1. Ukuhlanza kwezimboni
Njengoba igama lisho, kubhekisela enkambisweni embonini yokususa ukungcola (ukungcola) okwakhiwe phezu kwezingxenye ezingaphansi ngenxa yemiphumela engokwenyama, yamakhemikhali, yebhayoloji neminye, ukuze kubuyiselwe indawo esimweni sayo sokuqala. Ukuhlanza kwezimboni kuthinteka kakhulu yizici ezintathu ezinkulu: ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza, imishini yokuhlanza kanye nezinto zokuhlanza. Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza buhlanganisa kakhulu: (1) Ukuhlanza kwamakhemikhali, okuhlanganisa ukukhahlela okuvamile, ukuwasha nge-alkali, ukuhlanza i-solvent, njll. Lolu hlobo lokuhlanza luvame ukudinga ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuhlanza kanye nezinto zokuhlanza. Ekuhlanzeni kwezimboni okuvamile, lolu hlobo lokuhlanza lunezindleko eziphansi, luyashesha futhi lulula, futhi seluhlale lusebenza kakhulu; (2) Ukuhlanza ngokomzimba, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanza ngejethi yamanzi ngomfutho ophezulu, ukuhlanza ukuphazamiseka komoya, ukuhlanza nge-ultrasound, ukuhlanza nge-electropulse, ukuhlanza ngokudubula, ukuhlanza ngesihlabathi, ukuhlanza iqhwa elomile, ukuhlanza ngomshini, njll. Lolu hlobo lokuhlanza lusebenzisa kakhulu imishini yokuhlanza, ehlanganiswe namanzi ahlanzekile, izinhlayiya eziqinile, njll. ukuhlanza. Lusebenza kahle kakhulu ekuhlanzeni, kodwa ngokuvamile imishini iyabiza futhi izindleko zokusebenzisa aziphansi; (3) Ukuhlanza kwezinto eziphilayo kusebenzisa umphumela wokuvuselela okhiqizwa yizinto ezincane ukuze kuhlanzwe, futhi kuvame ukusetshenziswa ekuhlanzweni kwezindwangu kanye namapayipi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezidingo zayo ezithile zomsebenzi wokuvuselela wama-enzyme ezinto eziphilayo, insimu yayo yokusebenza incane kakhulu. Kunezindlela eziningi zokuhlukanisa izinto zokuhlanza zezimboni, futhi ezivamile izinto zokuhlanza ezisekelwe emanzini, izinto zokuhlanza ezisekelwe emanzini kanye nezinto zokuhlanza ezisekelwe ku-solvent. Ngokuthuthukiswa kokuqwashisa ngemvelo, izinto zokuhlanza ezisekelwe ku-solvent ziyashintshwa kancane kancane, futhi izinto zokuhlanza ezisekelwe emanzini zizothatha indawo enkulu. Izinto zokuhlanza ezisekelwe emanzini zingahlukaniswa zibe izinto zokuhlanza ze-alkaline, izinto zokuhlanza ezine-acidic kanye nezinto zokuhlanza ezingathathi hlangothi ngokwezinga le-pH elihlukile. Izinto zokuhlanza zithuthukela ekuvikelweni kwemvelo okuluhlaza, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukonga amandla kanye nokonga, okubeka phambili izidingo ezilandelayo kuzo: izinto zokuhlanza ezisekelwe emanzini zithatha indawo yokuhlanza kwendabuko kwe-solvent; izinto zokuhlanza aziqukethe i-phosphorus, zine-nitrogen ephansi kuya kwengenayo i-nitrogen, futhi aziqukethe izinsimbi ezisindayo nezinto eziyingozi emvelweni; izinto zokuhlanza kufanele futhi zithuthukele ekugxileni (ukunciphisa izindleko zokuhamba), ukusebenza kanye nokukhethekile; izimo zokusebenzisa izinto zokuhlanza zilula kakhulu, okungcono kakhulu ekushiseni kwegumbi; Izindleko zokukhiqiza izinto zokuhlanza ziphansi ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zokusebenzisa kumakhasimende.
2. Izimiso Zokuklama Ukwakheka Kwama-Ejenti Okuhlanza Asekelwe Emanzini
Ngaphambi kokuklama ifomula ye-ejenti yokuhlanza, sivame ukuhlukanisa izinto ezingcolisayo. Izinto ezingcolisayo ezivamile zingahlukaniswa ngokwezindlela zokuhlanza.
(1) Izinto ezingcolisayo ezingancibilika ezixazululweni ze-asidi, i-alkali, noma i-enzyme: Lezi zinto ezingcolisayo kulula ukuzisusa. Kulezo zinto ezingcolisayo, singakhetha ama-asidi athile, ama-alkali, noma
ama-enzyme, uwalungiselele abe yizixazululo, bese ususa ukungcola ngqo.
(2) Izinto ezingcolisa amanzi: Izinto ezinjalo ezingcolisa amanzi, njengosawoti oncibilikayo, ushukela, kanye nesitashi, zingancibilikiswa futhi zisuswe ebusweni be-substrate ngezindlela ezifana nokucwiliswa emanzini, ukwelashwa nge-ultrasound, kanye nokufutha.
(3) Izinto ezingcolisa amanzi: Izinto ezingcolisa amanzi ezifana nesamente, i-gypsum, i-lime, nothuli zingamanziswa, zihlakazwe, bese zilengiswe emanzini ukuze zisuswe ngosizo lwamandla omshini wemishini yokuhlanza, izinto ezincibilikisa amanzi, izinto ezingena emanzini, njll.
(4) Ukungcola okungancibiliki emanzini: Izinto ezingcolisayo ezifana namafutha kanye ne-wax kudingeka zixutshwe, zixutshwe nge-saponized, futhi zihlakazwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ngosizo lwamandla angaphandle, izithasiselo, kanye nama-emulsifier ukuze zisuke ebusweni be-substrate, zakhe ukuhlakazeka, futhi zisuswe ebusweni be-substrate. Kodwa-ke, iningi lokungcola alikho ngesimo esisodwa kodwa lixutshwa ndawonye futhi linamathela ebusweni noma ngaphakathi kwe-substrate. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngaphansi kwamathonya angaphandle, lingabila, libole, noma likhunte, lakhe izinto ezingcolisayo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziyizinto ezingcolisayo ezisabelayo ezakhiwe ngokubopha kwamakhemikhali noma izinto ezinamathelayo ezakhiwe ngokubopha ngokomzimba, ukuzihlanza kahle kumele kudlule ezinyathelweni ezine ezinkulu: ukuncibilika, ukumanzisa, ukuhlanganisa kanye nokuhlakazeka, kanye nokuchithwa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-12-2026