Tefiso ea li-surfactants tsa cationic e fapane le ea li-surfactants tsa anionic, kahoo li-surfactants tsa cationic hangata li bitsoa "lisepa tse fapaneng". Mabapi le sebopeho sa tsona sa lik'hemik'hale, li na le bonyane sehlopha se le seng sa ketane e telele ea hydrophobic le sehlopha se le seng sa hydrophilic se nang le chase e ntle. Lihlopha tsa hydrophobic tsa ketane e telele hangata li tsoa ho li-acid tse mafura kapa lik'hemik'hale tsa peterole, kahoo li-amine tse mafura ke thepa ea bohlokoa bakeng sa li-surfactants tsa cationic. Li-surfactants tsa cationic li na le detergent e fokolang, empa thepa ea tsona ea antibacterial le kamano ea tsona bakeng sa ho monya holim'a libaka tse thata li hlahella haholo. Litlolong, hangata li sebelisoa e le li-conditioner tsa moriri, li-fungicides, li-bacteriostats, li-softeners, le li-anti-caries additives, jj.
1. Letswai la amine e mafura
Li-amine tse mafura ha e le hantle ke metheo ea tlhaho. Ha li na tjhaja litharollong tse sa nke lehlakore, ha li na mosebetsi oa bokaholimo ba cationic ntlheng ena, 'me li na le lipophilic ha pH e le kholo ho feta 7. Matsoai a amine a phahameng a fumanoang ka ho se nke lehlakore ka li-acid tse sa pheleng kapa tsa organic a na le ho qhibiliha ho lekaneng 'me a tsejoa ka botlalo e le li-surfactants tse sebetsang tsa cationic. Matsoai a tlhaho ka kakaretso a qhibiliha haholoanyane metsing ho feta matsoai a sa pheleng. Ha a sebelisoe hangata mefuteng ea sesepa le ea ho hloekisa.
Li-cation tsa letsoai la ammonium tse seng tsa quaternary li na le kutloelo-bohloko haholo ho pH, li-ion tse ngata, le li-electrolyte. Li-amine tse nang le ethoxylated, tse hlahisoang ke ethoxylation ea li-amine tse mafura, ke li-surfactant tse ka lumellanang le li-surfactant tsa cationic kamora ho lokisoa ha pH 'me li na le detergent e ntle. Ha li-amine tse mafura li felisoa ka salicylic acid kapaα-chlorobenzoic acid, mosebetsi oa tsona oa antifungal o ka ntlafatsoa. Metsoako ea ammonium ea quaternary har'a li-amine tse mafura ke mofuta o sebelisoang haholo oa li-surfactants tsa cationic.
Matsoai a ammonium a quaternary a na le botsitso bo botle mecheng ea asiti kapa alkaline (ka tlase ho 100).°C). Ho qhibiliha ha matswai a ammonium a quaternary ho amana le bolelele ba ketane ea alkyl; ha ketane e le telele, ho qhibiliha ha metsi ho theoha. Matswai a ammonium a C16-C18 monoalkyl trimethyl quaternary ha a qhibilihe hantle metsing, a qhibilihe ka har'a li-solvent tsa polar, 'me ha a qhibilihe ka har'a li-solvent tse seng tsa polar. Matswai a ammonium a Dialkyl dimethyl quaternary a qhibilihe ka har'a li-solvent tse seng tsa polar 'me ha a qhibilihe ka har'a metsi.
Mesebetsi e ikhethang ea matsoai a ammonium a quaternary e lutse ho monyeng ha 'ona holim'a libaka tse nang le tjhaja e mpe le litlamorao tsa 'ona tsa ho bolaea libaktheria le ho bolaea likokoana-hloko. Ho bohlokoa haholo ho hlokomela hore ho kopana le li-surfactants tsa anionic, li-oxide, li-peroxide, li-silicates, nitrate ea silevera, sodium citrate, sodium tartrate, borax, kaolin, liprotheine le li-polymer tse ling ho ka etsahala hore ho fokotse matla a tsona a ho bolaea libaktheria kapa ho bake ho fifala.
Ho qhibiliha ha letsoai la alkyl quaternary ammonium ho amana le lihlopha tse hydrophilic; ha lihlopha tse hydrophilic li le ngata, ho qhibiliha ha metsi ho ba betere. Karolo ea 5% ea boima ba isopropanol kapa tharollo ea metsi ea 10% e na le pH ea 6-9. Li na le botsitso bo botle ba lik'hemik'hale, ho hanyetsa khanya, mocheso, li-acid tse matla le li-alkali tse matla, 'me li na le ho kenella hantle ha metsi, thepa ea antistatic, litlamorao tsa bactericidal (ka C12-C16 e sebetsang ka ho fetisisa), le thibelo e ntle ea mafome. Matsoai a alkyl dimethyl quaternary ammonium a na le lihlopha tse peli tsa alkyl tse telele tsa ketane e le lihlopha tse hydrophilic, tse bontšang bonolo bo botle, thepa ea antistatic, bokhoni bo itseng ba ho bolaea bactericidal, hammoho le litlamorao tse ntle tsa ho kolobisa le ho emulsifying. Ha li halefise hakaalo ho feta matsoai a alkyl trimethyl quaternary ammonium, li bontša thepa ea cationic tlas'a li-acid tse fokolang, 'me li theha metsoako e seng ea ionic tlas'a maemo a sa nke lehlakore le a alkaline.
2. Letswai la imidazoline la alkyl
Alkyl imidazoline ke sehlahisoa se entsoeng ka karabelo ea mafura a acid le ethylenediamine tse nkeloang sebaka. Amide ethylamine e hlahisoa ke ho futhumatsa (hangata ho 220 ~ 240).℃) e fetoloa hore e be alkyl imidazoline.
Alkyl imidazoline ke amine ea tertiary ea monocyclic ea tlhaho 'me ke motheo o matla o mahareng. Ke surfactant e tloaelehileng ea cationic e ka monngoang ka thata libakeng tse nang le chase e mpe, joalo ka moriri, letlalo, meno, khalase, pampiri, likhoele, litšepe le thepa e nang le silicon. Matsoai a entsoeng ka li-acid tse qhibilihang ka metsing a atisa ho etsa li-gel ka bongata bo phahameng. Li-acetates, li-nicotinate, li-phosphate le li-sulfate li qhibiliha ka metsing, ha letsoai la tsona la mafura a ketane e telele le qhibiliha ka oli. E na le botsitso bo botle ba polokelo tlas'a maemo a sa keneng mongobo, empa likristale li ka 'na tsa pona kamora ho bolokoa kapa ho bolokoa nako e telele libakeng tse nang le mocheso o tlase, 'me e ka khutlela boemong bo tšoanang ha e futhumatsoa le ho hlohlelletsoa. Ho kopana le metsi kapa mongobo ho tla baka hydrolysis butle-butle, ho fetola mesebetsi ea eona. Ho futhumatsa nako e telele, leha mocheso o nyolohela ho 165℃, e ke ke ea ama botsitso ba eona, empa 'mala o tla fetoha. Hoa hlokomeleha hore kaha alkyl imidazoline ke motheo o matla o mahareng, e halefisa letlalo le mahlo haholo, ha letsoai la alkyl imidazoline le fokolitse ho halefa haholo.
Nako ea poso: Hlakola-25-2026