1. Imiqondo Eyisisekelo Yama-Polymer Surfactants
Ama-polymer surfactants abhekisela ezintweni ezinesisindo sengqamuzana ezifinyelela ezingeni elithile (imvamisa ukusuka ku-103 kuye ku-106) futhi ezinezinto ezithile ezisebenza phezulu. Ngokwesakhiwo, zingahlukaniswa zibe ama-block copolymers, ama-graft copolymers, nabanye. Ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwe-ionic, ama-polymer surfactants ahlukaniswe izigaba ezine ezinkulu: i-anionic, i-cationic, i-zwitterionic, ne-nonionic. Ngokwemvelaphi yazo, zingahlukaniswa njengama-polymer surfactants emvelo, ama-polymer surfactants emvelo alungisiwe, nama-synthetic polymer surfactants.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-surfactants anesisindo esiphansi, izici eziyinhloko zama-polymer surfactants yilezi:
(1) Anekhono elibuthakathaka uma kuqhathaniswa lokunciphisa ukungezwani okungaphezulu nokuphakathi kobuso, futhi amaningi awawakhi ama-micell;
(2) Anesisindo esiphakeme samangqamuzana, okuphumela emandleni okungena abuthakathaka;
(3) Abonisa ikhono eliphansi lokukhihliza amagwebu, kodwa amagwebu awakhayo azinzile;
(4) Babonisa amandla amahle kakhulu okuhlanganisa;
(5) Banezinto ezivelele zokuhlakaza nokuhlangana;
(6) Iningi lama-polymer surfactants anobuthi obuphansi.
2. Izakhiwo ezisebenzayo zama-Polymer Surfactants
·I-Surface Tension
Ngenxa yokuziphatha kokuma kwezingxenye ze-hydrophilic kanye ne-hydrophobic yama-polymer surfactants endaweni noma ezindaweni zokuhlangana, banamandla okunciphisa ukungezwani okungaphezulu nokuhlangana kobuso, nakuba leli khono ngokuvamile lingaphansi kwalabo abaphuma ngaphandle abanesisindo esiphansi.
Amandla ama-polymer surfactants okwehlisa ukungezwani kwendawo abuthakathaka kunalawo anesisindo esiphansi sama-molecule, futhi umsebenzi wawo ongaphezulu wehla kakhulu njengoba isisindo samangqamuzana sikhula.
·Emulsification kanye Ukuhlakazeka
Ngaphandle kwesisindo samangqamuzana amaningi, ama-polymer surfactants amaningi angakha ama-micelles ngaphakathi kwesigaba esihlakazekile futhi abonise i-critical micelle concentration (CMC), ngaleyo ndlela afeze imisebenzi yokuhlanganisa. Isakhiwo sazo se-amphiphilic sivumela ingxenye eyodwa ye-molecule ukuthi ikhangise endaweni eyizinhlayiyana kuyilapho enye ingxenye incibilika esigabeni esiqhubekayo (i-dispersion medium). Uma isisindo samangqamuzana e-polymer singesiphezulu ngokweqile, sibonisa imiphumela yesithiyo eqinile, idala imigoqo endaweni yamaconsi e-monomer noma izinhlayiya ze-polymer ukuvimbela ukuhlangana nokuhlangana kwazo.
·Ukuqina
Lapho ama-polymer surfactants enesisindo samangqamuzana aphezulu kakhulu, angakhangiswa ezinhlayiyeni eziningi, enze amabhuloho phakathi kwawo futhi enze ama-flocs, ngaleyo ndlela asebenze njengama-flocculants.
·Eminye Imisebenzi
Ama-polymer surfactants amaningi ngokwawo awakhiqizi igwebu eliqinile, kodwa adalavimbela ukugcinwa kwamanzi okuqinile kanye nokuzinza kwegwebu elihle kakhulu. Ngenxa yesisindo sawo samangqamuzana aphezulu, aphinde abe nezinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme zokwakha ifilimu nezokunamathela.
·Solution Behaviour
Ukuziphatha kwama-polymer surfactants kuzincibilikisi ezikhethiwe: Ama-polymer surfactants amaningi ama-amphiphilic block noma ama-graft copolymers. Ezincibilikisini ezikhethiwe, ukuziphatha kwazo kwesixazululo kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunaleyo yama-molecule amancane noma ama-homopolymer. Izinto ezifana nesakhiwo samangqamuzana, isilinganiso sobude bezingxenye ze-amphiphilic, ukwakheka, kanye nezakhiwo ezincibilikayo kuthonya ngokuphawulekayo i-morphology yazo yesixazululo. Njengama-surfactants anesisindo esiphansi, ama-amphiphilic polymers anciphisa ukungezwani kwendawo ngokukhangisa amaqembu e-hydrophobic phezulu ngenkathi ngesikhathi esifanayo enza ama-micelles ngaphakathi kwesixazululo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-10-2025