Li-surfactant tse ngata tse entsoeng ka lik'hemik'hale li senya tikoloho ea tikoloho ka lebaka la ho bola ha tsona habonolo, chefo, le tšekamelo ea ho bokellana tikolohong ea tikoloho. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li-surfactant tsa baeloji—tse khetholloang ka ho bola habonolo le ho se chefo litsamaisong tsa tikoloho—li loketse haholoanyane bakeng sa taolo ea tšilafalo boenjiniereng ba tikoloho. Mohlala, li ka sebetsa e le li-flotation collectors lits'ebetsong tsa kalafo ea metsi a litšila, li monya likaroloana tse nang le colloidal tse chesitsoeng ho tlosa li-ion tsa tšepe tse chefo, kapa li sebelisoa ho lokisa libaka tse silafalitsoeng ke metsoako ea manyolo le litšepe tse boima.
1. Likopo Mekhoeng ea Phekolo ea Metsi a Litšila.
Ha ho phekoloa metsi a litšila ka tlhaho, li-ion tsa tšepe e boima hangata li thibela kapa li chefola lichaba tsa likokoana-hloko tse seretseng se sebetsang. Ka hona, kalafo ea pele ho bohlokoa ha ho sebelisoa mekhoa ea baeloji ho phekola metsi a litšila a nang le li-ion tsa tšepe e boima. Hona joale, mokhoa oa ho nosetsa hydroxide o sebelisoa hangata ho tlosa li-ion tsa tšepe e boima metsing a litšila, empa katleho ea eona ea ho nosetsa e lekanyelitsoe ke ho qhibiliha ha li-hydroxide, e leng se fellang ka liphello tse sa sebetseng hantle. Mekhoa ea ho nosetsa hangata e lekanyelitsoe ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea li-flotation collectors (mohlala, surfactant e entsoeng ka lik'hemik'hale sodium dodecyl sulfate) tse thata ho senyeha mehatong e latelang ea kalafo, e lebisang tšilafalong ea bobeli. Ka lebaka leo, ho na le tlhoko ea ho hlahisa mekhoa e meng e ka bolang habonolo le e se nang chefo tikolohong - 'me li-surfactants tsa baeloji li na le melemo ena ka nepo.
2. Likopo ho Bioremediation.
Mokhoeng oa ho sebelisa likokoana-hloko ho hlohlelletsa ho senyeha ha litšila tsa tlhaho le ho lokisa libaka tse silafetseng, li-surfactants tsa baeloji li fana ka monyetla o moholo oa ho lokisa libaka tse silafetseng ka tlhaho sebakeng seo. Lebaka ke hobane li ka sebelisoa ka kotloloho ho tsoa merong ea ho belisa, ho felisa litšenyehelo tse amanang le karohano ea surfactant, ho ntša le ho hloekisa sehlahisoa.
2.1 Ho Ntlafatsa ho Senyeha ha Li-Alkanes.
Li-alkane ke likarolo tsa mantlha tsa peterole. Nakong ea lipatlisiso tsa peterole, ho ntša peterole, ho e tsamaisa, ho e lokisa le ho e boloka, lintho tse ke keng tsa qojoa tse tsoang peterole li silafatsa mobu le metsi a ka tlas'a lefatše. Ho potlakisa ho senyeha ha alkane, ho eketsa li-surfactants tsa baeloji ho ka ntlafatsa ho feto-fetoha ha metsi le ho bola ha metsoako ea hydrophobic, ho eketsa palo ea likokoana-hloko, 'me ka hona ho ntlafatsa sekhahla sa ho senyeha ha li-alkane.
2.2 Ho Ntlafatsa ho Senyeha ha Li-Hydrocarbon tse Monate tsa Polycyclic (li-PAH).
Li-PAH li hapile tlhokomelo e ntseng e eketseha ka lebaka la "litlamorao tsa tsona tse tharo tse bakang kankere" (tse bakang kankere, tse bakang teratogenic, le tse bakang phetoho ea liphatsa tsa lefutso). Linaha tse ngata li li arotse e le lintho tse silafatsang tse tlang pele. Lithuto li bontšitse hore ho senyeha ha likokoana-hloko ke tsela ea mantlha ea ho tlosa li-PAH tikolohong, 'me ho senyeha ha tsona hoa fokotseha ha palo ea masale a benzene e ntse e eketseha: Li-PAH tse nang le masale a mararo kapa a ka tlase ho moo li senyeha habonolo, ha tse nang le masale a mane kapa ho feta li thatafalloa ho li senya.
2.3 Ho Tlosa Tšepe e Boima e Chefo.
Ts'ebetso ea tšilafalo ea litšepe tse boima tse chefo mobung e khetholloa ka ho pata, ho tsitsa le ho se fetohe, e leng se etsang hore tokiso ea mobu o silafalitsoeng ke tšepe e boima e be sepheo sa lipatlisiso tsa nako e telele lithutong tsa thuto. Mekhoa ea hajoale ea ho tlosa litšepe tse boima mobung e kenyelletsa ho matlafatsa, ho thibela/ho tsitsisa, le kalafo ea mocheso. Le hoja ho matlafatsa ho ka khoneha ka botekgeniki, ho kenyelletsa mosebetsi o moholo oa boenjiniere le litšenyehelo tse phahameng. Mekhoa ea ho thibela ho sisinyeha e ka fetoloa, e hlokang tlhokomelo e tsoelang pele ea katleho ea kalafo kamora ts'ebeliso. Kalafo ea mocheso e loketse feela litšepe tse boima tse feto-fetohang (mohlala, mercury). Ka lebaka leo, mekhoa ea kalafo ea baeloji e theko e tlase e bone nts'etsopele e potlakileng. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, bafuputsi ba qalile ho sebelisa li-surfactants tsa baeloji tse seng chefo tikolohong ho lokisa mobu o silafalitsoeng ke tšepe e boima.
Nako ea poso: Loetse-08-2025