Duufaanta badan ee kiimikada lagu sameeyay waxay waxyeeleeyaan deegaanka deegaanka sababtoo ah bayoolaji ahaan liidata, sunta, iyo u janjeersiga inay ku ururaan nidaamyada deegaanka. Taas bedelkeeda, dulfuulayaasha bayoolojiga ah - oo lagu garto bayoolaji ahaan fudud iyo sun la'aanta nidaamyada deegaanka - ayaa si fiican ugu habboon xakamaynta wasakhowga injineernimada deegaanka. Tusaale ahaan, waxay u adeegi karaan sidii ururiyayaal sabeynaya hababka daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah, iyagoo nuugaya walxaha kolloidal ee la dallacay si looga saaro ion-yada birta sunta ah, ama lagu dabaqo goobaha ay wasakheeyeen isku-dhafka dabiiciga ah iyo biraha culus.
1. Codsiyada Habraacyada Daaweynta Biyaha Qashinka ah
Marka biyaha wasakhda lagu daaweeyo bayooloji ahaan, ayoonada birta culus waxay inta badan joojiyaan ama sumeeyaan bulshooyinka microbial ee ku jira dhoobada firfircoon. Sidaa darteed, daaweynta ka hor waa lama huraan marka la isticmaalayo hababka bayoolojiga si loogu daaweeyo biyaha wasakhda ah ee ay ku jiraan ayoonada birta culus. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, habka roobka hydroxide waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa in laga saaro ayoonada birta culus ee biyaha wasakhda ah, laakiin waxtarkeeda roobka waxaa xaddidaya milmida hydroxides, taasoo keenta saameyn aan fiicnayn oo wax ku ool ah. Dhanka kale, hababka sabeynta ayaa badanaa xaddidan sababtoo ah isticmaalka ururiyaha sabeynta (tusaale ahaan, sodium dodecyl sulfate oo kiimiko ahaan loo sameeyay) kuwaas oo ay adag tahay in la burburiyo marxaladaha daaweynta ee xiga, taasoo horseedaysa wasakheyn labaad. Sidaas darteed, waxaa loo baahan yahay in la sameeyo beddelaadyo si fudud u burburi kara oo deegaan ahaan aan sun ahayn - iyo ayoonada bayoolojiga ayaa si sax ah u leh faa'iidooyinkan.
2. Codsiyada ku jira Bioremediation
Inta lagu guda jiro isticmaalka noolaha yaryar si loo kiciyo burburka wasakhowga dabiiciga ah sidaas darteedna loo hagaajiyo deegaannada wasakhaysan, walxaha sunta ah ee bayoolojiga ah waxay bixiyaan awood weyn oo lagu hagaajin karo goobaha wasakhaysan ee dabiiciga ah. Tani waa sababta oo ah waxaa si toos ah looga isticmaali karaa maraqa halsano, taasoo meesha ka saaraysa kharashyada la xiriira kala soocidda sunta, soo saarista, iyo nadiifinta badeecada.
2.1 Horumarinta Xumeynta Alkanes
Alkanes waa qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee batroolka. Inta lagu jiro sahaminta, soo saarista, rarista, habaynta, iyo kaydinta, dheecaanka batroolka ee lama huraanka ah wuxuu wasakheeyaa ciidda iyo biyaha dhulka hoostiisa. Si loo dedejiyo burburka alkane, ku darista walxaha bayoolojiga ah waxay kor u qaadi kartaa hydrophilicity iyo biogradability ee isku-dhafka hydrophobic, waxay kordhin kartaa tirada microbial, sidaas darteedna waxay hagaajin kartaa heerka burburka alkanes.
2.2 Kobcinta Burburka Haydarokarboonnada Udgoon ee Polycyclic (PAHs);
PAH-yada waxay soo jiidatay dareen sii kordhaya sababtoo ah "saddexda saameyn ee kansarka keena" (kansarka keena, keena kansarka, iyo isbeddelka unugyada). Dalal badan ayaa u kala saaray inay yihiin wasakhowga mudnaanta leh. Daraasaduhu waxay muujiyeen in burburka microbial-ku uu yahay wadada ugu muhiimsan ee looga saarayo PAH-yada deegaanka, burburkooduna uu hoos u dhaco marka tirada giraanta benzene ay korodho: PAH-yada leh saddex ama ka yar giraanta si fudud ayaa loo baabi'iyaa, halka kuwa leh afar ama ka badan giraanta ay aad u adag tahay in la burburiyo.
2.3 Ka saarista Birta culus ee sunta ah
Habka wasakheynta biraha culus ee sunta ah ee ciidda waxaa lagu gartaa qarinta, xasilloonida, iyo dib-u-noqoshada, taasoo ka dhigaysa dib-u-habaynta ciidda wasakhaysan ee birta culus diiradda cilmi-baarista muddada dheer ee akadeemiyadda. Hababka hadda jira ee looga saarayo biraha culus ciidda waxaa ka mid ah nadiifinta, joojinta/xasilloonida, iyo daaweynta kulaylka. In kasta oo nadiifinta ay farsamo ahaan suurtogal tahay, haddana waxay ku lug leedahay shaqo injineernimo oo muhiim ah iyo kharashyo badan. Hawsha joojinta waa la celin karaa, taasoo u baahan la socodka joogtada ah ee waxtarka daaweynta ka dib codsiga. Daaweynta kulaylka waxay ku habboon tahay oo keliya biraha culus ee kacsan (tusaale ahaan, meerkuriga). Natiijo ahaan, hababka daaweynta bayoolojiga ee qiimaha jaban ayaa arkay horumar degdeg ah. Sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, cilmi-baarayaashu waxay bilaabeen inay isticmaalaan surfactants bayooloji ah oo aan sun ahayn oo deegaan ahaan ah si ay u hagaajiyaan ciidda wasakhaysan ee birta culus.
Waqtiga boostada: Sebteembar-08-2025