Maxaad ka taqaanaa polymer surfactants

1. Fikradaha Aasaasiga ah ee Daloolada Polymer-ka

Surfactants-ka polymer-ka waxaa loola jeedaa walxaha leh miisaan molecular ah oo gaaraya heer gaar ah (badanaa u dhexeeya 103 ilaa 106) oo leh sifooyin gaar ah oo dusha sare firfircoon. Qaab-dhismeed ahaan, waxaa loo kala saari karaa copolymers-ka block, copolymers-ka graft, iyo kuwa kale. Iyada oo ku saleysan nooca ionic, surfactants-ka polymer-ka waxaa loo qaybiyaa afar qaybood oo waaweyn: anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, iyo nonionic. Sida laga soo xigtay asalkooda, waxaa loo kala saari karaa surfactants-ka polymer-ka dabiiciga ah, surfactants-ka polymer-ka dabiiciga ah ee wax laga beddelay, iyo surfactants-ka polymer-ka ee synthetic-ka ah.

Marka la barbardhigo surfactants-ka miisaanka yar ee molecular-ka, astaamaha ugu muhiimsan ee surfactants-ka polymer-ka waa:

(1) Waxay leeyihiin awood yar oo ay ku yareeyaan xiisadda dusha sare iyo wejiga, badankooduna ma sameeyaan micelles;

(2) Waxay leeyihiin miisaan molecular oo sarreeya, taasoo keenta awood gelinta oo daciif ah;

(3) Waxay muujiyaan awood xumbo oo liidata, laakiin xumbo ay sameeyaan waa kuwo deggan;

(4) Waxay muujiyaan awood aad u wanaagsan oo wax lagu dahaadho;

(5) Waxay leeyihiin sifooyin kala firdhisan oo isku xiran oo heer sare ah;

(6) Inta badan walxaha surfactant-ka ee polymer-ka ah waxay leeyihiin sun yar.

2. Sifooyinka Shaqada ee Polymer Surfactants

· Xiisadda Dusha Sare

Iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay dhaqanka jihada ee qaybaha hydrophilic iyo hydrophobic ee surfactants polymer ee dusha sare ama is-dhexgalka, waxay leeyihiin awood ay ku yareeyaan xiisadda dusha sare iyo is-dhexgalka, in kasta oo awooddani guud ahaan ka hooseyso tan surfactants-ka miisaanka yar ee molecular-ka.

Awoodda surfactants-ka polymer-ka si ay u yareeyaan xiisadda dusha sare waa mid ka liidata tan surfactants-ka miisaanka yar ee molecular-ka, dhaqdhaqaaqooda dusha sarena si weyn ayuu hoos ugu dhacaa marka miisaanka molecular-ku uu kordho.

· Emulsification iyo Fidinta

Iyadoo ay jiraan miisaankooda sare ee molecular-ka, surfactants badan oo polymer ah ayaa samayn kara micelles marxaladda kala firdhisan waxayna muujiyaan fiirsashada micelle ee muhiimka ah (CMC), taasoo buuxinaysa shaqooyinka emulsifying. Qaab-dhismeedkooda amphiphilic wuxuu u oggolaanayaa hal qayb oo ka mid ah molecule-ka inuu ku nuugo dusha walxaha halka qaybta kalena ay ku milmayso marxaladda joogtada ah (dhexda kala firdhinta). Marka miisaanka molecular-ka polymer-ku aanu aad u sarreyn, waxay muujisaa saameyn caqabad steric ah, taasoo abuuraysa caqabado dusha sare ee dhibcaha monomer ama walxaha polymer-ka si looga hortago isu-ururinta iyo isku-darka.

· Xididdada dhiigga

Marka surfactants-ka polymer-ku ay leeyihiin miisaanno molecular oo aad u sarreeya, waxay ku nuugi karaan walxo badan, iyagoo samaynaya buundooyin u dhexeeya oo abuuraya flocs, sidaas darteedna u dhaqma sida flocculants.

· Hawlaha kale

Surfactants badan oo polymer ah laftoodu ma soo saaraan xumbo xooggan, laakiin way sameeyaanWaxay joojisaa haynta biyaha oo xooggan iyo xasilloonida xumbo aad u fiican. Sababtoo ah miisaankooda sare ee molecular, waxay sidoo kale leeyihiin sifooyin sare oo sameynta filimada iyo dhejiska.

· Dhaqanka Xalka

Dhaqanka surfactants-ka polymer-ka ee dareeraha xulashada ah: Inta badan surfactants-ka polymer-ka waa block ama graft copolymers. Dareeraha xulashada ah, dhaqankooda xalka ayaa ka dhib badan kan molecules-ka yaryar ama homopolymers. Arrimaha sida qaab-dhismeedka molecular-ka, saamiga dhererka ee qaybaha amphiphilic, halabuurka, iyo sifooyinka dareeraha ayaa si weyn u saameeya qaab-dhismeedka xalka. Sida surfactants-ka miisaanka yar ee molecular-ka, polymers-ka amphiphilic-ka waxay yareeyaan xiisadda dusha sare iyagoo nuugaya kooxaha hydrophobic ee dusha sare iyagoo isla markaana samaynaya micelles-ka gudaha xalka.