Ho ya ka mokhoa wa ho arola dikhemikhale tsa oli, di-surfactants bakeng sa tshebediso ya oli di ka arolwa ka tshebediso ho di-surfactants tsa ho tjheka, di-surfactants tsa tlhahiso, di-surfactants tse ntlafaditsweng tsa ho fumana oli, di-surfactants tsa ho bokella/ho tsamaisa oli le kgase, le di-surfactants tsa kalafo ya metsi.
Li-surfactant tsa ho Cheka.
Har'a li-surfactants tsa oli, li-surfactants tsa ho tjheka (ho kenyeletsoa le li-additives tsa mokelikeli oa ho tjheka le li-additives tsa samente) li ikarabella bakeng sa bongata bo boholo ba tšebeliso—hoo e ka bang 60% ea tšebeliso eohle ea li-surfactants tsa oli. Li-surfactants tsa tlhahiso, leha li le nyane ka bongata, li tsoetse pele haholo theknolojing, li etsa hoo e ka bang karolo ea boraro ea kakaretso. Lihlopha tsena tse peli li na le bohlokoa bo boholo lits'ebetsong tsa li-surfactants tsa oli.
Chaena, dipatlisiso di shebane le dikarolo tse pedi tse ka sehloohong: ho eketsa tshebediso ya thepa e tala ya setso le ho ntshetsa pele di-polymer tse ntjha tsa maiketsetso (ho kenyeletswa le di-monomer). Matjhabeng, dipatlisiso tse eketsang mokelikeli wa ho tjheka di ikgethile haholo, di totobatsa di-polymer tsa maiketsetso tse nang le dihlopha tsa sulfonic acid e le motheo wa dihlahiswa tse fapaneng—tshekamelo e ka nnang ya bopa ntshetsopele ya nakong e tlang. Ho entswe diphetoho tse kgolo ho di-reducer tsa viscosity, di-agent tsa taolo ya tahlehelo ya mokelikeli, le di-lubricant. Haholo-holo, dilemong tsa morao tjena, di-surfactant tsa polymeric alcohol tse nang le ditlamorao tsa ntlha ya leru di se di amohetswe haholo masimong a oli a lapeng, di theha letoto la ditsamaiso tsa mokelikeli wa ho tjheka wa polymeric alcohol. Ho feta moo, methyl glucoside le maro a ho tjheka a thehilweng ho glycerin di bontshitse diphetho tse tshepisang tsa tshebediso ya tshimo, di kganna ntshetsopele ya di-surfactant tsa ho tjheka. Hona jwale, di-additi tsa mokelikeli wa ho tjheka tsa China di kenyeletsa dihlopha tse 18 tse nang le mefuta e fetang sekete, mme tshebediso ya selemo le selemo e batla e le ditone tse 300,000.
Lihlahisoa tsa Surfactants.
Ha ho bapisoa le li-surfactants tse chekang, li-surfactants tsa tlhahiso li fokola ka mefuta le bongata, haholo-holo tse sebelisoang ho etsa hore e be acid le ho qhaqha. Ho qhaqha li-surfactants, lipatlisiso mabapi le li-gelling agents li shebane haholo le li-gum tsa tlhaho tse fetotsoeng le cellulose, hammoho le li-polymers tsa maiketsetso tse kang polyacrylamide. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, tsoelo-pele ea machaba ho li-surfactants tse etsang hore e be acid e bile butle, 'me khatiso ea R&D e fetohela holithibela-mafomebakeng sa ho etsa hore e be le asiti. Hangata li-inhibitor tsena li hlahisoa ka ho fetola kapa ho kopanya thepa e tala e seng e ntse e le teng, ka sepheo se tšoanang sa ho netefatsa hore e na le chefo e tlase kapa e se nang chefo le ho qhibiliha ha oli/metsi kapa ho hasana ha metsi. Li-inhibitor tse kopantsoeng tse thehiloeng ho amine, quaternary ammonium, le alkyne alcohol li atile, ha li-inhibitor tse thehiloeng ho aldehyde li fokotsehile ka lebaka la matšoenyeho a chefo. Lintho tse ling tse ncha li kenyelletsa metsoako ea dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid e nang le li-amine tse boima bo tlase ba limolek'hule (mohlala, ethylamine, propylamine, C8–18 primary amines, oleic diethanolamide), le li-emulsifier tsa acid-in-oil. Chaena, lipatlisiso mabapi le li-surfactants bakeng sa ho qhaqha le ho etsa hore e be le asiti li saletse morao, ka tsoelo-pele e fokolang ho feta li-inhibitor tsa ho bola. Har'a lihlahisoa tse fumanehang, metsoako e thehiloeng ho amine (li-amide tsa mantlha, tsa bobeli, tsa boraro, kapa tsa quaternary le metsoako ea tsona) lia busa, li lateloa ke li-derivatives tsa imidazoline e le sehlopha se seng se seholo sa li-inhibitor tsa ho bola tse entsoeng ka tlhaho.
Li-surfactants tsa ho Bokella/Lipalangoang tsa Oli le Khase.
Patlisiso le nts'etsopele ea li-surfactants bakeng sa pokello/lipalangoang tsa oli le khase Chaena li qalile lilemong tsa bo-1960. Kajeno, ho na le lihlopha tse 14 tse nang le lihlahisoa tse makholo. Li-demulsifier tsa oli e tala ke tsona tse sebelisoang haholo, ka tlhoko ea selemo le selemo ea lithane tse ka bang 20,000. Chaena e hlahisitse li-demulsifier tse etselitsoeng masimo a fapaneng a oli, tseo boholo ba tsona li fihlelang litekanyetso tsa machaba tsa bo-1990. Leha ho le joalo, li-depressants tsa pour point, li-improver flow, li-decreator tsa viscosity, le li-agent tsa ho tlosa/thibela boka li ntse li lekanyelitsoe, boholo ba tsona e le lihlahisoa tse kopantsoeng. Litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa thepa e fapaneng ea oli e tala bakeng sa li-surfactants tsena li baka liphephetso le litlhoko tse phahameng tsa nts'etsopele ea sehlahisoa se secha.
Li-surfactants tsa Phekolo ea Metsi a Oli.
Lik'hemik'hale tsa kalafo ea metsi ke sehlopha sa bohlokoa ntlafatsong ea libaka tsa oli, ka tšebeliso ea selemo le selemo e fetang lithane tse 60,000 - hoo e ka bang 40% ea tsona ke li-surfactants. Ho sa tsotellehe tlhoko e kholo, lipatlisiso mabapi le li-surfactants tsa kalafo ea metsi Chaena ha lia lekana, 'me mefuta ea lihlahisoa e ntse e sa fella. Lihlahisoa tse ngata li fetotsoe ho tsoa kalafong ea metsi ea indasteri, empa ka lebaka la ho rarahana ha metsi a libaka tsa oli, ts'ebeliso ea tsona hangata e mpe, ka linako tse ling e hlōleha ho fana ka liphetho tse lebelletsoeng. Machabeng, nts'etsopele ea flocculant ke sebaka se sebetsang ka ho fetisisa lipatlisisong tsa li-surfactants tsa kalafo ea metsi, e hlahisang lihlahisoa tse ngata, leha tse 'maloa li etselitsoe ka ho khetheha kalafo ea metsi a litšila a libaka tsa oli.
Nako ea poso: Phato-20-2025