Ngokwendlela yokuhlukanisa amakhemikhali e-oilfield, ama-surfactant okusetshenziswa e-oilfield angahlukaniswa ngokusetshenziswa kwawo kuma-surfactant okubhoboza, ama-surfactant okukhiqiza, ama-surfactant athuthukisiwe okubuyisa uwoyela, ama-surfactant okuqoqa/ukuthutha uwoyela negesi, kanye nama-surfactant okwelapha amanzi.
Izinto Zokubhoboza
Phakathi kwama-surfactants asezindaweni zikawoyela, ama-surfactants okubhoboza (kufaka phakathi izithasiselo zoketshezi lokubhoboza kanye nezithasiselo zokusimendeza) aqukethe inani elikhulu lokusetshenziswa—cishe u-60% wesamba sokusetshenziswa kwama-surfactant asezindaweni zikawoyela. Ama-surfactants okukhiqiza, nakuba emancane ngobuningi, athuthuke kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe, akha cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zesamba. Lezi zigaba ezimbili zibaluleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwama-surfactant asezindaweni zikawoyela.
EShayina, ucwaningo lugxile ezindaweni ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zendabuko kanye nokuthuthukisa ama-polymers amasha okwenziwa (kufaka phakathi ama-monomers). Emhlabeni jikelele, ucwaningo lokwengeza uketshezi lokubhoboza lukhethekile kakhulu, lugcizelela ama-polymers okwenziwa aqukethe iqembu le-sulfonic acid njengesisekelo semikhiqizo eyahlukahlukene—umkhuba ongase ulolonge intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo. Kuye kwenziwa ukuthuthuka kuma-viscosity reducers, ama-ejenti okulawula ukulahlekelwa uketshezi, kanye nama-lubricant. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi, eminyakeni yamuva nje, ama-surfactant e-polymeric alcohol anemiphumela yamafu asetshenziswe kabanzi ezindaweni zikawoyela zasekhaya, akha uchungechunge lwezinhlelo zoketshezi lokubhoboza utshwala lwe-polymeric. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uketshezi lokubhoboza olusekelwe ku-methyl glucoside kanye ne-glycerin lubonise imiphumela ethembisayo yokusetshenziswa kwensimu, okuqhuba kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwama-surfactant okubhoboza. Njengamanje, izithasiselo zoketshezi lokubhoboza zaseShayina zihlanganisa izigaba ezingu-18 ezinezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwaminyaka yonke okucishe kube ngamathani angu-300,000.
Izinto Zokukhiqiza Ezibangela Ukushisa
Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-surfactant okubhoboza, ama-surfactant okukhiqiza ambalwa ngokwehlukahluka nangobuningi, ikakhulukazi lawo asetshenziswa ekwenzeni i-acid kanye ne-fracturing. Ekuqhumeni ama-surfactant, ucwaningo ngama-gelling agents lugxile kakhulu ezinsinini zezitshalo zemvelo eziguquliwe kanye ne-cellulose, kanye nama-polymers okwenziwa njenge-polyacrylamide. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, intuthuko yamazwe ngamazwe ekwenzeni i-acid ibe yi-fluid surfactants iye yahamba kancane, kanti ukugcizelela kwe-R&D kushintshela ku-izithibi zokugqwalaukuze kwenziwe i-asidi. Lawa ma-inhibitor avame ukwakhiwa ngokushintsha noma ukuhlanganisa izinto zokusetshenziswa ezikhona, ngenhloso efanayo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ubuthi buphansi noma abunawo kanye nokuncibilika kwamafutha/amanzi noma ukuhlakazeka kwamanzi. Ama-inhibitor ahlanganisiwe asekelwe ku-amine, i-quaternary ammonium, kanye ne-alkyne alcohol avamile, kuyilapho ama-inhibitor asekelwe ku-aldehyde ehlile ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngobuthi. Ezinye izinto ezintsha zifaka phakathi ama-complex e-dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid anama-amine anesisindo esincane sama-molecule (isb., i-ethylamine, i-propylamine, ama-amine ayinhloko e-C8–18, i-oleic diethanolamide), kanye nama-emulsifier e-acid-in-oil. E-China, ucwaningo ngama-surfactants okukhipha uketshezi kanye nokwenza i-asidi luye lwahlala isikhathi eside, ngentuthuko encane ngale kwama-inhibitors okugqwala. Phakathi kwemikhiqizo etholakalayo, ama-compounds asekelwe ku-amine (ama-amide ayisisekelo, awesibili, awesithathu, noma ama-amide kanye nama-blends awo) ayabusa, kulandelwe ama-imidazoline derivatives njengenye iklasi enkulu yama-inhibitors okugqwala okuphilayo.
Izinto Zokuqoqa/Zokuthutha Amafutha Negesi
Ucwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwama-surfactants okuqoqa/ukuthutha uwoyela negesi eShayina kwaqala ngawo-1960. Namuhla, kunezinhlobo ezingu-14 ezinemikhiqizo eminingi. Ama-demulsifier kawoyela ongahluziwe yiwona asetshenziswa kakhulu, ngesidingo saminyaka yonke esingamathani angaba ngu-20,000. IShayina ithuthukise ama-demulsifier aklanyelwe izindawo ezahlukene zikawoyela, eziningi zazo ezihlangabezana nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke zeminyaka yawo-1990. Kodwa-ke, ama-pour point depressants, ama-flow improver, ama-viscosity reducers, kanye nama-wax removal/prevention agents ahlala elinganiselwe, ikakhulukazi imikhiqizo exubile. Izidingo ezahlukahlukene zezakhiwo ezahlukene zikawoyela ongahluziwe zala ma-surfactants ziletha izinselele kanye nezidingo eziphakeme zokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo omusha.
Izinto Zokuhlanza Amanzi Ezise-Oyili
Amakhemikhali okwelapha amanzi ayisigaba esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezindawo zikawoyela, lapho ukusetshenziswa kwaminyaka yonke kudlula amathani angu-60,000—cishe angu-40% awo angama-surfactants. Naphezu kwesidingo esikhulu, ucwaningo ngama-surfactants okwelapha amanzi eShayina alwanele, futhi uhla lwemikhiqizo aluphelele. Imikhiqizo eminingi ishintshwe kusukela ekuphathweni kwamanzi ezimbonini, kodwa ngenxa yobunzima bamanzi asezindaweni zikawoyela, ukusetshenziswa kwawo kuvame ukuba kubi, ngezinye izikhathi kwehluleka ukuletha imiphumela elindelekile. Emhlabeni jikelele, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-flocculant kuyindawo esebenza kakhulu ocwaningweni lwezindawo zikawoyela zokwelashwa kwamanzi, okukhiqiza imikhiqizo eminingi, yize embalwa yenzelwe ngqo ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile asezindaweni zikawoyela.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-20-2025