Li-surfactants tsa Amphoteric ke li-surfactants tse nang le lihlopha tsa anionic hydrophilic le lihlopha tsa cationic hydrophilic molek'huleng e le 'ngoe. Tšobotsi ea tsona ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke hore li ka fana le ho amohela liprothone. Li na le litšobotsi tse latelang nakong ea tšebeliso: Li-surfactants tsa Amphoteric ka kakaretso li na le ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho hlatsoa, ho qhalakanya, ho emulsifying, ho sterilizing, ho nolofatsa likhoele, le ho thibela ho fetoha ha static, 'me li ka sebelisoa e le li-auxiliaries tsa ho qeta lesela, li-auxiliaries tsa ho daea, li-dispersants tsa sesepa sa calcium, li-surfactants tse hloekisang ka omileng, le li-inhibitor tsa ho bola ha tšepe, jj. Li na le bonolo bo botle, boreleli le thepa ea antistatic bakeng sa masela; thepa e itseng ea ho bolaea libaktheria le ho thibela hlobo; le thepa e ntle ea emulsifying le ho qhalakanya. Leha ho le joalo, mofuta ona oa surfactant o theko e boima haholo, 'me mefuta ea ts'ebeliso ea oona ea 'nete e nyane ho feta ea mefuta e meng ea li-surfactants. Ke surfactant e bonolo. Ho fapana le li-surfactants tse le 'ngoe tsa anionic kapa cationic, limolek'hule tsa surfactant tsa amphoteric li na le lihlopha tsa asiti le tsa motheo pheletsong e 'ngoe ea molek'hule. Lihlopha tsa asiti boholo ba tsona ke tsa carboxyl, sulfonic acid, kapa phosphate, ha lihlopha tsa motheo e le tsa amino kapa tsa quaternary ammonium. Li ka kopanngoa le li-surfactants tsa anionic le tse seng tsa ionic 'me li hanela li-acid, alkalis, letsoai le letsoai la tšepe ea alkaline earth.
Hona jwale, di-surfactants tsa maiketsetso tse sebediswang hangata di na le dihlopha tsa carboxylate e le dikarolo tsa tsona tsa anionic, mme tse mmalwa di na le dihlopha tsa sulfonate; dikarolo tsa tsona tsa cationic boholo ba tsona ke matswai a amine kapa matswai a ammonium a quaternary. Tse nang le matswai a amine e le karolo ya cationic di bitswa mofuta wa amino acid; tse nang le matswai a ammonium a quaternary e le karolo ya cationic di bitswa mofuta wa betaine.
- Mofuta oa amino acid
Tharollo ea metsi ea li-surfactants tsa amphoteric tsa mofuta oa amino acid ke alkaline. Ha hydrochloric acid e eketsoa butle ka ho hlohlelletsa, ha ho na phetoho ha tharollo e fetoha e sa nke lehlakore. Precipitate e hlaha ha tharollo e fetoha acid e nyane. Haeba hydrochloric acid e eketsehileng e eketsoa ho etsa hore tharollo e be acid e matla, precipitate ea qhibiliha hape. Sena se bontša hore e itšoara joaloka anionic surfactant tikolohong ea alkaline le joaloka cationic surfactant tikolohong ea acidic. Leha ho le joalo, ha thepa ea cationic le anionic e leka-lekane hantle ntlheng ea isoelectric, hydrophilicity ea fokotseha, e leng se fellang ka ho thehoa ha precipitate. Anion ka har'a molek'hule ke sehlopha sa carboxyl, 'me cation ke letsoai la ammonium. Mofuta ona oa surfactant o bontša mesebetsi e fapaneng ea bokaholimo ka liphetoho ho pH ea seaplane. Mohlala, dodecylaminopropionic acid (C12H25N+H2CH2CH2COO-) e ka fetoloa sodium dodecylaminopropionate (C12H25NHCH2CH2COO-Na+) ka har'a sodium hydroxide medium, e sebetsa e le anionic surfactant e qhibilihang ka metsing. Ka har'a hydrochloric acid medium, e ka fetoloa letsoai la hydrochloride la dodecylaminopropionic acid [(C12H25N+H2CH2CH2COOH)Cl-], e sebetsa e le cationic surfactant e qhibilihang ka metsing. Haeba pH ea medium e lokisoa e le hore litefiso tse ntle le tse mpe li leka-lekane hantle, e fetoloa letsoai le ka hare (C12H25N+H2CH2CH2COO-), le sa qhibiliheng hantle ka metsing 'me le qhalana. pH ntlheng ena e bitsoa isoelectric point. Ho sebelisa ka botlalo phello ea amino acid-type amphoteric surfactants, li tlameha ho sebelisoa litharollong tsa metsi tse nang le pH e khelohang ntlheng ea isoelectric. Lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tse tala tse sebelisoang ho lokiseng li-surfactants tsa amphoteric tsa mofuta oa amino acid li kenyelletsa li-amine tse phahameng tsa aliphatic primary, methyl acrylate (sheba li-ester tsa acrylate), acrylonitrile, le chloroacetic acid.
- Bmofuta oa etaine
Li-surfactant tsa mofuta oa Betaine tse nang le amphoteric li na le tšobotsi e kholo ea ho qhibiliha ka har'a litharollo tsa metsi ebang ke tsa asiti, tse sa nke lehlakore kapa tse nang le alkaline. Ha li na matheba esita le ntlheng ea isoelectric. Ho phaella moo, li boetse li na le thepa e ntle e kang ho kenella ha metsi, ho thibela ho bola le ts'ebetso ea antistatic. Ka hona, ke li-emulsifier le li-softeners tse ntle.
Carboxybetaine
Anion e ka har'a molek'hule ke sehlopha sa carboxyl, 'me cation ke sehlopha sa ammonium sa quaternary. Mohlala, alkyl dimethyl betaine [RN+(CH3)2CH2COO-], moo sehlopha sa alkyl R se nang le liathomo tsa carbon tse 12 ho isa ho tse 18. Ha e bapisoa le mefuta ea amino acid, mefuta ea betaine e ka qhibiliha ka metsing ka har'a media ea asiti, e sa nke lehlakore, kapa ea alkaline, 'me ha e fokotsehe esita le ntlheng ea isoelectric, kahoo li ka sebelisoa litharollong tsa metsi tse nang le pH efe kapa efe. Mecheng ea asiti, ha pH ea ntlha ea isoelectric e le tlase, e itšoara joaloka surfactant ea cationic e qhibilihang ka metsing [[RN+(CH3)2CH2COOH]Cl-]; mecheng ea asiti kapa ea alkaline, ke hore, ha pH e lekana kapa e phahame ho feta ntlha ea isoelectric, e itšoara joaloka surfactant ea amphoteric e qhibilihang ka metsing 'me ha e itšoare joaloka surfactant ea anionic. Li-surfactants tsa amphoteric li atisa ho theha li-precipitate tse nang le li-surfactants tsa anionic feela mecheng ea asiti. Li ka sebelisoa hammoho le mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa surfactant ka har'a media e nang le litekanyetso tse fapaneng tsa pH. Lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tse sebelisoang bakeng sa ho lokisa li-surfactants tsa amphoteric tsa mofuta oa betaine li kenyelletsa alkyl dimethyl tertiary amines le sodium chloroacetate, jj.
Sulfobetaine
Sehlopha sa anionic ka har'a molek'hule ke sehlopha sa sulfo (SO3-), 'me sehlopha sa cationic ke sehlopha sa ammonium sa quaternary. Tse sebelisoang hangata ke alkyl dimethyl sulfonethyl betaines [RN+(CH3)2CH2CH2SO3-] le alkyl dimethyl sulfopropyl betaines [RN+(CH3)2CH2CH2CH2SO3-]. Palo ea liathomo tsa khabone sehlopheng sa alkyl R ka har'a liforomo e tloha ho 12 ho isa ho 18. Li-sulfobetaines li na le thepa e felletseng; ha li na feela melemo eohle ea li-betaine tse tloaelehileng empa hape li na le melemo e ikhethang joalo ka ho hanyetsa maemo a phahameng a li-acid, alkalis le letsoai. Hona joale, hydroxy sulfopropyl [RN+(CH3)2CH2CH(OH)CH2SO3-] e sebelisoa ho nkela li-sulfopropyl betaines sebaka, tse hlahisang lintho tse kotsi 'meleng oa motho nakong ea tlhahiso. Ka lebaka la boteng ba lihlopha tsa anionic le cationic tse nang le lihlopha tsa hydroxyl sebopehong sa tsona, ha li na feela melemo eohle ea li-surfactants tsa amphoteric empa hape li bontša ho hanyetsa maemo a phahameng a li-acid, alkalis le letsoai, thepa e ntle ea emulsifying, disaspersing, le antistatic, hammoho le thepa ea ho bolaea libaktheria, antifungal, le viscoelastic. Ke li-surfactants tse nang le ts'ebetso e ntle ka kakaretso 'me li sebelisitsoe haholo masimong a fapaneng joalo ka lik'hemik'hale tsa letsatsi le letsatsi, ho falla ha oli ea oli, ho qhaqha le ho etsa hore e be acid.
Phospholipid betaine
Sehlopha sa anionic ka har'a molek'hule ke sehlopha sa phosphate (HPO4-), 'me sehlopha sa cationic ke sehlopha sa ammonium sa quaternary. Mohlala, alkyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine [RN+(CH3)2CH2CH(OH)CH2HPO4-], moo sehlopha sa alkyl R se nang le liathomo tsa khabone tse 12 ho isa ho tse 18. Sebopeho sena se etsa qeto ea hore ha se na feela thepa e ntle ea li-surfactants tsa amphoteric tse kang ho ba le metsi, ho se be le metsi, ho qhibiliha, ho emulsifying le ho qhalakanya thepa, thepa ea antistatic, botsitso ba mocheso, hammoho le ho lumellana hantle, ho halefa ho tlase, le melemo ho feta li-surfactants tse akaretsang tsa anionic tse kang khanyetso e betere ea alkali, khanyetso ea electrolyte, le thepa ea antistatic, empa hape e na le ho qhala ho matla ha sesepa sa calcium, khatello e tlase ea bokaholimo, le ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho foamisa foam.
Nako ea poso: Hlakola-04-2026