1. Ho hlwekisa indasteri
Jwalo ka ha lebitso le bontsha, le bolela tshebetso indastering ya ho tlosa ditshila (ditshila) tse bopilweng hodima di-substrate ka lebaka la ditlamorao tsa mmele, tsa dikhemikhale, tsa baeloji le tse ding, e le ho kgutlisetsa bokahodimo boemong ba bona ba pele. Ho hlwekisa diindasteri ho angwa haholo ke dintlha tse tharo tse kgolo: theknoloji ya ho hlwekisa, disebediswa tsa ho hlwekisa le disebediswa tsa ho hlwekisa. Mahlale a ho hlwekisa a kenyeletsa haholo: (1) Ho hlwekisa dikhemikhale, ho kenyeletsang ho hlatswa ka dikhemikhale, ho hlatswa ka alkali, ho hlwekisa di-solvent, jj. Mofuta ona wa ho hlwekisa hangata o hloka tshebediso ya disebediswa tsa ho hlwekisa mmoho le disebediswa tsa ho hlwekisa. Ho hlwekiseng diindastering ho tlwaelehileng, mofuta ona wa ho hlwekisa o na le ditjeo tse tlase, o potlakile ebile o bonolo, mme o se o ntse o le boemong bo ka sehloohong ka nako e telele; (2) Ho hlwekisa mmeleng, ho kenyeletswa ho hlwekisa metsi ka kgatello e phahameng, ho hlwekisa moya o sitisang, ho hlwekisa ka ultrasound, ho hlwekisa ka motlakase, ho hlwekisa ka ho thunya ka dithunya, ho hlwekisa lehlabathe, ho hlwekisa leqhoa le omileng, ho hlwekisa ka ho qhaqha ka mechine, jj. Mofuta ona wa ho hlwekisa o sebedisa haholo disebediswa tsa ho hlwekisa, tse kopantsweng le metsi a hlwekileng, dikarolwana tse tiileng, jj. bakeng sa ho hlwekisa. O na le bokgoni bo phahameng ba ho hlwekisa, empa ka kakaretso disebediswa di theko e boima mme ditjeo tsa tshebediso ha di tlase; (3) Tlhoekiso ea baeloji e sebelisa phello ea ho khataletsa e hlahisoang ke likokoana-hloko bakeng sa ho hloekisa, 'me hangata e sebelisoa ho hloekiseng masela le liphaephe. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la litlhoko tsa eona tse khethehileng bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea ho khataletsa ea li-enzyme tsa baeloji, tšimo ea eona ea ts'ebeliso e batla e le nyane. Ho na le mekhoa e mengata ea ho arola li-agent tsa ho hloekisa tsa indasteri, 'me tse tloaelehileng ke li-agent tsa ho hloekisa tse thehiloeng metsing, li-agent tsa ho hloekisa tse thehiloeng metsing a halofo le li-agent tsa ho hloekisa tse thehiloeng metsing a qhibilihang. Ka ho ntlafatsa temoso ea tikoloho, li-agent tsa ho hloekisa tse thehiloeng metsing li nkeloa sebaka butle-butle, 'me li-agent tsa ho hloekisa tse thehiloeng metsing li tla nka sebaka se seholo. Li-agent tsa ho hloekisa tse thehiloeng metsing li ka aroloa ka li-agent tsa ho hloekisa tsa alkaline, li-agent tsa ho hloekisa tse nang le asiti le li-agent tsa ho hloekisa tse sa nke lehlakore ho latela litekanyetso tse fapaneng tsa pH. Li-agent tsa ho hloekisa li ntse li tsoela pele ho sireletsa tikoloho e tala, bokhoni bo phahameng, poloko ea matla le moruo, e leng se behang litlhoko tse latelang bakeng sa tsona: li-agent tsa ho hloekisa tse thehiloeng metsing li nkela sebaka sa tlhoekiso ea setso ea solvent; li-agent tsa ho hloekisa ha li na phosphorus, li na le naetrojene e tlase ho isa ho naetrojene, 'me ha li na litšepe tse boima le lintho tse kotsi tikolohong; li-agent tsa ho hloekisa li lokela ho boela li holise ho fihlela mahlorisong (ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa lipalangoang), ts'ebetso le ho ikhethela; maemo a ts'ebeliso ea li-agent tsa ho hloekisa a bonolo haholoanyane, haholo-holo mochesong oa kamore; Litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa tsa ho hloekisa li tlase ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tšebeliso bakeng sa bareki.
2. Melao-motheo ea Moralo oa Tlhahiso bakeng sa Lisebelisoa tsa ho Hloekisa tse Thehiloeng Metsing
Pele re rala mokhoa oa ho hloekisa, hangata re arola lintho tse silafatsang ka lihlopha. Lintho tse silafatsang tse tloaelehileng li ka aroloa ka lihlopha ho latela mekhoa ea ho hloekisa.
(1) Ditshila tse ka qhibilihang ka hara ditharollo tsa asiti, alkali, kapa enzyme: Ditshila tsena di bonolo ho di tlosa. Bakeng sa ditshila tse jwalo, re ka kgetha di-acid tse itseng, alkali, kapa
li-enzyme, li lokise hore e be litharollo, 'me u tlose litšila ka kotloloho.
(2) Ditshila tse qhibilihang ka metsing: Ditshila tse jwalo, tse kang matswai a qhibilihang, tswekere le distatjhe, di ka qhibilihiswa le ho tloswa hodima substrate ka mekgwa e kang ho inela ka metsi, kalafo ya ultrasound le ho fafatsa.
(3) Ditshila tse qhalanang ka metsi: Ditshila tse kang samente, gypsum, kalaka le lerōle li ka kolobisoa, tsa qhalana, 'me tsa emisoa ka metsing hore li tlosoe ka thuso ea matla a mechini a lisebelisoa tsa ho hloekisa, li-dispersant tse qhibilihang ka metsing, li-penetrant, jj.
(4) Lerōle le sa qhibiliheng metsing: Litšila tse kang oli le boka li hloka ho emulsified, ho hloekisoa ka sapon, le ho qhalanngoa tlas'a maemo a itseng ka thuso ea matla a kantle, lintho tse eketsang, le li-emulsifier ho li etsa hore li arohane le bokaholimo ba substrate, li etse ho hasana, 'me li tlosoe bokaholimong ba substrate. Leha ho le joalo, boholo ba litšila ha li eo ka sebopeho se le seng empa li kopantsoe 'me li khomarela bokaholimo kapa botebong ba substrate. Ka linako tse ling, tlas'a tšusumetso ea kantle, li ka bela, tsa bola, kapa tsa fetoha hlobo, tsa etsa litšila tse rarahaneng haholoanyane. Empa ho sa tsotelehe hore na ke litšila tse arabelang tse entsoeng ka ho kopanya lik'hemik'hale kapa litšila tse khomarelang tse entsoeng ka ho kopanya 'mele, ho li hloekisa ka botlalo ho tlameha ho feta mehatong e mene e meholo: ho qhibiliha, ho kolobisa, ho kopanya le ho hasanya, le chelation.
Nako ea poso: Pherekhong-12-2026