Indlela yokusebenza kwama-demulsifier kawoyela ongahluziwe isekelwe esimisweni sokuguqulwa kwesigaba-ukudluliselwa-ukuguqulwa kokuguquka. Lapho kungezwa i-demulsifier, kwenzeka ushintsho lwesigaba: ama-surfactants akwazi ukukhiqiza uhlobo lwe-emulsion oluphambene nolwakhiwe yi-emulsifier (okwaziwa ngokuthi ama-demulsifier esigaba esingemuva) ayavela. Ama-demulsifier anjalo asabela nama-emulsifier angathandi amanzi ukuze akhe ama-complex, ngaleyo ndlela aphuce i-emulsifier amandla ayo okuhlanganisa.
Enye indlela ukuqhekeka okubangelwa ukushayisana kwefilimu yokuxhumana. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa noma ukushukuma, i-demulsifier inethuba elanele lokushayisana nefilimu yokuxhumana ye-emulsion, noma inamathele kuyo noma isuse futhi ithathe indawo yezingxenye zezinto ezisebenza ebusweni, ngaleyo ndlela iqhume ifilimu. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu ukuzinza, okubangela ukugoqeka kanye nokuhlangana okuholela ekususweni kwe-mulsification.
Ama-emulsion kawoyela ongahluziwe avame ukuvela ekukhiqizweni nasekuhlanzweni kwemikhiqizo kaphethiloli. Iningi lamafutha angahluziwe ayinhloko emhlabeni atholakala esimweni se-emulsed. I-emulsion iqukethe okungenani uketshezi olubili olungaxubeki, olulodwa lwalo oluhlakazekile kahle—amaconsi angaba ngu-1 μm ububanzi—ngaphakathi kolunye.
Olunye lwalezi ziphuzo ngokuvamile luyimanzi, olunye luvame ukuba yi-oyili. Amafutha angasakazwa kahle emanzini kangangokuthi i-emulsion iba uhlobo lwe-oyili-emanzini (O/W), lapho amanzi eyisigaba esiqhubekayo bese kuthi i-oyili ibe yisigaba esihlakazekile. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma uwoyela wakha isigaba esiqhubekayo bese unisela isigaba esihlakazekile, i-emulsion iwuhlobo lwe-water-in-oyili (W/O)—ama-emulsion amaningi kawoyela ongahluziwe angaphansi kwalesi sigaba sokugcina.
Ama-molecule amanzi ayakhangana, njengoba kwenza ama-molecule kawoyela; kodwa phakathi kwamanzi nama-molecule kawoyela kukhona amandla axoshayo asebenzayo endaweni yawo. Ukucindezeleka kobuso kunciphisa indawo yokuhlangana, ngakho amaconsi ku-W/O emulsion athambekele ekujuleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaconsi ngamanye athanda ukuhlangana, okuyindawo yonke yobuso encane kunenani lezindawo ezihlukene zamaconsi. Ngakho-ke, i-emulsion yamanzi ahlanzekile namafutha ahlanzekile ayizinzile ngokwemvelo: isigaba esihlakazekile sidonsela ekuhlanganiseni, sakha izendlalelo ezimbili ezihlukene uma ukuxoshwa kobuso kulwiswana—isibonelo, ngokuqongelela amakhemikhali akhethekile endaweni yokuhlangana, okwehlisa ukucindezeleka kobuso. Ngobuchwepheshe, izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zisebenzisa lo mphumela ngokungeza ama-emulsifier aziwayo ukukhiqiza ama-emulsion azinzile. Noma iyiphi into eqinisa i-emulsion ngale ndlela kumele ibe nesakhiwo samakhemikhali esivumela ukusebenzisana ngasikhathi sinye nama-molecule amanzi kanye namafutha—okungukuthi, kufanele iqukathe iqembu elithanda amanzi kanye neqembu elithanda amanzi.
Ama-emulsion kawoyela ongahluziwe atholakala ezintweni zemvelo ezingaphakathi kwamafutha, ngokuvamile ephethe amaqembu e-polar njengeqembu le-carboxyl noma le-phenolic. Lawa angaba khona njengezixazululo noma ukuhlakazeka kwe-colloidal, abe nethonya elithile uma exhunywe kuma-interface. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izinhlayiya eziningi ziyahlakazeka esigabeni samafutha futhi ziqongelela endaweni yokuhlangana kwamafutha namanzi, ziqondana eceleni kwamaqembu azo e-polar aqondiswe emanzini. Ngakho-ke, ungqimba oluqinile lokuhlangana luvela, olufana ne-sheath eqinile efana nongqimba lwezinhlayiya noma i-paraffin crystal lattice. Ngamehlo angenalutho, lokhu kubonakala njengengubo emboza ungqimba lokuxhumana. Le ndlela ichaza ukuguga kwama-emulsion kawoyela ongahluziwe kanye nobunzima bokuwaphula.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ucwaningo ngezindlela zokususa i-emulsion kawoyela ongahluziwe lugxile kakhulu ekuphenyweni okucolekile kwezinqubo zokuhlanganisa amaconsi kanye nomthelela wama-demulsifier ezimpahleni ze-rheological ze-interfacial. Kodwa-ke ngenxa yokuthi isenzo sama-demulsifier kuma-emulsion siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi naphezu kwezifundo eziningi kulo mkhakha, akukho mbono ohlanganisiwe wendlela yokususa i-mulsification evele.
Izindlela eziningana ziyaqashelwa njengamanje:
③ Indlela yokuncibilikisa – I-molecule eyodwa noma ama-molecule ambalwa e-demulsifier angakha ama-micelles; lawa ma-coil ama-macromolecular noma ama-micelles ancibilikisa ama-molecule e-emulsifier, okwenza uwoyela ongahluziwe ohlanganisiwe uqhekeke.
④ Indlela yokuguqulwa okugoqiwe – Ukubonwa kwe-Microscopic kwembula ukuthi ama-emulsion e-W/O anamagobolondo amanzi amabili noma amaningi, anamagobolondo kawoyela ahlanganiswe phakathi kwawo. Ngaphansi kwemiphumela ehlangene yokushisa, ukuxubha, kanye nesenzo se-demulsifier, izendlalelo zangaphakathi zamaconsi ziyaxhunyaniswa, okuholela ekuhlanganiseni kwamaconsi kanye ne-demulsification.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lwasekhaya mayelana nezindlela zokususa i-mulsification zezinhlelo zikawoyela ongahluziwe ze-O/W lusikisela ukuthi i-demulsifier efanelekile kumele ihlangabezane nalezi zindlela ezilandelayo: umsebenzi oqinile wobuso; ukusebenza kahle kokumanzisa; amandla anele okugeleza; kanye nekhono eliphumelelayo lokuhlanganisa.
Ama-demulsifiers afika ngezinhlobo eziningi; ahlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ze-surfactant, afaka phakathi izinhlobo ze-cationic, i-anionic, i-nonionic, kanye ne-zwitterionic.
Ama-demulsifier e-anionic: ama-carboxylates, ama-sulfonates, ama-polyoxyethylene fatty acid sulfate esters, njll.—izinkinga zifaka phakathi umthamo ophezulu, ukusebenza kabi, kanye nokuthambekela ekusebenzeni okunciphile lapho kukhona ama-electrolyte.
Ama-demulsifier e-cationic: ikakhulukazi usawoti we-ammonium we-quaternary—asebenza kahle kumafutha alula kodwa awafaneleki kumafutha asindayo noma amadala.
Ama-demulsifier angewona ama-ionic: ama-block copolymer aqalwa ama-amine; ama-block copolymer aqalwa ama-alcohols; ama-alkylphenol-formaldehyde resin block copolymers; ama-phenol-amine-formaldehyde resin block copolymers; ama-demulsifier asekelwe ku-silicone; ama-demulsifier anesisindo sama-molecule esiphezulu kakhulu; ama-polyphosphates; ama-modified block copolymers; kanye nama-zwitterionic demulsifiers amelwe ama-demulsifier kawoyela ongahluziwe asekelwe ku-imidazoline.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-04-2025