Ama-surfactant abhekisela ezintweni ezinganciphisa kakhulu ukucindezelwa kobuso besisombululo esiqondiwe, ngokuvamile zinamaqembu aqinile e-hydrophilic kanye ne-lipophilic angahlelwa ngendlela eqondile ebusweni besisombululo. Ama-surfactant afaka kakhulu izigaba ezimbili: ama-ionic surfactants kanye nama-non-ionic surfactants. Ama-ionic surfactants afaka nezinhlobo ezintathu: ama-anionic surfactants, ama-cationic surfactants, kanye nama-zwitterionic surfactants.
Ingxenye ephezulu yochungechunge lwemboni ye-surfactant ukuhlinzekwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezifana ne-ethylene, ama-fatty alcohols, ama-fatty acid, uwoyela wesundu, kanye ne-ethylene oxide; I-midstream inesibopho sokukhiqizwa nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ehlukanisiwe, kufaka phakathi ama-polyol, ama-polyoxyethylene ether, ama-fatty alcohol ether sulfates, njll.; Ngaphansi, isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni efana nokudla, izimonyo, ukuhlanza izimboni, ukuphrinta nokudaya izindwangu, kanye nemikhiqizo yokuwasha.
Ngokombono wemakethe ongezansi, imboni yensipho iyinkambu eyinhloko yokusetshenziswa kwama-surfactants, ebanga ngaphezu kuka-50% wesidingo esingezansi. Izimonyo, ukuhlanza kwezimboni, kanye nokunyathelisa nokufaka idayi kwezindwangu konke kubalelwa cishe ku-10%. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo komnotho waseShayina kanye nokwanda kwesilinganiso sokukhiqiza kwezimboni, ukukhiqizwa kanye nokuthengiswa kwama-surfactants kuqhubeke nokukhula. Ngo-2022, ukukhiqizwa kwama-surfactants eShayina kudlule amathani ayizigidi ezingu-4.25, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka okungaba ngu-4%, kanti inani lokuthengisa lalingamathani ayizigidi ezingu-4.2, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka okungaba ngu-2%.
I-China ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wama-surfactants. Ngokuqhubeka kwentuthuko yobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, imikhiqizo yethu iye yathola ukuqashelwa kancane kancane emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yekhwalithi yayo kanye nezinzuzo zokusebenza kwayo, futhi inemakethe ebanzi yaphesheya kwezilwandle. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inani lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe liye laqhubeka nomkhuba okhulayo. Ngo-2022, inani lama-surfactants athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-China lalicishe libe ngamathani angu-870000, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka okungaba ngu-20%, ikakhulukazi athunyelwa emazweni nasezifundeni ezifana ne-Russia, i-Japan, i-Philippines, i-Vietnam, i-Indonesia, njll.
Ngokombono wesakhiwo sokukhiqiza, ukukhiqizwa kwama-surfactants angewona ama-ionic eShayina ngo-2022 kungaba ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.1, okubalwa cishe u-50% wesamba sokukhiqizwa kwama-surfactants, okubalwa kuqala. Ukukhiqizwa kwama-surfactants anionic kungaba ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.7, okubalwa cishe u-40%, okubalwa okwesibili. Okubili kuyimikhiqizo eyinhloko yokuhlukanisa ama-surfactants.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izwe likhiphe izinqubomgomo ezifana "noHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lwe-14 Lokuthuthukiswa Kwekhwalithi Ephakeme Kwemboni Yama-Surfactant", "uHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lwe-14 Lokuthuthukiswa Kwekhwalithi Ephakeme Kwemboni Yama-Detergent aseShayina", kanye "noHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lwe-14 Lokuthuthukiswa Kwezimboni Okuluhlaza" ukudala indawo enhle yentuthuko yemboni yama-surfactant, ukukhuthaza ukuguqulwa nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni, kanye nokuthuthuka ekuvikeleni imvelo, kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu.
Njengamanje, baningi ababambe iqhaza emakethe, futhi umncintiswano wemboni ukhulu kakhulu. Njengamanje, kusenezinkinga ezithile embonini ye-surfactant, njengobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuphelelwe yisikhathi, izikhungo zokuvikela imvelo ezingaphansi kwezinga elifanele, kanye nokungatholakali ngokwanele kwemikhiqizo enenani eliphezulu. Imboni isenendawo enkulu yentuthuko. Esikhathini esizayo, ngaphansi kwesiqondiso sezinqubomgomo zikazwelonke kanye nokukhetha ukusinda kwemakethe kanye nokususwa kwayo, ukuhlanganiswa kanye nokususwa kwamabhizinisi embonini ye-surfactant kuzoba njalo, futhi ukuhlushwa kwemboni kulindeleke ukuthi kwande kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-10-2023