Marka loo eego habka kala-soocidda kiimikooyinka goobta saliidda, surfactants-ka isticmaalka goobta saliidda waxaa loo kala saari karaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo qalabyada qodista, surfactants-soo-saarka, kor-u-qaadayaasha soo-kabashada saliidda, saliidda iyo gaaska ururinta/gaadiidka, iyo surfactants-daweynta biyaha.
Qodista Surfactants?
Waxa ka mid ah mashiinnada dhulka saliidda laga qodayo (oo ay ku jiraan waxyaalaha lagu daro dareeraha qodista iyo waxyaalaha lagu daro sibidhka) ayaa ku xisaabtamaya mugga ugu badan ee isticmaalka-qiyaastii 60% wadarta isticmaalka dhulka saliidda. Wax-soo-saarka wax-soo-saarka, inkasta oo tiro ahaan ay ka yar yihiin, haddana aad ayay u horumarsan yihiin tignoolajiyada, oo ka kooban saddex-meelood meel wadarta guud. Labadan qaybood ayaa muhiimad weyn ku leh codsiyada dhul-beereedka saliidda.
Shiinaha, cilmi-baaristu waxay diiradda saartaa laba qaybood oo waaweyn: kordhinta isticmaalka alaabta ceeriin dhaqameed iyo horumarinta polymers-ka cusub (oo ay ku jiraan monomers). Caalami ahaan, qodista dheecaanka dheeriga ah ee cilmi-baarista waa mid aad u khaas ah, iyada oo xoogga saaraysa kooxda sulfonic acid-ka ka kooban polymers synthetic sida aasaaska alaabooyinka kala duwan - isbeddel ay u badan tahay inuu qaabeeyo horumarka mustaqbalka. Horumaro ayaa lagu sameeyay yareeyayaasha viscosity, wakiilada lumitaanka dareeraha, iyo saliidaha. Waxaa xusid mudan, sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, alkolada polymeric-ka ah ee leh saamaynta dhibicda daruuriga ah ayaa si weyn looga qaatay guud ahaan beeraha saliidda gudaha, iyaga oo sameeyay nidaamyo dareere ah oo alkohol ah oo taxane ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, methyl glucoside iyo dareerayaasha qodista glycerin-ku-saleysan waxay muujiyeen natiijooyin rajo gelin ah oo ku saabsan codsiga goobta, taasoo sii wadey horumarinta qalabka qodista. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxyaabaha lagu daro dareeraha wax qodista ee Shiinaha waxa ay ka kooban yihiin 18 qaybood oo leh in ka badan kun nooc, iyada oo isticmaalka sannadkii uu ku dhow yahay 300,000 oo tan.
Wax soo saarka Surfactants?
Marka la barbar dhigo qodista surfactants, surfactants-soo-saarku way ka yar yihiin noocyo iyo tiro ahaan, gaar ahaan kuwa loo isticmaalo aashitada iyo jebinta. In la jabiyo surfactants, cilmi baaris ku saabsan wakiilada gelling ugu horrayn diiradda saaraya cirridka dhirta dabiiciga ah ee wax laga beddelay iyo cellulose, oo ay weheliyaan polymers synthetic sida polyacrylamide. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, horumarka caalamiga ah ee aashitada dareeraha dareeraha ah ayaa ahaa mid gaabis ah, iyadoo R&D xooga la saarayo dhankadaxalka inhibitorsaashitada. Kahortagayaashan waxaa sida caadiga ah lagu horumariyaa iyadoo wax laga beddelo ama la isku daro alaabta ceeriin ee jirta, iyadoo leh ujeedo guud oo ah hubinta hooseysa ama aan sun ahayn iyo milanka saliidda/biyaha ama kala daadsanaanta biyaha. Amine-ku salaysan, ammonium quaternary, iyo alkyne aalkolada isku-darka ka-hortagga ah ayaa aad u badan, halka aldehyde-ku-saleysan inhibitors-ku ay hoos u dhaceen walaacyada sunta awgeed. Hal abuurka kale waxaa ka mid ah dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid dhismooyin leh amines-molecular-hooseeya (tusaale, ethylamine, propylamine, C8-18 amines aasaasiga ah, oleic diethanolamide), iyo emulsifiers-acid-in-saliid. Dalka Shiinaha, cilmi baadhista surfactants ee jajabinta iyo dareeraha aashitada ayaa dib u dhacay, iyada oo horumar xaddidan laga sameeyay ka hortagga daxalka. Ka mid ah alaabooyinka la heli karo, xeryahooda amine-ku salaysan (primary, secondary, secondary, ama quaternary amides iyo isku darkooda) ayaa xukuma, oo ay ku xigto imidazoline derivatives sida nooc kale oo weyn oo ka mid ah dawooyinka daxalka organic.
Shidaalka iyo Gaas-ku-ururinta/Gaadiidka Surfactants?
Cilmi-baarista iyo horumarinta alaab-qeybiyeyaasha saliidda iyo gaaska ururinta/gaadiidka ee Shiinaha waxay bilaabatay 1960-meeyadii. Maanta, waxaa jira 14 qaybood oo leh boqolaal alaab ah. Nadiifinta saliida ceyriin ayaa ah kuwa ugu badan ee la isticmaalo, iyada oo dalabka sanadlaha ah uu yahay ilaa 20,000 oo tan. Shiinuhu waxa uu soo saaray qalabka hawada ka saaraya ee ku habaysan goobaha saliida ee kala duwan, kuwaas oo qaar badan oo ka mid ahi ay buuxiyeen 1990-yadii heerarka caalamiga ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ku shub dhibco niyad-jabka ah, hagaajinta socodka, yareeyayaasha viscosity-ka, iyo walxaha ka saarista/kahortagga ayaa ah kuwo xadidan, oo u badan alaabooyin la isku daray. Shuruudaha kala duwan ee guryaha saliidda cayriin ee kala duwan ee kuwan surfactants ayaa keenaya caqabado iyo baahida sare ee horumarinta alaabta cusub.
Surfactants Daaweynta Biyaha ee Field Oilfield?
Kiimikooyinka daaweynta biyuhu waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah horumarinta goobaha saliidda, oo leh isticmaalka sanadlaha ah ee ka badan 60,000 tan - qiyaastii 40% kuwaas oo ah surfactants. In kasta oo baahida weyni jirto, cilmi baarista ku saabsan daweynta biyaha ee Shiinaha ayaa ah mid aan ku filneyn, iyo kala duwanaanta badeecada ayaa weli ah mid aan dhameystirneyn. Badeecadaha intooda badan waxaa laga soo minguuriyay daaweynta biyaha warshadaha, laakiin kakanaanta biyaha saliidda awgeed, ku-dhaqankoodu inta badan waa liitaa, mararka qaarkoodna ku guuldareystaan inay keenaan natiijooyin la filayo. Caalami ahaan, horumarinta flocculant waa meesha ugu firfircoon ee daaweynta biyaha ee cilmi-baarista surfactant, oo soo saara badeecooyin badan, inkastoo qaar yar ayaa si gaar ah loogu talagalay daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee saliidda.
Waqtiga boostada: Agoosto-20-2025