Iukuvimbela Ama-surfactants ayimpahla eyisisekelo enikeza ama-surfactants ukusetshenziswa kwawo okuwusizo kakhulu. Ahilelekile ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kwezinkulungwane zemindeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene nakuzo zonke izinhlobo zokukhiqiza kwezimboni.
Umphumela wokungaguquguquki kwama-surfactants
Imicu, ipulasitiki, neminye imikhiqizo ivame ukukhiqiza ugesi ongaguquki ngenxa yokungqubuzana, okuthinta ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo yabo. Isibonelo, uma izindwangu zefayibha ziphethe ugesi ongaguquki, zivame ukuba nezinkinga ezifana "nokunamathela emzimbeni" noma "ukunamathela okungaguquki", kanye nokuthambekela ekumunceni uthuli noma ukungcola. Umthelela kagesi ongaguquki emikhiqizweni yepulasitiki mkhulu nakakhulu. Imikhiqizo ayigcini nje ngokuheha uthuli kalula, okuthinta ukucaca kwayo, ukuhlanzeka kwendawo kanye nokubukeka kwayo, kodwa futhi inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kanye nenani lemikhiqizo.
Ukuze kuqedwe lesi simo sikagesi omile, indlela ye-surfactant antistatic isetshenziswa kakhulu njengamanje. Ama-surfactant anjalo abizwa ngokuthii-antistatic amanxusa.
- Izehlakalo ze-electrostatic kanye nezimbangela zazo
Nakuba kukhona umehluko emiphumeleni etholwe abacwaningi abahlukene mayelana nohlelo lokufakwa kukagesi wefayibha, imicu enezibopho ze-amide ezifana noboya, inayiloni, noboya bokwenziwa ivame ukushajwa kahle.
Isimo sokushaja kagesi esivamile sezinto, kusukela kokuhle kuya kokubi, simi kanje: (+) I-Polyurethane – Izinwele – Inayiloni – Uboya – Usilika – I-Fiber ye-Viscose – Ukotini – Irabha Eqinile – I-Acetate Fiber – I-Vinylon – I-Polypropylene – I-Polyer – I-Polyacrylonitrile – I-Polyvinyl Chloride – I-Vinyl Chloride – I-Acrylonitrile I-Copolymer – I-Polyethylene – I-Poltetrafluoroethylene (-). Nakuba imbangela yokukhiqizwa kukagesi ongaguquki ingakaqondakali ngokugcwele, ngokuvamile kukholelwa ukuthi lapho izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto zithintana, kukhiqizwa amashaja ahambayo phakathi kwezinto ezihlikihliwe, ngaleyo ndlela kukhiqizwe ugesi ongaguquki. Uhlobo lweshaja into ephethe lunganqunywa ngokutholakala noma ukulahleka kwama-electron. Uma into ilahlekelwa ama-electron, ishaja kahle; uma ithola ama-electron, ishaja kabi.
- I-ejenti yokulwa nokuqina
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokususa ugesi ongashintshi:
Indlela Yomzimba: Njengoba ubukhulu bukagesi ongaguquki buthintwa izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama, izindlela ezibonakalayo ezifana nokulungisa izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama, kanye nokukhishwa kwe-corona kungasetshenziswa ukususa ugesi ongaguquki ebusweni bezinto.
Indlela yamakhemikhali angaphezulu: Okusho ukuthi, ukusebenzisa ama-surfactant, aziwa nangokuthi ama-antistatic agents, ukwenza ukwelashwa kwendawo kuma-fiber kanye nemikhiqizo yepulasitiki noma ukuwaxuba abe amapulasitiki ukuze kufezwe injongo yokuqeda ugesi ongaguquki.
2.I. Ama-antistatic agents emicu
Izimo okufanele zihlangatshezwe ama-antistatic agents:
(1) Ungashintshi umuzwa wesandla wefayibha;
(2) Umphumela omuhle wokulwa nokungaguquguquki, umthamo omncane, futhi usasebenza kahle emazingeni okushisa aphansi;
(3) Ukuhambisana okuhle nemicu ye-resin;
(4) Ukuhambisana okuhle nezinye izithako;
(5) Akukho sici esikhipha amagwebu futhi akukho mabala amanzi;
(6) Ayinabo ubuthi futhi ayilimazi isikhumba;
(7) Ingagcina ukuzinza okuhle.
2.2. Izinhlobo zama-antistatic agents
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zama-antistatic agents asetshenziselwa imicu yi-cationic kanye ne-amphoteric ionic surfactants.
2.3. Indlela yokusebenza kwama-antistatic agents
Indlela yokuvimbela ukwakheka kwama-surfactants asetshenziselwa i-fiber antistatic ibonakala kakhulu ezicini ezimbili: ukuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kukagesi ongaguquki lapho ubuso bezindwangu ze-fiber buhlikihlwa kanye nokushabalaliswa kwamacala obuso. Ukuvimbela ukufakelwa kukagesi okungqubuzanayo kuhlobene kakhulu nesakhiwo sama-surfactants; kuyilapho ukushabalaliswa kwamacala obuso kuhlobene nenani lokumuncwa kanye ne-hygroscopicity yama-surfactants ezindwangu ze-fiber.
Ama-surfactant e-Cationic zingamunca kalula ebusweni bezintambo ezishajelwe kabi ngokusebenzisa amashaji azo amahle.
①Kunganciphisa ukushaja kobuso befayibha;
②Njengoba ama-surfactants e-cationic anamathela ebusweni befayibha ngama-ion e-quaternary ammonium ashajwe kahle, kanti amaketanga e-hydrocarbon angenawo umoya abheke ngaphandle, akha ifilimu yokumunca eqondiswe kahle eyakhiwe ngamaketanga e-hydrocarbon ebusweni befayibha. Le filimu yokumunca inganciphisa ngempumelelo amandla okumunca akhiqizwa ebusweni befayibha ngesikhathi sokumunca, ngaleyo ndlela yenze buthaka isimo sikagesi sokumunca.
Kumafayibha okwenziwa ane-polarity ephansi kanye ne-hydrophobicity enamandla, ama-surfactants e-cationic amunca ubuso befayibha ngamandla e-van der Waals ngamaketanga awo e-hydrocarbon angena-hydrophobic, kuyilapho amaqembu e-polar quaternary ammonium ebheke ngaphandle, emboza ubuso befayibha ngamaqembu e-polar angena-hydrophilic. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokwandisa ukuhanjiswa kobuso befayibha kodwa futhi kwandisa nomswakama wobuso bayo, okuzuzisa ekushabalaleni kukagesi omile okhiqizwa ukungqubuzana futhi kudlala indima yokulwa ne-static.
Inani lokumuncwa kwe-dioctadecyl ammonium chloride ebusweni bemicu yemvelo liphakeme kakhulu kunalelo elisemicu yokwenziwa. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi inomphumela ongcono wokulwa nokungaguquguquki emicu yemvelo.
Njengama-surfactants e-cationic, ama-surfactants e-ionic amphoteric anezinkokhelo ezinhle futhi angamunca phezu kwemicu ekhokhiswe kabi ukuze anciphise izinkokhelo ezimile. Amaqembu awo angenawo umoya nawo anomphumela wokunciphisa ukungqubuzana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kuqhathaniswa nama-surfactants e-cationic, aneqembu elengeziwe le-anionic esakhiweni sawo sama-molecule, ngakho-ke angakhuphula kangcono umswakama kanye nokushaja. Ngakho-ke, ama-surfactants e-ionic amphoteric angama-antistatic agents asebenza kahle, kodwa intengo yawo iphakeme kakhulu.
Ama-surfactant e-anionic kanye ne-non-ionic anemiphumela emibi yokulwa ne-static ngenxa yenani lawo eliphansi lokumuncwa ebusweni be-fiber. Inani lokumuncwa kwama-surfactant angewona i-ionic liphakeme kunelawa e-anionic ngoba alithintwa yi-surface charge ye-fiber, kodwa umphumela wawo ekushabalaleni kwe-static awulungile, ngakho-ke ikhono lawo lokulwa ne-static libi kakhulu kunelawa e-cationic kanye ne-amphoteric ionic surfactants.
- I-antistatic agent yepulasitiki
Indlela yokusebenza kwama-surfactants njengama-antistatic agents epulasitiki: Ama-surfactants amunca phezu kwepulasitiki ngamandla e-van der Waals anezinhlayiya zawo ze-hydrocarbon ezingasebenzi kahle, kuyilapho amaqembu awo e-polar enwebeka ngaphandle, akha ifilimu yokumunca eqondiswe kuma-surfactants ebusweni bepulasitiki. Le filimu inikeza ukuhanjiswa kwamandla, okuvumela ukuthi amashaji anganyakazi anyamalale kahle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ifilimu yokumunca inganciphisa nokungqubuzana phezu kobuso bepulasitiki.
Ama-antistatic agent epulasitiki ahlukaniswa ngohlobo lwe-surfactant ku:
(1) Uhlobo lwe-anionic;
(2) Uhlobo lwe-Cationic;
(3) Uhlobo lwe-amphoteric ionic;
(4) Uhlobo olungeyona i-ionic.
Ama-antistatic agents angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili ngokuya ngendlela asetshenziswa ngayo:
(1) Izinto ezivimbela ukusimama ezimbozwe ngaphezulu;
(2) Izinto ezilwa nokuqina ezinjengokuhlanganiswa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-12-2026