Li-surfactants tse ngata tse entsoeng ka lik'hemik'hale li senya tikoloho ea tikoloho ka lebaka la ho senyeha ha tsona hantle, chefo, le tšekamelo ea ho bokellana tikolohong. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li-biological surfactants—tse khetholloang ka ho senyeha habonolo ha lintho tse phelang le ho se chefo ho litsamaiso tsa tikoloho—li loketse hamolemo bakeng sa taolo ea tšilafalo boenjiniere ba tikoloho. Ka mohlala, li ka sebetsa e le babokelli ba flotation mekhoeng ea ho hloekisa metsi a litšila, ho bapatsa holim'a likaroloana tsa colloidal tse qosoang ho tlosa li-ion tsa tšepe tse chefo, kapa ho sebelisoa libakeng tse lokisoang tse silafalitsoeng ke metsoako ea lintho tse phelang le litšepe tse boima.
1. Likopo Mekhoeng ea Phekolo ea Metsi a Litšila.
Ha ho phekoloa metsi a litšila ka biologically, li-ion tsa heavy metal li atisa ho thibela kapa ho chefo ho lichaba tsa likokoana-hloko ka har'a seretse se kentsoeng. Ka hona, ho phekola pele ho bohlokoa ha ho sebelisoa mekhoa ea likokoana-hloko ho phekola metsi a litšila a nang le li-ion tse boima. Hajoale, mokhoa oa hydroxide precipitation o tloaetse ho sebelisoa ho tlosa li-ion tsa tšepe tse boima metsing a litšila, empa ts'ebetso ea ona ea pula e lekanyelitsoe ke ho qhibiliha ha hydroxides, e leng se bakang litlamorao tse ntle tse sebetsang. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, mekhoa ea ho phaphamala e thibetsoe ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea likoleke tsa flotation (mohlala, sodium dodecyl sulfate e entsoeng ka lik'hemik'hale) eo ho leng thata ho e senya ka mekhahlelo e latelang ea phekolo, e lebisang tšilafalo ea bobeli. Ka lebaka leo, ho hlokahala hore ho etsoe mekhoa e meng e ka senyehang habonolo le e se nang chefo tikolohong—'me li-biological surfactants li na le melemo ena.
2. Likopo ho Bioremediation.
Ts'ebetsong ea ho sebelisa likokoana-hloko ho hlohlelletsa tšenyeho ea lintho tse silafatsang 'me ka hona ho lokisoe tikoloho e silafetseng, li-biological surfactants li fana ka monyetla o moholo oa ho lokisa libaka tse silafetseng. Sena ke hobane li ka sebelisoa ka kotloloho ho tsoa ho fermentation broths, ho tlosa litšenyehelo tse amanang le karohano ea surfactant, ho ntšoa le tlhoekiso ea sehlahisoa.
2.1 Ho Ntlafatsa ho Senyeha ha Alkanes.
Alkanes ke likarolo tse ka sehloohong tsa petroleum. Nakong ea lipatlisiso, ho ntšoa, lipalangoang, ho sebetsa le ho boloka, metsi a ke keng a qojoa a petroleum a silafatsa mobu le metsi a ka tlas'a lefatše. Ho potlakisa ho senyeha ha alkane, ho eketsa li-surfactants tsa likokoana-hloko ho ka ntlafatsa hydrophilicity le biodegradability ea metsoako ea hydrophobic, ho eketsa palo ea likokoana-hloko, 'me kahoo ho ntlafatsa sekhahla sa ho senyeha ha alkanes.
2.2 Ntlafatso ea ho Felisoa ha Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs).
Li-PAH li hapile tlhokomelo e ntseng e eketseha ka lebaka la "liphello tsa tsona tse tharo tsa kankere" (carcinogenic, teratogenic, le mutagenic). Linaha tse ngata li li tšoaile e le lintho tse tlang pele bophelong ba tsona tse silafatsang. Liphuputso li bontšitse hore ho senyeha ha likokoana-hloko ke tsela e ka sehloohong ea ho tlosa li-PAH tikolohong, 'me ho senyeha ha tsona ho fokotseha ha palo ea masale a benzene e ntse e eketseha: Li-PAH tse nang le mehele e meraro kapa e fokolang li senyeha habonolo, ha tse nang le mehele e mene kapa ho feta li thatafala ho senya.
2.3 Ho Ntša Litšepe Tse Ngata tse Chefo.
Ts'oaetso ea litšepe tse boima tse chefo mobung e tšoauoa ka ho ipata, botsitso le ho se fetohe, ho etsa hore tokiso ea mobu o silafalitsoeng ke tšepe e boima e be sepheo sa nako e telele sa lipatlisiso lithutong tsa thuto. Mekhoa ea hajoale ea ho tlosa litšepe tse boima mobung e kenyelletsa vitrification, immobilization / stabilization, le kalafo ea mocheso. Le ha vitrification e khonahala ka botekgeniki, e kenyelletsa mosebetsi o mongata oa boenjiniere le litšenyehelo tse phahameng. Lits'ebetso tsa immobilization li ka khutlisoa, 'me ho hlokahala hore ho be le tlhokomelo e tsoelang pele ea katleho ea kalafo kamora kopo. Kalafo ea mocheso e loketse feela litšepe tse boima tse feto-fetohang (mohlala, mercury). Ka lebaka leo, mekhoa ea phekolo ea likokoana-hloko e theko e tlaase e bone tsoelo-pele e potlakileng. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, bafuputsi ba se ba qalile ho sebelisa lintho tse phelang tikolohong eo e seng chefo ho lokisa mobu o silafalitsoeng ke tšepe e boima.
Nako ea poso: Sep-08-2025