Phakathi nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezimbonini, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokungcolisa, ezifana nokupheka, izinsalela zikawoyela, isikali, ama-sediments, namadiphozithi abolayo, zinqwabelana kumishini nasemapayipini ezinhlelo zokukhiqiza. Lezi zimali ezifakwayo zivame ukuholela ekuhlulekeni kwemishini namapayipi, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zokukhiqiza, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwamandla, futhi ezimeni ezinzima, ngisho nezehlakalo zokuphepha.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezimboni ezintsha zokwenziwa, ukungcoliswa kwezimboni ezinoveli kuye kwavela ngokuqhubekayo, futhi izakhiwo zayo zamangqamuzana ziye zaba inkimbinkimbi ngokwandayo. Ukwengeza, izindlela zokunamathela namafomu phakathi kokungcoliswa kwezimboni kanye nezinto ezihlosiwe zokuhlanza ezihlukene ngokuvamile zincike ohlotsheni lokungcoliswa kanye nokwakheka kwesakhiwo kanye nezakhiwo ze-physicochemical zangaphezulu zezinto ezihlanzwayo. Ngenxa yezidingo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo, kunesidingo esikhulayo sokubola kanye nokungabi nobuthi bamakhemikhali, okuqhubeka nokubeka izinselelo ezintsha kubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza amakhemikhali.
Ukuhlanza amakhemikhali kuwubuchwepheshe obuphelele obuhlanganisa ukucwaninga kokwakheka okungcolile nezakhiwo, ukukhethwa nokwakhiwa kwama-ejenti okuhlanza nezithasiselo, ukukhethwa kwama-corrosion inhibitors, amasu enqubo yokuhlanza, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuhlanza, ukuqapha ubuchwepheshe ngesikhathi sokuhlanza, nokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile, phakathi kokunye. Phakathi kwalokhu, ukukhethwa kwama-ejenti okuhlanza kuyisici esibalulekile esinquma impumelelo yemisebenzi yokuhlanza, njengoba kuthinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanza, izinga lokwehla, izinga lokugqwala, kanye nezinzuzo zezomnotho zemishini.
Izinto zokuhlanza ngokuyinhloko zinezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko: i-ejenti yokuhlanza eyinhloko, ama-corrosion inhibitors, nama-surfactants. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sawo samangqamuzana, aqukethe womabili amaqembu e-hydrophilic kanye ne-hydrophobic, ama-surfactants adlala indima ekukhangiseni, ekungeneni, emulsification, ekuhlakazweni nasekuwasheni ngesikhathi sokuhlanza amakhemikhali. Azisetshenziswa nje kuphela njengama-ejenti asizayo kodwa futhi zibhekwa kabanzi njengezingxenye eziyinhloko, ikakhulukazi ezinqubweni ezifana nokuhlanza i-asidi, ukuhlanzwa kwe-alkaline, ukuvimbela ukugqwala, ukukhishwa kwamafutha, nokuvala inzalo, lapho ziqhubeka zibonisa khona umthelela wazo obalulekile.
I-ejenti yokuhlanza eyinhloko, ama-corrosion inhibitors, nama-surfactants yizingxenye ezintathu ezinkulu zezixazululo zokuhlanza amakhemikhali. Isakhiwo samakhemikhali esiyingqayizivele sama-surfactants siqinisekisa ukuthi, lapho sincibilika esixazululweni se-liquid, sinciphisa kakhulu ukungezwani kwendawo yesisombululo, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise amandla ayo okumanzisa. Ikakhulukazi lapho ukugcwala kwama-surfactants esixazululweni kufinyelela ku-critical micelle concentration (CMC), izinguquko eziphawulekayo zenzeka ekucindezelekeni kwendawo yesixazululo, ingcindezi ye-osmotic, i-viscosity, kanye nezakhiwo zokubona.
Ukumanzisa, ukungena, ukuhlakaza, ukufaka i-emulsifying, kanye nemiphumela yokuncibilikisa yama-surfactants ezinqubweni zokuhlanza amakhemikhali kufinyelela umphumela ophindwe kabili ngesigamu somzamo. Kafushane, ama-surfactants ekuhlanzweni kwamakhemikhali asebenza ngokuyinhloko imisebenzi emibili: okokuqala, athuthukisa ukugcwala okusobala kokungcoliswa kwemvelo okungancibiliki kahle ngesenzo sokusolubiliza sama-micelles, okwaziwa ngokuthi umphumela we-solubilization; okwesibili, ngenxa yamaqembu azo ama-amphiphilic, ama-surfactants adsorb noma aqongelela esibonakalayo phakathi kwezigaba zikawoyela nezamanzi, okunciphisa ukungezwani kobuso.
Lapho ukhetha ama-surfactants, kufanele kuqashelwe ngokukhethekile izakhiwo ze-ejenti yokuhlanza, ama-corrosion inhibitors, nama-surfactants, kanye nokuhambisana kokuxhumana kwabo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-28-2025