Ngokwendlela yokuhlukanisa amakhemikhali asendaweni kawoyela, ama-surfactants okusetshenziswa endaweni kawoyela angahlukaniswa ngokusetshenziswa kwezisetshenziswa zokumba, izisetshenziswa zakwamanye amazwe ezikhiqizayo, izisetshenziswa ezithuthukisiwe zokutholwa kukawoyela, izisetshenziswa zokuqoqa uwoyela negesi/zokuthutha, nezisetshenziswa zokuhlanza amanzi.
Drilling Surfactants.
Phakathi kwama-surfactants asezindaweni zikawoyela, ama-surfactants ambayo (okuhlanganisa izithasiselo zoketshezi lokumba kanye nezithasiselo zikasimende) abangela umthamo omkhulu kakhulu wokusetshenziswa—cishe u-60% wengqikithi yokusetshenziswa kwe-surfactant yendawo kawoyela. Ama-surfactants okukhiqiza, nakuba emancane ngobuningi, athuthuke kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe, akha cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yengqikithi. Lezi zigaba ezimbili zibambe ukubaluleka okubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwe-oilfield surfactant.
E-China, ucwaningo lugxile ezindaweni ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zendabuko kanye nokuthuthukisa ama-polymers okwenziwa anoveli (okuhlanganisa ama-monomers). Emazweni omhlaba, ucwaningo lokunezela uketshezi lokumba lukhethekile, lugcizelela ama-polymer okwenziwa eqembu le-sulfonic acid njengesisekelo semikhiqizo ehlukahlukene—okuyindlela engase ilolonge intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo. Ukuphumelela kwenziwe kuzinciphisi ze-viscosity, ama-ejenti okulawula ukulahlekelwa uketshezi, nezinto zokuthambisa. Ngokuphawulekayo, eminyakeni yakamuva, ama-polymeric alcohol surfactants anemiphumela yephuzu lefu iye yamukelwa kabanzi kuwo wonke amasimu kawoyela asekhaya, enza uchungechunge lwamasistimu oketshezi okumba utshwala be-polymeric. Ukwengeza, i-methyl glucoside kanye noketshezi lokumba olusekelwe ku-glycerin kubonise imiphumela ethembisayo yokusetshenziswa kwensimu, okuqhubekisela phambili ukuthuthukiswa kwama-surfactants okumba. Njengamanje, izithasiselo zoketshezi zokumba zaseChina zifaka izigaba eziyi-18 ezinezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane, kanti ukusetshenziswa konyaka kufinyelela kumathani angama-300,000.
Production Surfactants.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-surfactants okumba, ama-surfactants okukhiqiza ambalwa ngokwehlukahlukana nangobuningi, ikakhulukazi lawo asetshenziswa ekwenzeni i-asidi nokuqhekeka. Kuma-surfacturing surfactants, ucwaningo lwama-ejenti ajilisa ngokuyinhloko lugxile ezinsini zezitshalo zemvelo eziguquliwe kanye ne-cellulose, eduze kwama-polymer okwenziwa njenge-polyacrylamide. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inqubekelaphambili yamazwe ngamazwe ekufakweni kwe-acidizing fluid ihamba kancane, nokugcizelelwa kwe-R&D kushintshela ku-ama-corrosion inhibitorsukwenza i-acidizing. Lawa ma-inhibitors ngokuvamile athuthukiswa ngokushintsha noma ukuhlanganisa izinto ezingavuthiwe ezikhona, ngomgomo ofanayo wokuqinisekisa ubuthi obuphansi noma obungenabo ubuthi kanye nokuncibilika kukawoyela/amanzi noma ukuhlakazeka kwamanzi. Ama-inhibitors asekelwe ku-amine, i-quaternary ammonium, ne-alkyne alcohol blended inhibitors avamile, kuyilapho ama-aldehyde-based inhibitors enqabile ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngobuthi. Okunye okusha kuhlanganisa i-dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid complexes enama-amine anesisindo esiphansi (isb, i-ethylamine, i-propylamine, i-C8–18 primary amines, i-oleic diethanolamide), kanye nama-emulsifiers e-acid-in-oil. E-China, ucwaningo lwama-surfactants oketshezi oluqhekekayo nolune-asidi lubambezelekile, nenqubekelaphambili elinganiselwe ngale kwama-corrosion inhibitors. Phakathi kwemikhiqizo etholakalayo, ama-compounds asekelwe ku-amine (ama-amide ayinhloko, aphezulu, aphezulu, noma ama-quaternary kanye nezingxube zawo) abusa, alandelwa yi-imidazoline derivatives njengenye iklasi elikhulu le-organic corrosion inhibitors.
Ama-Surfactants Ezokuthutha Amafutha Negesi.
Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwama-surfactants okuqoqa uwoyela negesi/zokuthutha e-China kwaqala ngeminyaka yawo-1960s. Namuhla, kunezigaba eziyi-14 ezinamakhulu emikhiqizo. Ama-demulsifiers kawoyela ongahluziwe yiwona asetshenziswa kakhulu, anesidingo saminyaka yonke esingamathani angama-20,000. I-China ithuthukise ama-demulsifiers aklanyelwe izindawo zikawoyela ezihlukene, eziningi zazo ezihlangabezana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe zo-1990. Kodwa-ke, ama-point depressants athululela, izithuthukisi zokugeleza, izinciphisi ze-viscosity, nama-ejenti okususwa kwe-wax/okuvimbela kuhlala kunomkhawulo, ikakhulukazi imikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe. Izidingo ezihlukene zezindawo zikawoyela ongahluziwe ezihlukene zalezi zisetshenziswa ziletha izinselele kanye nezidingo eziphakeme zokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo omusha.
I-Oilfield Water Treatment Surfactants.
Amakhemikhali okwelapha amanzi ayisigaba esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwendawo kawoyela, lapho ukusetshenziswa kwawo ngonyaka kudlula amathani angama-60,000—cishe u-40% wawo okungama-surfactants. Naphezu kwesidingo esikhulu, ucwaningo mayelana nezinto ezisetshenziswa ekuhlanzeni amanzi e-China alwanele, futhi nebanga lomkhiqizo lihlala lingaphelele. Imikhiqizo eminingi ithathelwe ekuhlanzweni kwamanzi ezimbonini, kodwa ngenxa yobunkimbinkimbi bamanzi asezindaweni zikawoyela, ukusebenza kwawo kuvame ukuba kubi, kwesinye isikhathi ahluleke ukuletha imiphumela elindelekile. Emazweni ngamazwe, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-flocculant kuyindawo esebenza kakhulu ocwaningweni lwe-surfactant yokuhlanza amanzi, okukhiqiza imikhiqizo eminingi, nakuba embalwa yakhelwe ngokukhethekile ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi angcolile ase-oilfield.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-20-2025