Isilinganiso sama-surfactants e-cationic siphambene nesama-surfactants e-anionic, ngakho-ke ama-surfactants e-cationic avame ukubizwa ngokuthi “insipho ephambene”. Ngokuphathelene nesakhiwo sawo samakhemikhali, okungenani aneqembu elilodwa le-hydrophobic eline-chain ende kanye neqembu elilodwa le-hydrophilic eline-positive charge. Amaqembu e-hydrophobic ane-chain ende ngokuvamile atholakala kuma-fatty acid noma kumakhemikhali e-petroleum, ngakho-ke ama-fatty amine ayizinto ezibalulekile zokusetshenziswa kwama-surfactants e-cationic. Ama-surfactants e-cationic ane-detergent elinganiselwe, kodwa izakhiwo zawo zokulwa namagciwane kanye nokusondelana kwawo ekumuncweni ezindaweni eziqinile kuvelele kakhulu. Ezimonyweni, ngokuvamile asetshenziswa njengezithambisi zezinwele, ama-fungicides, ama-bacteriostats, ama-softeners, kanye nezithasiselo zokulwa nokubola kwezinwele, njll.
1. Usawoti we-amine onamafutha
Ama-amine anamafutha empeleni ayizisekelo eziphilayo. Awakhokhiswa ezixazululweni ezingathathi hlangothi, antula umsebenzi womphezulu we-cationic kuleli qophelo, futhi ayaphola uma i-pH ingaphezu kuka-7. Usawoti we-amine wesithathu otholakala ngokuncishiswa ngama-asidi angaphili noma angaphili unomswakama owanele futhi uqashelwa ngokugcwele njengama-surfactants asebenzayo e-cationic. Usawoti we-organic ngokuvamile uncibilika kakhulu emanzini kunosawoti angaphili. Akuvamile ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwensipho kanye ne-cleanser.
Ama-cations kasawoti e-ammonium angewona ama-quaternary azwela kakhulu ku-pH, ama-ion amaningi, kanye nama-electrolyte. Ama-amine e-ethoxylated, akhiqizwa yi-ethoxylation yama-amine anamafutha, angama-surfactants angahambisana nama-surfactants e-cationic ngemva kokulungiswa kwe-pH futhi abe nokuhlanza okuhle. Lapho ama-amine anamafutha esuswa nge-salicylic acid nomaα-chlorobenzoic acid, umsebenzi wazo wokulwa ne-antifungal ungathuthukiswa. Ama-compound e-quaternary ammonium phakathi kwama-amine anamafutha ayizinhlobo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zama-surfactants e-cationic.
Usawoti we-ammonium we-quaternary unokuqina okuhle ezindaweni ezi-acidic noma ze-alkaline (ngaphansi kuka-100).°C). Ukuncibilika kosawoti we-ammonium we-quaternary kuhlobene nobude bochungechunge lwe-alkyl; uma uchungechunge lude, kulapho ukuncibilika kwamanzi kuncipha khona. Usawoti we-ammonium we-C16-C18 monoalkyl trimethyl quaternary awuncibiliki kahle emanzini, uncibilika ezinyibilikini ze-polar, futhi awuncibiliki ezinyibilikini ze-non-polar. Usawoti we-Dialkyl dimethyl quaternary ammonium uyancibilika ezinyibilikini ze-non-polar futhi awuncibiliki emanzini.
Imisebenzi ekhethekile kasawoti we-quaternary ammonium isekufakweni kwawo ezindaweni ezishajelwe kabi kanye nemiphumela yawo yokubulala amagciwane kanye nokubulala amagciwane. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa nama-surfactants e-anionic, ama-oxide, ama-peroxide, ama-silicates, i-silver nitrate, i-sodium citrate, i-sodium tartrate, i-borax, i-kaolin, amaprotheni, kanye namanye ama-polymer cishe kuzonciphisa amandla awo okubulala amagciwane noma kubangele ukungcoliswa.
Ukuncibilika kosawoti we-alkyl quaternary ammonium kuhlobene namaqembu athanda amanzi; uma amaqembu amaningi athanda amanzi, kulapho ukuncibilika kwamanzi kuba ngcono khona. Ingxenye engu-5% ye-isopropanol noma isixazululo samanzi esingu-10% sine-pH engu-6-9. Zinokuqina okuhle kwamakhemikhali, ukumelana nokukhanya, ukushisa, ama-asidi aqinile, nama-alkali aqinile, futhi zine-permeability enhle, izakhiwo zokulwa ne-static, imiphumela yokulwa namagciwane (kanye ne-C12-C16 esebenza kahle kakhulu), kanye nokuvimbela ukugqwala okuhle kakhulu. Usawoti we-alkyl dimethyl quaternary ammonium unamaqembu amabili e-alkyl anochungechunge olude njengamaqembu athanda amanzi, abonisa ukuthamba okuhle, izakhiwo zokulwa ne-static, ikhono elithile lokubulala amagciwane, kanye nemiphumela emihle yokumanzisa kanye ne-emulsifying. Azicasuli kakhulu kune-alkyl trimethyl quaternary ammonium salts, zibonisa izakhiwo ze-cationic ngaphansi kwama-asidi abuthakathaka, futhi zakha ama-compounds angewona ama-ionic ngaphansi kwezimo ezingathathi hlangothi nezingama-alkaline.
2. Usawoti we-Alkyl imidazoline
I-Alkyl imidazoline iwumkhiqizo owakhiwe ukusabela kwama-fatty acid kanye ne-ethylenediamines ethathelwe indawo. I-amide ethylamine ikhiqizwa ngokushisa (ngokuvamile ku-220~240).℃) iguqulwa ibe yi-alkyl imidazoline.
I-Alkyl imidazoline iyi-organic monocyclic tertiary amine futhi iyisisekelo esiqinile esimaphakathi. Iyi-cationic surfactant ejwayelekile engamuncwa ngokuqinile ezindaweni ezishajelwe kabi, njengezinwele, isikhumba, amazinyo, ingilazi, iphepha, imicu, izinsimbi, nezinto eziqukethe i-silicon. Usawoti owakhiwe ngama-asidi ancibilikayo emanzini uvame ukwakha ama-gel ngamanani aphezulu. Ama-acetates, ama-nicotinate, ama-phosphate, nama-sulfate ayancibilika emanzini, kuyilapho usawoti wawo we-fatty acid ochungechunge olude ungancibilika ku-oyela. Inokuqina okuhle kokugcina ngaphansi kwezimo ezingamelani nomswakama, kodwa amakristalu angavela ngemva kokugcinwa isikhathi eside noma ukugcinwa ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu, futhi angabuyela esimweni esifanayo lapho efudunyezwa futhi exutshwa. Ukuthintana namanzi noma umswakama kuzobangela i-hydrolysis kancane kancane, kushintshe imisebenzi yawo. Ukushisa isikhathi eside, noma ngabe izinga lokushisa lenyuka laya ku-165℃, ngeke kuthinte ukuqina kwayo, kodwa umbala uzoshintsha. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi njengoba i-alkyl imidazoline iyisisekelo esiqinile esimaphakathi, iyacasula kakhulu isikhumba namehlo, kuyilapho usawoti we-alkyl imidazoline unciphise kakhulu ukucasuka.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-25-2026