Ngesikhathi sezinqubo zokukhiqiza zezimboni, izinhlobo ezahlukene zokungcola, njengokupheka, izinsalela zikawoyela, isikali, inhlabathi, kanye namadiphozithi agqwalisayo, aqoqana emishinini nasemapayipini ezinhlelo zokukhiqiza. Lawa madiphozithi avame ukuholela ekungasebenzi kahle kwemishini kanye namapayipi, ukwehla kokusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zokukhiqiza, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okwandisiwe, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ngisho nezehlakalo zokuphepha.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngentuthuko esheshayo yezimboni ezintsha zokwenziwa, ukungcoliswa okusha kwezimboni kuye kwavela njalo, futhi izakhiwo zalo zama-molecule ziye zaba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela zokunamathela kanye namafomu phakathi kokungcoliswa kwezimboni kanye nezinhloso ezahlukene zokuhlanza ngokuvamile kuncike ohlotsheni lokungcoliswa kanye nokwakheka kwesakhiwo kanye nezakhiwo ze-physicochemical ezingaphezulu zezinto ezihlanzwayo. Ngenxa yezidingo zokuvikela imvelo, kunesidingo esikhulayo sokubola kanye nokungabi nobuthi kwama-chemical agents, okuhlala kuletha izinselele ezintsha kubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza amakhemikhali.
Ukuhlanza ngamakhemikhali ubuchwepheshe obuphelele obuhilela ucwaningo lokwakheka kokungcola kanye nezakhiwo, ukukhethwa nokwakhiwa kwezinto zokuhlanza kanye nezithasiselo, ukukhethwa kwezinto zokuvimbela ukugqwala, amasu enqubo yokuhlanza, ukuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuhlanza, ubuchwepheshe bokuqapha ngesikhathi sokuhlanza, kanye nokwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka, phakathi kokunye. Phakathi kwalokhu, ukukhethwa kwezinto zokuhlanza kuyisici esibalulekile esinquma impumelelo yemisebenzi yokuhlanza, njengoba kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanza, izinga lokunciphisa izinga, izinga lokugqwala, kanye nezinzuzo zomnotho zemishini.
Ama-ejenti okuhlanza aqukethe ngokuyinhloko izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko: i-ejenti yokuhlanza eyinhloko, ama-corrosion inhibitors, nama-surfactants. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sawo sama-molecule, aqukethe amaqembu athanda amanzi kanye nama-hydrophobic, ama-surfactants adlala indima ekumuncweni, ekungeneni, ekuhlanganiseni, ekuncibilikisweni nasekuhlanzweni ngesikhathi sokuhlanza amakhemikhali. Asetshenziswa nje kuphela njengezinto ezisizayo kodwa futhi abhekwa kabanzi njengezingxenye ezibalulekile, ikakhulukazi ezinqubweni ezifana nokuhlanza i-asidi, ukuhlanza i-alkaline, ukuvimbela ukugqwala, ukususa amafutha, kanye nokubulala amagciwane, lapho eqhubeka nokukhombisa khona umthelela wawo obalulekile.
I-ejenti yokuhlanza eyinhloko, izithibi zokugqwala, kanye nama-surfactants yizona zinto ezintathu eziyinhloko zezixazululo zokuhlanza ngamakhemikhali. Isakhiwo samakhemikhali esiyingqayizivele sama-surfactants siqinisekisa ukuthi, uma sincibilikiswa esixazululweni esiwuketshezi, sinciphisa kakhulu ukucindezeleka kobuso besisombululo, ngaleyo ndlela sithuthukise ikhono laso lokumanzisa. Ikakhulukazi lapho ukugcwala kwama-surfactants esixazululweni kufinyelela ekugxilweni okubalulekile kwe-micelle (CMC), kwenzeka izinguquko eziphawulekayo ekucindezelekeni kobuso besisombululo, ingcindezi ye-osmotic, i-viscosity, kanye nezakhiwo zokukhanya.
Imiphumela yokumanzisa, yokungena, yokusabalalisa, yokuhlanganisa, kanye neyokuncibilikisa yama-surfactants ezinqubweni zokuhlanza amakhemikhali ifinyelela umphumela ophindwe kabili ngesigamu somzamo. Ngamafuphi, ama-surfactants ekuhlanzeni amakhemikhali asebenza ngokuyinhloko imisebenzi emibili: okokuqala, athuthukisa ukugcwala okubonakalayo kokungcola okungokwemvelo okungancibiliki kahle ngesenzo sokuncibilikisa sama-micelles, esaziwa ngokuthi umphumela wokuncibilikisa; okwesibili, ngenxa yamaqembu awo ahlala emanzini amaningi, ama-surfactants ayamunca noma aqongelelane endaweni ephakathi kwezigaba zamafutha namanzi, okunciphisa ukucindezeleka kokuxhumana.
Uma ukhetha ama-surfactant, kufanele kuqashelwe kakhulu izakhiwo ze-ejenti yokuhlanza, ama-corrosion inhibitors, nama-surfactant, kanye nokuhambisana kokuxhumana kwawo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-28-2025