1. Li-surfactant bakeng sa mehato ea ho robeha
Mehato ea ho robeha hangata e sebelisoa libakeng tsa oli tse sa keneleng metsi haholo. Li kenyelletsa ho sebelisa khatello ho robeha sebopeho, ho etsa mapetso, ebe ho tšehetsoa mapetso ana ka li-proppants ho fokotsa ho hanyetsa phallo ea mokelikeli, ka hona ho fihlella sepheo sa ho eketsa tlhahiso le ente. Metsi a mang a robehang a etsoa ka ho sebelisa li-surfactants e le e 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa tsona.
Metsi a ho qhaqha oli ka metsing a entsoe ka metsi, oli le li-emulsifier. Li-emulsifier tse sebelisoang li kenyelletsa li-surfactants tsa ionic, non-ionic, le amphoteric. Haeba metsi a teteaneng a sebelisoa e le karolo ea kantle le oli e le karolo ea kahare, mokelikeli oa ho qhaqha oli ka metsing o teteaneng (polymer emulsion) o ka lokisoa. Mofuta ona oa mokelikeli oa ho qhaqha o ka sebelisoa mochesong o ka tlase ho 160°C 'me o ka qhaqha le ho ntša metsi ka bohona.
Metsi a qhaqhang foam ke ao metsi e leng sebaka sa ho hasanya le khase e le karolo e hasaneng. Likarolo tsa ona tse ka sehloohong ke metsi, khase le metsoako e foufatsang. Li-sulfonate tsa alkyl, li-sulfonate tsa alkyl benzene, li-ester tsa alkyl sulfate, letsoai la quaternary ammonium, le li-surfactant tsa mofuta oa OP kaofela li ka sebelisoa e le metsoako e foufatsang. Khakanyo ea metsoako e foufatsang ka metsing ka kakaretso ke 0.5–2%, 'me karolelano ea bophahamo ba karolo ea khase ho ea ho bophahamo ba foam e tloha ho 0.5 ho isa ho 0.9.
Metsi a fracturing a thehiloeng oling a etsoa ka ho sebelisa oli e le solvent kapa generation medium. Lioli tse sebelisoang haholo tšimong ke oli e tala kapa likaroloana tsa eona tse boima. Ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea tsona ea viscosity-temperature, li-sulfonate tsa petroleum tse qhibilihang ka oli (tse nang le boima ba limolek'hule ba 300-750) li hloka ho eketsoa. Metsi a fracturing a thehiloeng oling a boetse a kenyelletsa metsi a fracturing a tsoang oling le metsi a fracturing foam ea oli. Ea pele e sebelisa li-surfactants tsa anionic tse qhibilihang ka oli, li-surfactants tsa cationic, le li-surfactants tse seng tsa ionic e le li-emulsifier, ha ea morao e sebelisa li-surfactants tsa polymeric tse nang le fluorine e le li-stabilizer tsa foam.
Metsi a pshatlang bakeng sa dibopeho tse utlwang metsi ke diemulsion kapa difoam tse entsweng ka ho sebedisa motswako wa dialcohol (jwalo ka ethylene glycol) le oli (jwalo ka parafini) e le mokgahlelo wa ho hasana, khabone e metsi e le mokgahlelo o hasanang, le di-ether tsa polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol tse nang le sulfate e le di-emulsifier kapa di-agent tse foufatsang metsi, tse sebediswang bakeng sa ho pshatla dibopeho tse utlwang metsi.
Metsi a ho robeha bakeng sa ho robeha a sebetsa e le maro a ho robeha le maro a etsang hore e be a asiti, a sebediswang dibopehong tsa carbonate moo mehato ena ka bobedi e etswang ka nako e le nngwe. Tse amanang le di-surfactants di kenyeletsa foam ya asiti le emulsion ya asiti; ya pele e sebedisa alkyl sulfonate kapa alkyl benzene sulfonate e le di-agent tse foufatsang, ha ya morao e sebedisa di-surfactants tsa mofuta wa sulfonate e le di-emulsifier.
Joalo ka maro a etsang hore e be le asiti, maro a pshatlang le ona a sebelisa li-surfactant e le li-demulsifier, li-additives tsa tlhoekiso, le li-modifiers tsa ho nosetsa, tse ke keng tsa hlalosoa mona.
2. Lisebelisoa tsa ho laola boemo ba profil le mehato ea ho koala metsi
Ho ntlafatsa katleho ea nts'etsopele ea likhohola tsa metsi le ho thibela sekhahla sa keketseho ea ho khaoloa ha metsi a oli e tala, ho hlokahala ho lokisa boemo ba ho monya metsi lilibeng tsa ente le ho nka mehato ea ho koala metsi lilibeng tsa tlhahiso ho eketsa tlhahiso. Tse ling tsa mekhoa ena ea taolo ea boemo le ho koala metsi hangata li sebelisa li-surfactants tse itseng. Moemeli oa taolo ea boemo ba gel ba HPC/SDS o lokisoa ka ho kopanya hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) le sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) metsing a hloekileng. Sodium alkyl sulfonate le alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride li qhibiliha ka ho latellana metsing ho lokisa maro a mabeli a sebetsang, a kenngoang ka har'a sebopeho ka tatellano. Maro a mabeli a sebetsang a kopana sebopehong, a hlahisa alkyl sulfite precipitates ea alkyl trimethyl amine, e thibelang likarolo tse nang le phallo e phahameng. Polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, alkyl aryl sulfonate, jj., li ka sebelisoa e le li-agent tse foamisang. Li qhibiliha ka metsing ho lokisa mokelikeli o sebetsang, o ntan'o kenngoa ka mokhoa o fapaneng sebopehong ka mokelikeli o sebetsang oa carbon dioxide. Sena se etsa foam sebopehong (haholo-holo ka mekhahlelo e nang le ho kenella ho hoholo), se baka ho thibana le ho fihlella phello ea taolo ea profil. Surfactant ea mofuta oa ammonium salt e nang le quaternary e le moemeli oa foam e qhibiliha ka har'a sol ea silicic acid e lokisitsoeng ho tsoa ho ammonium sulfate le khalase ea metsi ebe e kenngoa sebopehong, e lateloa ke ente ea khase e sa kolobisoang (khase ea tlhaho kapa khase ea chlorine). Sena se qala ka ho hlahisa foam e nang le mokelikeli e le mokhoa oa ho hasanya sebopehong, ebe li-gel tsa silicic acid sol, tse fellang ka foam e nang le se tiileng e le mokhoa oa ho hasanya, e thibelang mekhahlelo e nang le ho kenella ho hoholo le ho fihlella taolo ea profil. Ho sebelisoa li-surfactant tsa mofuta oa sulfonate e le baemeli ba foam le metsoako e phahameng ea limolek'hule e le baemeli ba ho teteana le ho tsitsisa foam, ebe ho kenngoa khase kapa lintho tse hlahisang khase, foam e thehiloeng metsing e hlahisoa holim'a metsi kapa sebopehong. Mokatong oa oli, palo e kholo ea surfactant e fallela sebopehong sa oli le metsi, e baka tšenyo ea foam, kahoo ha e thibele lera la oli 'me ke moemeli ea khethang oa ho koala metsi selibeng sa oli. Sesebediswa sa ho thiba metsi sa samente se thehilweng oling ke sekontiri se kenngwang ka samente ka oling. Bokaholimo ba samente bo na le metsi a mangata. Ha e kena ka hara lera le hlahisang metsi, metsi a tlosa oli e holim'a samente mme a kopana le samente, e leng se etsang hore samente e tiee le ho thibela lera le hlahisang metsi. Ho ntlafatsa ho phalla ha sesebediswa sena sa ho thiba metsi, hangata ho eketsoa di-surfactant tsa mofuta wa carboxylate le sulfonate. Sesebediswa sa ho thiba metsi sa micellar se thehilweng metsing ke tharollo ya micellar e entsweng haholo-holo ka ammonium petroleum sulfonate, hydrocarbons, alcohols, jj. Ha e kopana le metsi a nang le letsoai le lengata sebopehong, e ka ba viscous ho fihlella phello ya ho thiba metsi. Disebediswa tsa ho thiba metsi tsa tharollo ya cationic surfactant e thehilweng metsing kapa e thehilweng oling, tse entsweng haholo-holo ka alkyl carboxylate le alkyl ammonium chloride surfactants, di loketse feela bakeng sa dibopeho tsa lehlabathe. Sesebediswa sa ho thiba metsi sa oli e boima se sebetsang ke oli e boima e qhibilihisitsweng ka di-emulsifier tsa metsi ka oli. Ha e kopana le metsi sebopehong, e hlahisa emulsion e nang le viscosity e phahameng ea metsi ka har'a oli ho fihlela morero oa ho koala metsi. Sehlahisoa sa ho koala oli ka har'a metsi se lokisoa ka ho kopanya oli e boima ka har'a metsi ho sebelisoa li-surfactants tsa cationic e le li-emulsifier tsa oli ka har'a metsi.
Nako ea poso: Pherekhong-08-2026