Kuwo badan oo kiimiko ah oo lagu farsameeyay dusha sare waxay waxyeeleeyaan deegaanka deegaanka sababtoo ah bayolojigooda liita, sunta, iyo u janjeersiga inay ku ururaan hab-nololeedyada deegaanka. Taas bedelkeeda, noolayaasha noole-oo lagu sifeeyay hab-nololeedka fudud iyo sun la'aanta nidaamyada deegaanka-ayaa ku habboon xakamaynta wasakheynta injineernimada deegaanka. Tusaale ahaan, waxay u adeegi karaan sidii ururiyeyaal sabbaynaya hababka daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah, ku dhejinta walxaha kolloidal ee la soo dallacay si ay meesha uga saaraan ion birta sunta ah, ama waxaa lagu dabaqi karaa hagaajinta goobaha ay wasakheeyeen isku-dhafka dabiiciga ah iyo biraha culus.
1. Codsiyada Hababka Daawaynta Biyaha Qashinka?
Marka si bayooloji ah loola dhaqmo biyaha wasakhda ah, iions biraha culus waxay inta badan joojiyaan ama sumeeyaan bulshooyinka microbial-ka ah ee ku jira sludge firfircoon. Sidaa darteed, ka horraysigu waa lama huraan marka la isticmaalayo hababka noolaha si loo daweeyo biyaha wasakhda ah ee ay ku jiraan ayoonnada biraha culus. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, habka roobka hydroxide waxaa caadi ahaan loo isticmaalaa in laga saaro biraha culus ee birta ah ee biyaha wasakhda ah, laakiin waxtarkeeda roobabku waxay xaddidan yihiin milanka hydroxides, taasoo keentay saameyn hoose oo la taaban karo. Hababka sabbeynta, dhanka kale, inta badan waa la xaddidaa iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay adeegsiga ururiyeyaasha sabbeynta (tusaale, kiimikaad farsamaysan ee surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate) oo ay adag tahay in ay hoos u dhigto marxaladaha daawaynta ee xigta, taasoo horseedda wasakhda labaad. Sidaa awgeed, waxaa jirta baahi loo qabo in la soo saaro beddelaadyo si fudud u noolayn kara iyo deegaan ahaan aan sun ahayn-iyo kuwa noolaha noolaha ah ayaa si sax ah u leh faa'iidooyinkan.
2. Codsiyada ku jira Bioremediation?
Inta lagu jiro habka loo isticmaalo microorganisms si loo kiciyo xaalufka wasakhowga organic ka dibna lagu hagaajiyo bay'ada wasakhaysan, noolayaasha noole waxay bixiyaan awood la taaban karo oo ku saabsan bioremediation-ka noole ee goobaha organic ahaan wasakhaysan. Tani waa sababta oo ah waxaa si toos ah looga faa'iidaysan karaa maraq halsano, baabi'inta kharashyada la xidhiidha kala-soocidda surfactant, soo saarista, iyo sifaynta alaabta.
2.1 Kobcinta Nabaad-guurka ee Alkanes?
Alkanes waa qaybaha aasaasiga ah ee batroolka. Inta lagu jiro sahaminta batroolka, soo saarista, gaadiidka, farsamaynta, iyo kaydinta, dareeraha batroolka ee lama huraanka ah wuxuu wasakheeyaa ciidda iyo biyaha dhulka hoostiisa. Si loo dardar geliyo xaalufka alkane, ku darida surfactants noolaha waxay kor u qaadi kartaa hydrophilicity iyo biodegradability ee xeryahooda hydrophobic, kordhiyo dadweynaha microbial, oo sidaas daraaddeed wanaajiyo heerka xaalufka ee alkanes.
2.2 Kobcinta nabaad-guurka Hydrocarbons aromatic Polycyclic (PAHs);
PAHs ayaa soo jiidatay dareenka sii kordhaya sababtoo ah "saddex saameynood oo kansar ah" (carcinogenic, teratogenic, iyo mutagenic). Wadamo badan ayaa u kala saaray inay yihiin kuwa wasakhaysan mudnaanta leh. Daraasaduhu waxay muujiyeen in nabaad-guurka microbial uu yahay dariiqa aasaasiga ah ee looga saaro PAH-yada deegaanka, iyo hoos u dhacooda hoos u dhaca marka tirada giraangiraha benzene ay korodho: PAHs oo leh saddex ama ka yar siddo si fudud ayaa loo jajabiyaa, halka kuwa leh afar ama in ka badan oo siddo ah ay aad ugu adag tahay inay jebiyaan.
2.3 Ka saarida Biraha Culus ee Sunta ah?
Habka wasakheynta biraha culus ee sunta ah ee carrada waxaa lagu gartaa qarinta, xasiloonida, iyo dib-u-noqosho la'aanta, taasoo ka dhigaysa hagaajinta ciidda wasakhaysan ee culus cilmi-baaris dheer oo diiradda lagu saaray tacliinta. Hababka hadda jira ee biraha culus looga saarayo ciidda waxaa ka mid ah vitrification, dhaqdhaqaaq la'aan/dejinta, iyo daaweynta kulaylka. Iyadoo vitrification farsamo ahaan la heli karo, waxay ku lug leedahay shaqo injineer oo la taaban karo iyo kharashyo badan. Nidaamyada dhaqdhaqaaq-la'aanta waa kuwo dib loo rogi karo, taasoo u baahan in si joogto ah loola socdo waxtarka daaweynta codsiga ka dib. Daawaynta kulaylku waxay ku habboon tahay oo keliya biraha culus ee kacsan (tusaale, meerkuri). Natiijo ahaan, hababka daaweynta bayoolojiga ee jaban ayaa arkay horumar degdeg ah. Sanadihii ugu dambeeyay, cilmi-baarayaashu waxay bilaabeen isticmaalka maaddooyinka noolaha ee aan sunta ahayn ee noolaha si ay u hagaajiyaan ciidda wasakhaysan ee culus.
Waqtiga post: Seb-08-2025