1. Khopolo ea ho flotation
Flotation, e tsejoang hape e le flotation beneficiation, ke theknoloji ea ts'ebetso ea liminerale e arolang liminerale tse thusang ho tsoa ho liminerale tsa gangue sebakeng sa khase-mokelikeli-se tiileng sa karolo ka ho sebelisa liphapang tsa thepa ea holim'a liminerale tse fapaneng ka har'a li-ore, 'me e boetse e bitsoa "karohano ea sehokelo". Mekhoa eohle ea theknoloji e sebelisang ka kotloloho kapa ka tsela e sa tobang li-interface tsa karolo ho fihlela karohano ea likaroloana ho latela liphapang tsa thepa ea sebopeho sa likaroloana tse fapaneng tsa liminerale e bitsoa flotation.
Thepa ea bokaholimo ba diminerale e bolela thepa ea 'mele, ea lik'hemik'hale le e meng ea bokaholimo ba likaroloana tsa diminerale, joalo ka ho khona ho koloba holim'a metsi, thepa ea motlakase holim'a metsi, mefuta, ho tlala, le ts'ebetso ea litlamo tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa liathomo tsa bokaholimo, jj. Likaroloana tse fapaneng tsa diminerale li na le liphapang tse itseng litšobotsing tsa bokaholimo. Ka ho sebelisa liphapang tsena litšobotsing tsa bokaholimo ba likaroloana, karohano le ntlafatso ea diminerale li ka finyelloa ka thuso ea li-interface tsa mekhahlelo. Ka hona, ts'ebetso ea ho phaphamala e kenyelletsa li-interface tsa mekhahlelo e meraro tsa khase-mokelikeli-e tiileng.
Thepa ea bokaholimo ba diminerale e ka fetoloa ka ho kenella ka maiketsetso, ka sepheo sa ho eketsa liphapang tsa bokaholimo pakeng tsa liminerale tse thusang le likaroloana tsa diminerale tsa gangue ho nolofatsa karohano ea tsona. Ha ho phaphamala, li-reagent tsa ho phaphamala hangata li sebelisoa ho fetola thepa ea bokaholimo ba diminerale ka maiketsetso, ho atolosa liphapang tsa thepa ea bokaholimo pakeng tsa liminerale, ho eketsa kapa ho fokotsa ho se tsitse ha metsi ha bokaholimo ba diminerale, e le ho lokisa le ho laola boitšoaro ba ho phaphamala ha diminerale le ho fumana liphetho tse betere tsa karohano. Ka hona, ts'ebeliso le nts'etsopele ea theknoloji ea ho phaphamala e amana haufi-ufi le li-reagent tsa ho phaphamala.
Kaha thepa ea bokaholimo ba likaroloana tsa diminerale e fapane le liparamente tsa 'mele tsa diminerale tse kang ho ba le bongata le ho ba le matla a makenete, tse leng thata ho li fetola, thepa ea bokaholimo ba likaroloana tsa diminerale e ka kenngoa ka mokhoa oa maiketsetso ho ba le liphapang tse hlokahalang tsa thepa ea bokaholimo pakeng tsa liminerale bakeng sa karohano. Ka hona, ho phaphamala ho sebelisoa haholo karohanong ea diminerale 'me ho tsejoa e le mokhoa oa lefats'e oa ho sebetsana le diminerale. Ke oona mokhoa o sebelisoang haholo le o sebetsang oa ho sebetsana le diminerale karohanong ea thepa e ntle le e ntle haholo.
2. Litšebeliso tsa Flotation
Ho sebetsana le diminerale ke ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso e lokisang thepa e tala bakeng sa ho qhibilihisa tšepe le indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale, 'me ho float ea lerōle e se e le e 'ngoe ea mekhoa ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea ho sebetsana le diminerale. Hoo e ka bang mehloli eohle ea diminerale e ka aroloa ka ho float.
Hona jwale, ho phaphamala ho sebediswa haholo dimineraleng tsa tshepe tse nang le ferrous haholoholo bakeng sa ho ruisa tshepe le manganese, tse kang hematite, smithsonite, ilmenite le diminerale tse ding; diminerale tsa tshepe tse bohlokwa haholoholo bakeng sa ho ruisa kgauta le silefera; diminerale tsa tshepe tse se nang ferrous tse kang koporo, lead, zinc, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, antimony, ho kenyeletswa le diminerale tsa sulfide tse kang galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, molybdenite, pentlandite, le diminerale tsa oxide tse kang malachite, cerussite, hemimorphite, cassiterite, wolframite; karohano ya diminerale tsa letswai tse se nang tshepe tse kang fluorite, apatite, barite, le diminerale tsa letswai tse qhibilihang tse kang letsoai la potash le letswai la lefika; hammoho le karohano ya diminerale tse se nang tshepe le diminerale tse silicate tse kang mashala, graphite, sebabole, daemane, quartz, mica, feldspar, beryl, spodumene.
Flotation e bokelletse boiphihlelo bo bongata lefapheng la ts'ebetso ea liminerale, ka tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele ea theknoloji. Bakeng sa liminerale tsa maemo a tlase le tse rarahaneng ka sebopeho tseo pele li neng li nkoa li se na boleng ba ts'ebeliso ea indasteri, joale li sebelisoa hape (mehloli ea bobeli) ka flotation.
Ha mehloli ea liminerale e ntse e fokotseha haholo, liminerale tse thusang li ajoa ka mokhoa o motle le ho tsoakoa ka har'a liminerale, e leng se etsang hore karohano e be thata le ho feta; e le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso, liindasteri tse kang thepa ea tšepe le lik'hemik'hale li na le litlhoko tse phahameng tsa maemo a boleng le ho nepahala ha thepa e tala e sebetsitsoeng, ke hore, lihlahisoa tse arohaneng.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho hlokahala ho ntlafatsa boleng; ka lehlakoreng le leng, mabapi le bothata ba hore diminerale di thata ho di arola ka lebaka la boholo ba dikarolwana tse nyane, ho phaphamala ho bontshitse melemo e mengata ho feta mekgwa e meng, e leng mokgwa o sebediswang haholo le o tshepisang wa ho sebetsana le diminerale hajwale. Mekhoa ya ho phaphamala e ntlafetse butle-butle ho tloha ha e ne e sebediswa qalong bakeng sa diminerale tsa sulfide ho ya ho diminerale tsa oxide le diminerale tse seng tsa tshepe. Jwale, kakaretso ya diminerale tse sebetswang ke ho phaphamala lefatsheng ka bophara e fihla dithane tse dibilione selemo se seng le se seng.
Lilemong tse mashome tsa morao tjena, ts'ebeliso ea theknoloji ea ho phaphamala ha e sa lekanyetsoa feela lefapheng la boenjiniere ba ts'ebetso ea liminerale, empa e atolohile ho ea ho ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, tšepe, ho etsa pampiri, temo, indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale, lijo, thepa, meriana, baeloji le masimo a mang.
Mohlala, ho hlaphoheloa ha likarolo tse thusang lihlahisoa tse mahareng, ho feto-fetoha ha mocheso le ho qhibilihisa ha pyrometallurgy; ho hlaphoheloa ha masala a leaching a hydrometallurgical le dihlahiswa tsa pula tse fallang; ho phaphamala indastering ya dikhemikhale bakeng sa ho ntsha pampiri e sebedisitsweng hape le ho kgutliswa ha faeba ho tswa mokelikeling wa ditshila tsa pulp; ho ntshwa ha oli e tala e boima lehlabatheng la ore le ka tlasa noka, ho arolwa ha ditshila tse nyane tse tiileng, di-colloid, dibaktheria le ho tloswa ha ditshila tsa tshepe tse sa reng letho ho tswa dikgwerekgwere ke ditshebediso tse tlwaelehileng boenjiniereng ba tikoloho.
Ka ntlafatso ea lits'ebetso le mekhoa ea ho phaphamala, le ho hlaha ha li-reagent le lisebelisoa tse ncha le tse sebetsang hantle tsa ho phaphamala, ho phaphamala ho tla sebelisoa haholo liindastering le masimong a mangata. Ho lokela ho hlokomeloa hore ha ho sebelisoa lits'ebetso tsa ho phaphamala, li-reagent li tla etsa hore litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso li be holimo (ha li bapisoa le karohano ea makenete le karohano ea matla a khoheli); boholo ba likaroloana tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ho nona bo thata haholo; ho na le lintlha tse ngata tse amang ts'ebetso ea ho phaphamala, ka litlhoko tse phahameng tsa theknoloji; 'me metsi a litšila a nang le li-reagent tse setseng a kotsi tikolohong.
3. Dikahare tsa dipatlisiso tsa flotation
Ts'ebetso ea ho phaphamala e kenyelletsa liminerale tse tiileng le mecha ea karohano (metsi, khase). Litaba tse ka sehloohong tsa lipatlisiso li kenyelletsa melao-motheo ea motheo ea ho phaphamala, li-reagent tsa ho phaphamala, mechini ea ho phaphamala, lits'ebetso tsa ho phaphamala, jj.
Khopolo-taba ea motheo ea ho phaphamala e kenyelletsa ho phaphamala ha liminerale, thepa ea li-interface tsa karohano, jj., ho ithuta thepa ea li-interface tsa mekhahlelo, tšebelisano lipakeng tsa mekhahlelo, mokhoa oa ho etsa liminerale oa li-bubble, jj.; lipatlisiso mabapi le li-reagent tsa ho phaphamala li kenyelletsa mefuta, libopeho, thepa, mekhoa ea ts'ebetso, mekhoa ea ho lokisa le ts'ebeliso ea li-reagent; lipatlisiso mabapi le mechini ea ho phaphamala li kenyelletsa sebopeho, molao-motheo oa ts'ebetso le liketsahalo tsa ts'ebeliso ea mechini ea ho phaphamala; lipatlisiso mabapi le lits'ebetso tsa ho phaphamala li bua ka sebopeho sa ts'ebetso, tšusumetso le taolo ea lintlha tsa ts'ebetso, le sistimi ea ho phaphamala; ho feta moo, ho na le lipatlisiso mabapi le ts'ebeliso e sebetsang ea li-ore tse fapaneng.
Sistimi ea khopolo-taba ea lipatlisiso tsa flotation e kenyelletsa lithuto tse kang process mineralogy, organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry (interface chemistry, colloid chemistry), fluid mechanics, mechanic engineering, automatic detection, le tekheniki le moruo.
Nako ea poso: Hlakola-09-2026