Ukusetshenziswa kwama-Surfactants kumanyolo
Ukuvimbela ukuqoqwa komanyolo: Ngokuthuthuka kwemboni yomanyolo, amazinga omanyolo akhuphukile, kanye nokwanda kokuqwashisa ngemvelo, umphakathi ubeke izidingo eziphakeme ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza umanyolo kanye nokusebenza komkhiqizo.ama-surfactantkungathuthukisa ikhwalithi kamanyolo. Ukuphekela ama-cake sekuyisikhathi eside kuyinselele embonini kamanyolo, ikakhulukazi i-ammonium bicarbonate, i-ammonium sulfate, i-ammonium nitrate, i-ammonium phosphate, i-urea, kanye nomanyolo ohlanganisiwe. Ukuvimbela ukuphekela ama-cake, ngaphezu kwezinyathelo zokuqapha ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, ukupakisha, kanye nokugcina, ama-surfactant angangezwa kumanyolo.
I-Urea ivame ukuba yi-cake ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa nokugcinwa kwayo, okuthinta kakhulu ukuthengiswa kwayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo. Lesi simo senzeka ngenxa yokuphinda kusetshenziswe ebusweni be-urea granules. Umswakama ngaphakathi kwe-granules uyahamba uye phezulu (noma umunce umswakama womoya), wakhe ungqimba lwamanzi oluncane. Lapho amazinga okushisa eshintshashintsha, lo mswakama uyahwamuka, okwenza isixazululo esigcwele phezu kobuso sikhanye futhi kuholele ekubambeni.
EShayina, umanyolo we-nitrogen ukhona kakhulu ngezindlela ezintathu: i-ammonium nitrogen, i-nitrate nitrogen, kanye ne-amide nitrogen. Umanyolo we-nitro uwumanyolo ohlanganisiwe oqukethe i-ammonium ne-nitrate nitrogen. Ngokungafani ne-urea, i-nitrate nitrogen kumanyolo we-nitro ingamuncwa ngqo yizitshalo ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kwesibili, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle okuphezulu. Umanyolo ohlanganisiwe we-nitro ufanelekile ezitshalweni zemali ezifana nogwayi, ummbila, amakhabe, izithelo, imifino, kanye nezihlahla zezithelo, osebenza kangcono kune-urea enhlabathini ye-alkaline nasezindaweni zase-karst. Kodwa-ke, njengoba umanyolo ohlanganisiwe we-nitro ikakhulukazi uqukethe i-ammonium nitrate, e-hygroscopic kakhulu futhi edlula ezinguqukweni zesigaba sekristalu ngokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, ithambekele ekubambeni.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-Surfactants ekulungisweni kwenhlabathi engcolile
Ngokuthuthuka kwezimboni ezifana namakhemikhali kaphethroli, imithi, kanye nepulasitiki, izinto ezihlukahlukene ezingcolisa imvelo ezisebenzisa amanzi (isb., ama-hydrocarbon kaphethroli, izinto eziphilayo ezisebenzisa i-halogenated, ama-hydrocarbon aromatic polycyclic, izibulala-zinambuzane) kanye nama-ion ensimbi esindayo angena enhlabathini ngokuchitheka, ukuvuza, ukukhishwa kwezimboni, kanye nokulahlwa kwemfucuza, okubangela ukungcola okukhulu. Izinto ezingcolisa imvelo ezisebenzisa amanzi zibopha kalula nezinto eziphilayo zomhlaba, zinciphise ukutholakala kwazo futhi zivimbele ukusetshenziswa komhlabathi.
Ama-surfactant, angama-molecule amphiphilic, abonisa ukusondelana okunamandla namafutha, ama-hydrocarbon aromatic, kanye nezinto eziphilayo ezi-halogenated, okwenza asebenze kahle ekulungiseni inhlabathi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-Surfactants ekulondolozweni kwamanzi ezolimo
Isomiso siyinkinga yomhlaba wonke, lapho ukulahlekelwa kwesivuno ngenxa yesomiso kulingana nokulahlekelwa okuhlangene okuvela kwezinye izinhlekelele zezulu. Inqubo yokunciphisa ukuhwamuka kwamanzi ihilela ukufaka ama-surfactant ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukugcinwa komswakama (isb. amanzi ezolimo, izindawo zezitshalo), ukwakha ifilimu engancibiliki ebusweni. Le filimu ithatha isikhala esincane sokuhwamuka kwamanzi, inciphisa indawo ephumelelayo yokuhwamuka kwamanzi futhi ilondoloze amanzi.
Uma zifuthwa ezindaweni zezitshalo, ama-surfactant akha isakhiwo esiqonde ngqo: iziphetho zawo ezingathandi amanzi (ezibheke esitshalweni) ziyaxosha futhi zivimbele ukuhwamuka komswakama kwangaphakathi, kuyilapho iziphetho zazo ezithanda amanzi (ezibheke emoyeni) zenza kube lula ukuminyana komswakama womoya. Umphumela ohlangene uvimbela ukulahleka kwamanzi, uthuthukisa ukumelana nesomiso sezitshalo, futhi ukhuphula isivuno.
Isiphetho
Ngamafuphi, ama-surfactants anezicelo ezibanzi kubuchwepheshe bezolimo besimanje. Njengoba kuvela amasu amasha ezolimo futhi kuvela izinselele ezintsha zokungcola, isidingo socwaningo oluthuthukisiwe lwe-surfactant kanye nentuthuko sizokhula. Kungokudala ama-surfactants asebenza kahle kakhulu afanele lo mkhakha lapho singasheshisa khona ukufezwa kwesimanje kwezolimo eShayina.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-15-2025