Mokhoa oa li-demulsifier tsa oli e tala o thehiloe molao-motheong oa phetiso-phetoho ea mohato-morao. Ha ho eketsoa demulsifier, phetoho ea mohato e etsahala: li-surfactants tse khonang ho hlahisa mofuta oa emulsion o fapaneng le o entsoeng ke emulsifier (e tsejoang e le li-demulsifier tsa mohato o morao) lia hlaha. Li-demulsifier tse joalo li arabela le li-emulsifier tse sa rateheng ho etsa li-complex, ka hona li tlosa emulsifier bokhoni ba eona ba ho emulsifier.
Mokhoa o mong ke ho phatloha ho bakoang ke ho thulana ha filimi ea interfacial. Tlas'a maemo a ho futhumatsa kapa ho sisinyeha, demulsifier e na le monyetla o moholo oa ho thulana le filimi ea interfacial ea emulsion, ebang e monya kapa e tlosa le ho nkela likarolo tsa lintho tse sebetsang holim'a metsi sebaka, ka hona e taboha filimi. Sena se fokotsa botsitso haholo, se baka ho flocculation le coalescence e lebisang ho demulsification.
Hangata ho hlaha li-emulsion tsa oli e tala tlhahisong le tlhoekisong ea lihlahisoa tsa peterole. Bongata ba oli e tala ea mantlha lefatšeng e fumanoa boemong ba emulsified. Emulsion e na le bonyane li-metsi tse peli tse sa tsoakoang, tseo e 'ngoe ea tsona e hasantsoeng hantle - marotholi a ka bang 1 μm ka bophara - ka har'a e 'ngoe.
E 'ngoe ea lino tsena hangata ke metsi, e 'ngoe hangata ke oli. Oli e ka 'na ea hasana hantle ka metsing hoo emulsion e fetohang mofuta oa oli-ka-metsing (O/W), moo metsi e leng karolo e tsoelang pele 'me oli e le karolo e hasantsoeng. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, haeba oli e etsa karolo e tsoelang pele 'me e nosetsa karolo e hasantsoeng, emulsion ke mofuta oa metsi-ka-metsing (W/O)—boholo ba li-emulsion tsa oli e tala ke tsa sehlopha sena sa morao.
Limolek'hule tsa metsi lia hohelana, joalo ka limolek'hule tsa oli; leha ho le joalo lipakeng tsa metsi le limolek'hule tsa oli ho na le matla a ho nyonya a sebetsang sebakeng sa tsona. Khatello ea bokaholimo e fokotsa sebaka sa ho kopana, kahoo marotholi a emulsion ea W/O a sekamela ho sphericity. Ho feta moo, marotholi a motho ka mong a rata ho kopana, moo sebaka sa 'ona sa bokaholimo se leng se senyenyane ho feta kakaretso ea libaka tse arohaneng tsa marotholi. Kahoo, emulsion ea metsi a hloekileng le oli e hloekileng ha e tsitse ka tlhaho: karolo e hasaneng e hohela ho kopana, e etsa mekhahlelo e 'meli e arohaneng hang ha ho nyonya ha interfacial ho thijoa - mohlala, ka ho bokellana ha lik'hemik'hale tse ikhethang sebakeng sa ho kopana, e leng se fokotsang khatello ea bokaholimo. Ka theknoloji, lits'ebetso tse ngata li sebelisa phello ena ka ho eketsa li-emulsifier tse tsebahalang ho hlahisa li-emulsion tse tsitsitseng. Ntho efe kapa efe e tsitsitseng emulsion ka tsela ena e tlameha ho ba le sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale se nolofalletsang tšebelisano-'moho ka nako e le 'ngoe le limolek'hule tsa metsi le oli - ke hore, e lokela ho ba le sehlopha se ratang metsi le sehlopha se ratang metsi.
Li-emulsion tsa oli e tala li bakoa ke botsitso ba tsona linthong tsa tlhaho tse ka har'a oli, hangata li na le lihlopha tsa polar tse kang lihlopha tsa carboxyl kapa tsa phenolic. Tsena li ka ba teng e le litharollo kapa li-colloidal dispersions, tse nang le tšusumetso e khethehileng ha li khomaretsoe li-interface. Maemong a joalo, likaroloana tse ngata lia hasana karolong ea oli 'me li bokellana sebakeng sa oli le metsi, li tsamaisana le lihlopha tsa tsona tsa polar tse shebaneng le metsi. Ka hona, lera le tsitsitseng la interfacial lea thehoa, le tšoana le sheath e tiileng e tšoanang le lera la likaroloana kapa lattice ea kristale ea parafini. Ho ea ka mahlo a hlobotseng, sena se iponahatsa e le lesela le koahelang lera la interface. Mokhoa ona o hlalosa botsofali ba li-emulsion tsa oli e tala le bothata ba ho li roba.
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, lipatlisiso mabapi le mekhoa ea ho tlosa mokelikeli oa oli e tala li shebane haholo le lipatlisiso tse nyane tsa lits'ebetso tsa ho kopanya marotholi le tšusumetso ea li-demulsifier holim'a thepa ea rheological ea interfacial. Leha ho le joalo, hobane ketso ea li-demulsifier holim'a li-emulsion e rarahane haholo, 'me ho sa tsotellehe lithuto tse pharaletseng tšimong ena, ha ho na khopolo-taba e kopaneng ea mokhoa oa ho tlosa mokelikeli o tsoang.
Mekhoa e 'maloa e ntse e tsejoa hona joale:
③ Mokhoa oa ho qhibiliha– Molek'hule e le 'ngoe kapa limolek'hule tse 'maloa tsa demulsifier li ka etsa li-micelles; li-coil tsena tsa macromolecular kapa li-micelles li qhibilihisa limolek'hule tsa emulsifier, li etsa hore oli e tala e kopantsoeng e senyehe.
④ Mokhoa oa ho fetola sebopeho o mennweng – Liteko tsa microscopic li senola hore li-emulsion tsa W/O li na le likhetla tsa metsi tse peli kapa tse ngata, tse nang le likhetla tsa oli tse pakeng tsa tsona. Tlas'a litlamorao tse kopaneng tsa ho futhumatsa, ho hlohlelletsa le ts'ebetso ea demulsifier, likarolo tse ka hare tsa marotholi lia hokahana, e leng se lebisang ho kopaneng ha marotholi le ho tlosoa ha marotholi.
Ho phaella moo, dipatlisiso tsa lehae mabapi le mekgwa ya ho tlosa mokelikeli bakeng sa ditsamaiso tsa oli e tala e emulsified ka O/W di fana ka maikutlo a hore demulsifier e loketseng e lokela ho fihlella maemo a latelang: tshebetso e matla ya bokahodimo; tshebetso e ntle ya ho kolobisa; matla a lekaneng a ho phaphamala; le bokgoni bo sebetsang ba ho kopanya.
Li-demulsifier li tla ka mefuta e mengata; li arotsoe ka mefuta ea surfactant, li kenyelletsa mefuta ea cationic, anionic, nonionic, le zwitterionic.
Li-demulsifier tsa Anionic: li-carboxylate, li-sulfonate, li-ester tsa polyoxyethylene fatty acid sulfate, jj.—mefokolo e kenyelletsa tekanyo e phahameng, katleho e fokolang, le ho ba kotsing ea ho fokotseha ha ts'ebetso ha ho na le li-electrolyte.
Di-demulsifier tsa cationic: haholo-holo matswai a ammonium a quaternary—a sebetsang hantle bakeng sa oli tse bobebe empa a sa lokela oli e boima kapa e tsofetseng.
Li-demulsifier tse seng tsa ionic: li-block copolymer tse qaliloeng ke li-amine; li-block copolymer tse qaliloeng ke li-alcohols; li-alkylphenol-formaldehyde resin block copolymers; li-phenol-amine-formaldehyde resin block copolymers; li-demulsifier tse thehiloeng ho silicone; li-demulsifier tse boima ba limolek'hule tse phahameng haholo; li-polyphosphates; li-modified block copolymers; le li-demulsifier tsa zwitterionic tse emeloang ke li-demulsifier tsa oli e tala tse thehiloeng ho imidazoline.
Nako ea poso: Tshitwe-04-2025