Izici Ezilawula Ukuzinza Kwe-Emulsions
Ezisetshenzisweni ezisebenzayo, ukuzinza kwe-emulsion kubhekisela emandleni amaconsi esigaba ahlakazekile okumelana nokubumbana. Phakathi kwezilinganiso zokulinganisa ukuzinza kwe-emulsion, izinga lokubumbana phakathi kwamaconsi ahlakazekile libaluleke kakhulu; linganqunywa ngokulinganisa ukuthi inani lamaconsi ngevolumu ngayinye lishintsha kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Njengoba amaconsi ku-emulsion ehlangana abe makhulu futhi ekugcineni aholela ekuqhekekeni, ijubane lale nqubo lincike kakhulu kulezi zici ezilandelayo: izakhiwo zomzimba zefilimu exhumanayo, ukuxoshwa kwe-electrostatic phakathi kwamaconsi, ukuvinjelwa kwe-steric okuvela kumafilimu e-polymer, i-viscosity yesigaba esiqhubekayo, usayizi wamaconsi kanye nokusatshalaliswa, isilinganiso sevolumu yesigaba, izinga lokushisa, njalo njalo.
Kulezi, isimo somzimba sefilimu yokuxhumana, ukusebenzisana kukagesi, kanye nokuvinjelwa kwe-steric yizona ezibaluleke kakhulu.
(1) Izakhiwo Ezibonakalayo Zefilimu Ephakathi
Ukungqubuzana phakathi kwamaconsi esigaba esihlakazekile kuyimfuneko yokuhlangana. Ukubumbana kuqhubeka ngokungaphezi, kunciphisa amaconsi amancane abe amakhulu kuze kube yilapho i-emulsion iphuka. Ngesikhathi sokungqubuzana nokuhlangana, amandla omshini wefilimu yokuxhumana yeconsi ami njengesici esiyinhloko sokuqina kwe-emulsion. Ukuze ifilimu yokuxhumana ibe namandla amakhulu omshini, kumele ibe ifilimu ehambisanayo—ama-molecule ayo e-surfactant ahlanganiswe ndawonye ngamandla aqinile aseceleni. Ifilimu kumele futhi ibe nokuqina okuhle, ukuze lapho kwenzeka umonakalo wendawo ngenxa yokungqubuzana kwamaconsi, ikwazi ukuzilungisa ngokuzenzekelayo.
(2) Ukusebenzisana kukagesi
Izindawo zamaconsi kuma-emulsion zingase zithole izindleko ezithile ngezizathu ezahlukene: i-ionization yama-ionic surfactants, ukumuncwa kwama-ion athile ebusweni bamaconsi, ukungqubuzana phakathi kwamaconsi nendawo ezungezile, njll. Kuma-emulsion kawoyela emanzini (O/W), ukushaja kwamaconsi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukuhlangana, ukuhlangana, kanye nokuqhekeka ekugcineni. Ngokusho kwethiyori yokuqina kwe-colloid, amandla e-van der Waals adonsela amaconsi ndawonye; kodwa lapho amaconsi esondela eduze ngokwanele ukuze izendlalelo zawo ezimbili zomphezulu zihlangane, ukuxoshwa kwe-electrostatic kuvimbela ukusondelana okwengeziwe. Ngokusobala, uma ukuxoshwa kudlula ukukhanga, amaconsi awakwazi ukushayisana futhi ahlangane, futhi i-emulsion ihlala izinzile; ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuhlangana kanye nokuqhekeka kuyalandela.
Ngokuphathelene nama-emulsion amanzi ku-oyili (W/O), amaconsi amanzi athwala ishaja encane, futhi ngenxa yokuthi isigaba esiqhubekayo sinokungaguquguquki kwe-dielectric okuphansi kanye nongqimba oluphindwe kabili olujiyile, imiphumela ye-electrostatic inethonya elincane kuphela ekuzinzeni.
(3) Ukuqina kwe-Steric
Lapho ama-polymer esebenza njengama-emulsifier, ungqimba lwe-interfacial luba lukhulu kakhulu, lwakha isivikelo esiqinile se-lyophilic esizungeze ithonsi ngalinye—isithiyo sendawo esivimbela amaconsi ukuthi asondele futhi axhumane. Imvelo ye-lyophilic yama-molecule e-polymer ibamba nenani elikhulu loketshezi oluqhubekayo ngaphakathi kwengqimba evikelayo, okwenza kube njengejeli. Ngenxa yalokho, indawo ye-interfacial ibonisa ukuthambekela okuphezulu kwe-interfacial kanye ne-viscoelasticity enhle, okusiza ukuvimbela ukuhlangana kwamaconsi nokugcina ukuzinza. Ngisho noma kwenzeka ukuhlangana okuthile, ama-polymer emulsifier avame ukuhlangana endaweni enciphile ngesimo se-fibrous noma se-crystalline, aqinise ifilimu ye-interfacial futhi ngaleyo ndlela avimbele ukuhlangana okwengeziwe.
(4) Ukufana Kokusatshalaliswa Kosayizi Weconsi
Uma ivolumu ethile yesigaba esihlakazekile ihlukaniswa ibe amaconsi anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, uhlelo oluqukethe amaconsi amakhulu lunendawo encane yokuhlangana futhi ngaleyo ndlela lube namandla aphansi okuhlangana, okunikeza ukuzinza okukhulu kwe-thermodynamic. Ku-emulsion lapho amaconsi obukhulu obukhulu nobukhulu obuncane ehlala khona, amaconsi amancane avame ukuncipha kuyilapho amakhulu ekhula. Uma lokhu kuqhubeka kuqhubeka kungalawulwa, ukuphuka kuzogcina kwenzeke. Ngakho-ke, i-emulsion enokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wamaconsi amancane, afanayo izinzile kakhulu kuneyodwa enosayizi wamaconsi ojwayelekile ofanayo kodwa ububanzi bosayizi wayo bubanzi.
(5) Ithonya Lokushisa
Ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa kungashintsha ukucindezeleka kwe-interfacial, izakhiwo kanye nokuqina kwefilimu ye-interfacial, ukuncibilika okuhlobene kwe-emulsifier ezigabeni ezimbili, ukucindezela komusi kwezigaba zoketshezi, kanye nokunyakaza kokushisa kwamaconsi ahlakazekile. Zonke lezi zinguquko zingathinta ukuzinza kwe-emulsion futhi zingase zibangele ukuguqulwa noma ukuphuka kwesigaba.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-27-2025