Yiziphi ukusetshenziswa kwama-surfactants kwezolimo?

Ukusetshenziswa kwama-Surfactants kuMquba

Ukuvimbela ukwakheka kukamanyolo: Ngokuthuthuka kwemboni kamanyolo, amazinga akhuphukayo okuvundisa, nokwanda kokuqwashisa ngemvelo, umphakathi ubeke izimfuno eziphezulu ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza umanyolo nokusebenza komkhiqizo. Ukusetshenziswa kweama-surfactantsingathuthukisa ikhwalithi kamanyolo. Ukupheka amakhekhe kudala kuyinselelo embonini kamanyolo, ikakhulukazi i-ammonium bicarbonate, i-ammonium sulfate, i-ammonium nitrate, i-ammonium phosphate, i-urea, kanye nomanyolo ohlanganisiwe. Ukuze uvimbele ukupheka, ngaphezu kwezinyathelo zokuphepha ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, ukupakisha, nokugcinwa, ama-surfactants angafakwa kumanyolo.

I-Urea ijwayele ukwenza ikhekhe ngesikhathi sokuthutha nokugcinwa, okuthinta kakhulu ukuthengiswa nokusebenziseka kwayo. Lesi senzakalo senzeka ngenxa yokuvuselelwa kabusha kwe-urea granules. Umswakama ongaphakathi kwama-granules ufudukela phezulu (noma udonsa umswakama womkhathi), wenze ungqimba lwamanzi oluncane. Lapho amazinga okushisa eguquguquka, lo mswakamo uyahwamuka, okubangela isixazululo esigcwele phezulu sicwebezele futhi siholele ekugwemeni.

E-China, umanyolo we-nitrogen ngokuyinhloko ukhona ngezindlela ezintathu: i-ammonium nitrogen, i-nitrate nitrogen, ne-amide nitrogen. Umanyolo we-nitro ungumanyolo ohlanganisa ukugxila okuphezulu oqukethe kokubili i-ammonium ne-nitrate nitrogen. Ngokungafani ne-urea, i-nitrate nitrogen kumanyolo we-nitro ingamuncwa izitshalo ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kwesibili, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle okuphezulu. Umanyolo ohlanganisa i-nitro ulungele izitshalo zemali ezifana nogwayi, ummbila, amakhabe, izithelo, imifino nezihlahla zezithelo, usebenza kangcono kune-urea enhlabathini ene-alkaline nasezifundeni ze-karst. Kodwa-ke, njengoba umanyolo we-nitro compound ikakhulukazi uhlanganisa i-ammonium nitrate, ene-hygroscopic kakhulu futhi ushintsha isigaba se-crystal ngokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, ujwayele ukucwiliswa.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwama-Surfactants Ekulungisweni Kwenhlabathi Engcolisiwe

Ngokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezifana namakhemikhali e-petrochemicals, imithi, kanye namapulasitiki, izinto ezingcolile ezihlukahlukene ze-hydrophobic organic (isb., i-petroleum hydrocarbons, i-halogenated organics, i-polycyclic aromatics hydrocarbons, izibulala-zinambuzane) kanye nama-ion ensimbi esindayo angena emhlabathini ngokusebenzisa ukuchithwa, ukuvuza, ukuchithwa kwemboni, ukuchithwa okunzima, kanye nokukhishwa kwezimboni. Ukungcola kwe-Hydrophobic organic kuhlangana kalula ne-organic organic matter, ukunciphisa ukutholakala kwazo kwe-bioavailability futhi kuvimbele ukusetshenziswa komhlabathi.

Ama-surfactants, ama-amphiphilic molecules, abonisa ukuhlobana okuqinile kwamafutha, ama-hydrocarbon anephunga elimnandi, nama-halogenated organics, awenza aphumelele ekulungiseni inhlabathi.

Ukusetshenziswa kwama-Surfactants Ekugcinweni Kwamanzi Ezolimo

Isomiso siyinkinga yomhlaba wonke, ngokulahleka kwesivuno ngenxa yesomiso esilingana nokulahlekelwa okuhlangene okuvela kwezinye izinhlekelele zezulu. Inqubo yokucindezelwa kokuhwamuka ihlanganisa ukungeza izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukugcinwa komswakama (isb., amanzi ezolimo, izindawo zezitshalo), ukwakha ifilimu ye-monomolecular enganyibiliki phezulu. Le filimu ithatha indawo enomhwamuko elinganiselwe, inciphisa indawo ehwamukayo esebenzayo kanye nokugcina amanzi.

Lapho zifuthwa ezindaweni zezitshalo, ama-surfactants akha isakhiwo esiqondiswe: iziphetho zabo ze-hydrophobic (ezibheke isitshalo) zixosha futhi zivimbele ukuhwamuka komswakama wangaphakathi, kuyilapho iziphetho zabo ze-hydrophilic (ezibheke emoyeni) zenza kube lula ukufingqa komswakama womkhathi. Umphumela ohlangene uvimbela ukulahleka kwamanzi, uthuthukisa ukumelana nesomiso, futhi ukhuphule isivuno.

Isiphetho

Kafushane, ama-surfactants asetshenziswa kabanzi kubuchwepheshe besimanje bezolimo. Njengoba kuvela amasu amasha ezolimo kanye nezinselelo ezintsha zokungcoliswa kwemvelo, isidingo socwaningo oluthuthukisiwe nentuthuko izokhula. Kuphela ngokwakha ama-surfactants asebenza kahle kakhulu aklanyelwe lo mkhakha lapho singasheshisa ukufezeka kokuthuthuka kwezolimo e-China.