyl betaines [RN+(CH3)2CH2CH2CH2SO3-]. Tirada atamka kaarboon ee ku jira kooxda alkyl R ee qaacidooyinka waxay u dhaxaysaa 12 ilaa 18. Sulfobateines waxay leeyihiin sifooyin dhammaystiran; ma aha oo kaliya inay leeyihiin dhammaan faa'iidooyinka betaine-ka caadiga ah laakiin sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin faa'iidooyin gaar ah sida iska caabbinta heerarka sare ee asiidhyada, alkali, iyo cusbada. Hadda, hydroxy sulfopropyl [RN+(CH3)2CH2CH(OH)CH2SO3-] waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu beddelo sulfopropyl betaines, kuwaas oo soo saara walxo waxyeello u leh jirka aadanaha inta lagu jiro wax soo saarka. Sababo la xiriira joogitaanka kooxaha anionic iyo cationic oo leh kooxaha hydroxyl qaab-dhismeedkooda, ma aha oo kaliya inay leeyihiin dhammaan faa'iidooyinka surfactants amphoteric laakiin sidoo kale waxay muujiyaan iska caabin xoog badan oo asiidhyo, alkalis, iyo cusbo ah, emulsifying wanaagsan, firdhinta, iyo sifooyinka ka hortagga joogtada ah, iyo sidoo kale sifooyinka bakteeriyada dila, antifungal, iyo viscoelastic. Waa surfactants leh waxqabad guud oo heer sare ah waxaana si ballaaran loogu isticmaalay meelo kala duwan sida kiimikooyinka maalinlaha ah, barakicinta saliidda goobta saliidda, jabitaanka, iyo aashitada.
Betaine-ka fosfolipid
Kooxda anionic ee ku jirta molecule-ka waa kooxda fosfate (HPO4-), kooxda cationic-na waa kooxda ammonium ee quaternary. Tusaale ahaan, alkyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine [RN+(CH3)2CH2CH(OH)CH2HPO4-], halkaas oo kooxda alkyl R ay leedahay 12 ilaa 18 atamka kaarboon. Qaab-dhismeedkani wuxuu go'aaminayaa inaysan lahayn oo keliya sifooyinka ugu fiican ee surfactants amphoteric sida qoyaanka, saabuunta, milmida, emulsifying iyo kala firdhinta, hantida antistatic, xasilloonida kulaylka, iyo sidoo kale iswaafajinta wanaagsan, cuncun hooseeya, iyo faa'iidooyinka ka badan surfactants guud ee anionic sida iska caabinta alkali ee wanaagsan, iska caabinta elektrolytka, iyo hantida antistatic, laakiin sidoo kale waxay leedahay kala firdhinta saabuunta calcium ee xooggan, xiisadda dusha sare ee hoose, iyo waxqabadka xumbo aad u fiican.
Waqtiga boostada: Febraayo-04-2026