1. Imiqondo Eyisisekelo Yama-Polymer Surfactants
Ama-surfactant e-polymer abhekisela ezintweni ezinesisindo sama-molecule esifinyelela ezingeni elithile (ngokuvamile kusukela ku-103 kuya ku-106) futhi ezinezakhiwo ezithile ezisebenzayo ebusweni. Ngokwesakhiwo, zingahlukaniswa ngama-block copolymers, ama-graft copolymers, nabanye. Ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwe-ionic, ama-surfactant e-polymer ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezine ezinkulu: i-anionic, i-cationic, i-zwitterionic, kanye ne-nonionic. Ngokusho kwemvelaphi yazo, zingahlukaniswa njenge-natural polymer surfactants, ama-modified natural polymer surfactants, kanye nama-synthetic polymer surfactants.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-surfactant anesisindo esincane sama-molecule, izici eziyinhloko zama-surfactant e-polymer yilezi:
(1) Zinekhono elibuthakathaka kakhulu lokunciphisa ukucindezeleka kobuso nobuso, futhi eziningi azakhi ama-micelles;
(2) Zinesisindo esiphezulu sama-molecule, okuholela emandleni okungena abuthakathaka;
(3) Zibonisa ikhono eliphansi lokukhuhla amagwebu, kodwa amabhamuza eziwakhayo azinzile;
(4) Zibonisa amandla amahle kakhulu okuhlanganisa i-emulsifying;
(5) Zinezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlakazeka kanye nokuhlangana;
(6) Iningi lama-surfactants e-polymer alinobuthi obuphansi.
2. Izakhiwo Zokusebenza Zama-Polymer Surfactants
·Ukucindezeleka Komphezulu
Ngenxa yokuziphatha kokuqondisa kwezingxenye ze-polymer surfactants ezihlala emanzini kanye nezihlala emanzini ezindaweni noma ezindaweni ezihlanganayo, zinekhono lokunciphisa ukucindezeleka kobuso nobuso, yize leli khono ngokuvamile liphansi kunele-surfactants ezinesisindo esincane sama-molecule.
Amandla e-polymer surfactants okwehlisa ukucindezeleka kobuso abuthakathaka kunalawo e-surfactants anesisindo esincane sama-molecule, futhi umsebenzi wawo wobuso wehla kakhulu njengoba isisindo sama-molecule sanda.
·Ukuhlanganiswa kanye nokuhlakazeka
Naphezu kwesisindo sawo esikhulu sama-molecule, ama-surfactant amaningi e-polymer angakha ama-micelles ngaphakathi kwesigaba esihlakazekile futhi abonise ukuhlushwa kwe-micelle okubalulekile (i-CMC), ngaleyo ndlela afeze imisebenzi yokuhlanganisa. Isakhiwo sawo esihlala emanzini sivumela ingxenye eyodwa ye-molecule ukuthi inamathele ezindaweni zezinhlayiya kuyilapho enye ingxenye incibilika esigabeni esiqhubekayo (i-dispersion medium). Lapho isisindo sama-molecule se-polymer singaphakeme kakhulu, sibonisa imiphumela yokuvimbela i-steric, idale izithiyo ezindaweni zamaconsi e-monomer noma izinhlayiya ze-polymer ukuvimbela ukuhlangana kwazo kanye nokuhlangana kwazo.
·Ukujiya
Uma ama-surfactant e-polymer enesisindo sama-molecule aphezulu kakhulu, angamunca izinhlayiya eziningi, akhe amabhuloho phakathi kwawo futhi adale ama-floc, ngaleyo ndlela asebenze njenge-flocculant.
· Eminye Imisebenzi
Ama-surfactant amaningi e-polymer ngokwawo awakhiqizi igwebu eliqinile, kodwa akhiqiza igwebu eliqinile.zivimbela ukugcinwa kwamanzi okuqinile kanye nokuqina kwegwebu okuhle kakhulu. Ngenxa yesisindo sazo sama-molecule aphezulu, zinezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokwakha ifilimu kanye nokunamathela.
·Ukuziphatha Kwesixazululo
Ukuziphatha kwama-surfactants e-polymer kuma-solvents akhethiwe: Ama-surfactants amaningi e-polymer angama-block noma ama-graft copolymers a-amphiphilic block. Kuma-solvents akhethiwe, ukuziphatha kwawo kwesisombululo kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunokwama-molecule amancane noma ama-homopolymers. Izici ezifana nesakhiwo sama-molecule, isilinganiso sobude bezingxenye zama-amphiphilic, ukwakheka, kanye nezakhiwo ze-solvent zithonya kakhulu isimo sazo sesisombululo. Njengama-surfactants anesisindo esincane sama-molecule, ama-polymers a-amphiphilic anciphisa ukucindezeleka kobuso ngokumunca amaqembu e-hydrophobic ebusweni ngenkathi ngesikhathi esifanayo enza ama-micelle ngaphakathi kwesisombululo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-10-2025