Mehopolo e 1 ea Moralo oa Tlhahiso bakeng sa Lisebelisoa tsa ho Hloekisa tse Thehiloeng Metsing
1.1 Khetho ea Litsamaiso
Mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho hloekisa e thehiloeng metsing e ka aroloa ka mefuta e meraro: e sa nke lehlakore, e nang le asiti, le e nang le alkaline.
Lisebelisoa tsa ho hlwekisa tse sa nke lehlakore li sebelisoa haholo-holo libakeng tse sa haneleng li-acid le alkali. Ts'ebetso ea ho hloekisa e sebelisa haholo-holo ho kopanya li-auxiliaries le li-surfactants tsa ho hloekisa ho tlosa litšila ka kopanelo holim'a li-substrate.
Ho hlwekisa ka asiti hangata ho sebediswa bakeng sa ho tlosa mafome le ho tlosa sekala sa oxide sa tshepe. Ha ho na disebediswa tse ngata tse thusang tse fumanehang tlasa maemo a asiti. Ho hlwekisa ka asiti haholoholo ho sebedisa karabelo pakeng tsa asiti le mafome kapa sekala sa oxide hodima tshepe ho tlosa lerōle. Ka nako e ts'oanang, disebediswa tse thusang le di-surfactant di sebediswa ho etsa emulsify le ho hasanya lerōle le hlwekisitsweng ho fihlella morero wa ho hlwekisa. Di-acid tse sebediswang hangata di kenyeletsa nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, boric acid, jj. Ho hlwekisa alkaline ho sebediswa haholo ho hlwekiseng diindastering. Hobane alkali ka boyona e ka etsa oli ya meroho hore e etse dintho tse nang le saponified tse hydrophilic, e loketse haholo ho hlwekisa matheba a oli. Di-alkali tse sebediswang hangata di kenyeletsa NaOH, KOH, sodium carbonate, metsi a ammonia, alkanolamines, jj.
1.2 Khetho ea Lithuso
Ho hlwekiseng indastering, re bua ka lintho tse thusang bakeng sa litlamorao tsa ho hloekisa e le lintho tse thusang ho hloekisa, tse kenyeletsang li-dispersant tse chelang, li-inhibitor tsa mafome, li-defoamer, li-fungicide tse bolaeang likokoana-hloko, litokisetso tsa li-enzyme, li-stabilizer tsa pH, jj. Lintho tse thusang tse sebelisoang hangata li arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e latelang:
Li-dispersant tse chelating: li-phosphate (sodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium metaphosphate, sodium phosphate, jj.), li-phosphate tsa tlhaho (ATMP, HEDP, EDTMP, jj.), li-alkanolamine (triethanolamine, diethanolamine, monoethanolamine, isopropanolamine, jj.), li-amino carboxylates (NTA, EDTA, jj.), li-hydroxyl carboxylates (li-citrate, li-tartrates, li-gluconate, jj.), polyacrylic acid le lintho tse tsoang ho eona (maleic-acrylic copolymer), jj.;
Dithibela-tshenyo: mofuta wa filimi ya oxide (di-chromate, di-nitrite, di-molybdate, di-tungstate, di-borate, jj.), mofuta wa filimi ya pula (di-phosphate, di-carbonate, di-hydroxide, jj.), mofuta wa filimi ya adsorption (di-silicates, di-amine tsa tlhaho, di-carboxylic acid tsa tlhaho, di-sulfonate tsa petroleum, thiourea, urotropine, di-imidazole, di-thiazole, di-benzotriazole, jj.);
Li-defoamer: li-organosilicon, li-organosilicon tse fetotsoeng ka polyether, li-defoamer tse se nang silicon, jj.
1.3 Khetho ea Li-Surfactant
Li-surfactant li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa haholo ho hloekiseng indastering. Li ka fokotsa tsitsipano ea bokaholimo ba sistimi, tsa ntlafatsa ho kenella ha sehlahisoa, 'me tsa lumella sesebelisoa sa ho hloekisa ho kenella ka potlako ka hare ho litšila. Hape li na le phello ea ho qhala le ho emulsifying holim'a matheba a oli a hloekisitsoeng.
Li-surfactant tse sebelisoang hangata li arotsoe ka lihlopha tse latelang:
E seng ea ionic: alkylphenol ethoxylates (letoto la NP/OP/ TX), mafura a ethoxylates (letoto la AEO), isomeric alcohol ethoxylates (letoto la XL/XP/TO), secondary alcohol ethoxylates (letoto la SAEO), polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether (letoto la PE/RPE), alkyl polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene, polyoxyethylene ether capped letoto, fatty acid polyoxyethylene esters (EL), fatty amine polyoxyethylene ethers (AC), acetylenic diol ethoxylates, alkyl glycosides letoto, jj.;
Anionic: li-sulfonate (alkylbenzene sulfonate LAS, α-olefin sulfonate AOS, alkyl sulfonate SAS, succinate sulfonate OT, fatty acid ester sulfonate MES, jj.), sulfate esters (K12, AES, jj.), phosphate esters (alkyl phosphates, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphates, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphates, jj.), carboxylates (matswai a mafura a acid, jj.);
Cationic: letsoai la ammonium la quaternary (1631, 1231, jj.);
Li-ion tsa amphoteric: li-betaine (BS, CAB, jj.), li-amino acid; li-oxide tsa ammonium (OB, jj.), imidazoline.
Nako ea poso: Pherekhong-16-2026