Habka loo isticmaalo demulsifiers-ka saliidda cayriin waxay ku salaysan tahay mabda'a wareejinta-dib-u-habaynta-wajiga. Marka lagu daro demulsifier, kala-guurka wejiga ayaa dhaca: surfactants-ka awood u leh inay soo saaraan nooc emulsion ah oo ka soo horjeeda kan uu sameeyay emulsifier (oo loo yaqaan demulsifiers-ka marxaladda dambe) ayaa soo baxa. Demulsifiers-ka noocaas ah waxay la falgalaan emulsifiers-ka hydrophobic si ay u sameeyaan isku-dhafan, taasoo ka qaadaysa emulsifier-ka awooddiisa emulsifying.
Hab kale waa dillaaca filimka is-dhexgalka oo ay sababeen isku dhac. Marka ay jiraan xaalado kuleyl ama kacsanaan ah, qalabka furfura wuxuu fursad badan u leeyahay inuu la kulmo filimka is-dhexgalka ee emulsion-ka, isagoo ku nuugaya ama ka baxaya oo beddelaya qaybo ka mid ah walxaha dusha sare firfircoon, sidaas darteedna uu filimka burburinayo. Tani waxay si weyn u yareyneysaa xasilloonida, taasoo keenta isku-dhafka iyo isku-dhafka taasoo keenta kala-baxa.
Emulsions-ka saliidda cayriin ayaa inta badan ka soo baxa wax soo saarka iyo sifeynta batroolka. Inta badan saliidaha cayriin ee ugu horreeya adduunka waxaa lagu helaa xaalad emulsified ah. Emulsion-ku wuxuu ka kooban yahay ugu yaraan laba dareere oo aan la milan karin, mid ka mid ah oo si fiican loo kala firdhiyey - dhibco qiyaastii 1 μm dhexroor ah - gudaha kan kale.
Mid ka mid ah dareerayaashan badanaa waa biyo, kan kalena badanaa waa saliid. Saliiddu si fiican ayay ugu kala firdhisan tahay biyaha oo emulsion-ku wuxuu noqdaa nooca saliidda biyaha ku jirta (O/W), halkaas oo biyuhu yihiin marxaladda joogtada ah oo saliid lagu shubo marxaladda kala firdhisan. Taas beddelkeeda, haddii saliiddu samayso marxaladda joogtada ah oo ay waraabiso marxaladda kala firdhisan, emulsion-ku waa nooca biyaha ku jira saliidda (W/O)—inta badan emulsions-ka saliidda cayriin waxay ka tirsan yihiin qaybtan dambe.
Molecules-ka biyuhu way is soo jiitaan, sida molecules-ka saliidda; haddana inta u dhaxaysa molecules-ka biyaha iyo saliidda waxaa jira xoog diidmo ah oo firfircoon oo ku jira is-dhexgalkooda. Xiisadda dusha sare waxay yareysaa aagga is-dhexgalka, sidaa darteed dhibcaha ku jira emulsion-ka W/O waxay u janjeeraan inay ku wareegaan dhul-beereedka. Intaa waxaa dheer, dhibcaha shaqsiga ah waxay doorbidaan isku-darka, oo aagga guud ee dusha sare uu ka yar yahay wadarta meelaha dhibcaha gaarka ah. Sidaa darteed, emulsion-ka biyaha saafiga ah iyo saliidda saafiga ah si dabiici ah uma deggana: wejiga kala firdhisan wuxuu u janjeeraa isku-darka, isagoo sameeya laba lakab oo kala go'an marka la iska caabiyo repulsion-ka is-dhexgalka - tusaale ahaan, iyadoo la ururinayo kiimikooyin gaar ah oo ku yaal is-dhexgalka, kaas oo yareeya xiisadda dusha sare. Tiknoolajiyadda ahaan, codsiyo badan ayaa saameeya saameyntan iyagoo ku daraya emulsifiers caan ah si ay u soo saaraan emulsions deggan. Walax kasta oo xasilisa emulsion-ka habkan waa inay lahaataa qaab-dhismeed kiimiko ah oo awood u siinaya is-dhexgal isku mar ah oo ay la yeeshaan molecules-ka biyaha iyo saliidda labadaba - taasi waa, waa inay ku jirtaa koox hydrophilic ah iyo koox hydrophobic ah.
Emulsions-ka saliidda cayriin waxay xasilloonidooda ka helaan walxaha dabiiciga ah ee ku jira saliidda, kuwaas oo inta badan wata kooxo cidhif ah sida carboxyl ama kooxo phenolic ah. Kuwaas waxay u jiri karaan sidii xalal ama kala firdhis kolloidal ah, iyagoo saameyn gaar ah ku leh marka lagu xidho is-dhexgalka. Xaaladaha noocaas ah, walxaha badankood waxay ku kala firdhiyaan marxaladda saliidda waxayna ku ururaan is-dhexgalka saliidda iyo biyaha, iyagoo dhinac dhinac ula jaanqaadaya kooxahooda cidhifyada ah ee u janjeedha biyaha. Sidaas darteed, lakab isku-xidhan oo jireed oo deggan ayaa sameysma, oo la mid ah gogol adag oo u eg lakab qashin ah ama shabag paraffin crystal ah. Indhaha qaawan, tani waxay u muuqataa sidii dahaadh ku duuban lakabka is-dhexgalka. Habkani wuxuu sharxayaa gabowga emulsions-ka saliidda cayriin iyo dhibka jabintooda.
Sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, cilmi-baaris ku saabsan farsamooyinka nadiifinta emulsion-ka saliidda cayriin ayaa inta badan diiradda saartay baaritaan heer sare ah oo ku saabsan hababka isku-dhafka dhibcaha iyo saameynta demulsifiers-ka ee sifooyinka isku-dhafka ah ee wajiga. Haddana maadaama ficilka demulsifiers-ka ee emulsions-ku uu aad u adag yahay, inkastoo daraasado ballaaran laga sameeyay goobtan, ma jirin aragti mideysan oo ku saabsan habka nadiifinta.
Dhowr farsamo ayaa hadda la aqoonsan yahay:
③ Habka milmida - Hal molecule ama dhowr molecules oo ka mid ah milmilada ayaa samayn kara micelles; gariiradahan macromolecular ama micelles-ku waxay milmaan molecules-ka emulsifier-ka, taasoo kicisa burburka saliidda cayriin ee emulsified.
④ Habka laalaaban ee isbeddelka - Indha-indhaynta mikroskoobka ayaa muujinaysa in emulsions-ka W/O ay leeyihiin qolof biyood oo labanlaab ah ama badan, iyadoo qolof saliideedu ay dhexdooda ku dheggan yihiin. Saamaynta isku dhafan ee kulaylinta, walaaqidda, iyo ficilka baabi'inta, lakabyada gudaha ee dhibcaha ayaa isku xiran, taasoo horseedaysa isku-darka dhibcaha iyo burburinta.
Intaa waxaa dheer, cilmi-baaris gudaha ah oo ku saabsan hababka kala-soocidda ee nidaamyada saliidda cayriin ee O/W ee la emulsed waxay soo jeedinaysaa in kala-soocidda ku habboon ay tahay inay buuxiso shuruudahan soo socda: firfircooni dusha sare oo xooggan; waxqabad qoyn wanaagsan; awood ku filan oo isku-dhafan; iyo awood wax ku ool ah oo isku-darka.
Noocyada kala-baxa waxay ku yimaadaan noocyo badan; waxaa lagu kala saaraa noocyada surfactant, waxaana ka mid ah noocyada cationic, anionic, nonionic, iyo zwitterionic.
Waxyaabaha aan lahayn walxaha aan lahayn walxaha: carboxylates, sulfonates, polyoxyethylene fatty acid sulfate esters, iwm. -- khasaaraha waxaa ka mid ah qiyaasta sare, waxtarka liita, iyo u nuglaanshaha waxqabadka oo yaraada marka ay jiraan elektrolaytyo.
Waxyaabaha lagu nadiifiyo ee loo yaqaan 'cationic demulsifiers': inta badan cusbada ammonium ee quaternary - waxay waxtar u leedahay saliidaha fudud laakiin kuma habboona saliidaha culus ama duugoobay.
Demulsifiers-ka aan ionic ahayn: copolymer-yada baloogga ah ee ay bilaabeen amines; copolymer-yada baloogga ah ee ay bilaabeen alkohol; copolymer-yada baloogga resin-ka alkylphenol-formaldehyde; copolymer-yada baloogga resin-ka phenol-amine-formaldehyde; demulsifiers-ka ku salaysan silikoon; demulsifiers-ka miisaanka molecular-ka ee aadka u sarreeya; polyphosphates; copolymer-yada baloogga ee wax laga beddelay; iyo demulsifiers-ka zwitterionic oo ay matalaan demulsifiers-ka saliidda cayriin ee ku salaysan imidazoline.
Waqtiga boostada: Diseembar-04-2025