Amfani da surfactants a cikin samar da filin mai

Amfani damasu surfactantsa fannin samar da mai

1. Surfactants da ake amfani da su wajen haƙar mai mai nauyi

Saboda yawan danko da kuma rashin isasshen ruwa na mai mai yawa, yana kawo matsaloli da yawa ga hakar ma'adinai. Domin fitar da waɗannan mai mai nauyi, wani lokacin yana da mahimmanci a yi allurar ruwan surfactant a cikin ramin ƙasa don canza mai mai mai mai yawa zuwa ƙaramin danko na mai a cikin ruwa sannan a fitar da shi zuwa saman. Abubuwan da ake amfani da surfactant a cikin wannan hanyar emulsification da rage danko sun haɗa da sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyene polyamine, polyoxyethylene Vinyl alkyl alcohol ether sulfate sodium gishiri, da sauransu. Abubuwan da ake samarwa na mai a cikin ruwa suna buƙatar raba ruwan da amfani da wasu masu surfactant na masana'antu azaman masu cire ruwa don bushewa. Waɗannan masu cire ruwa sune masu fitar da ruwa a cikin mai. Ana amfani da su galibi sune masu tace cationic ko naphthenic acid, asfaltonic acid da gishirin ƙarfe mai yawa.

Ba za a iya haƙa mai mai nauyi na musamman ta hanyar na'urorin famfo na gargajiya ba, kuma yana buƙatar allurar tururi don murmurewa daga zafi. Don inganta tasirin murmurewa daga zafi, ana buƙatar amfani da surfactants. Zubar da kumfa a cikin rijiyar allurar tururi, wato, allurar kumfa mai jure zafi mai yawa da iskar gas mara narkewa, yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin daidaitawa da aka saba amfani da su.

Abubuwan da ake amfani da su wajen kumfa sune alkyl benzene sulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, petroleum sulfonates, sulfohydrocarbylated polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers da sulfohydrocarbylated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers, da sauransu. Saboda masu yin fluorinated surfactants suna da yawan aiki a saman kuma suna da karko ga acid, alkalis, iskar oxygen, zafi da mai, su ne abubuwan da suka dace don kumfa mai zafi. Domin a sa man da aka watsar ya ratsa cikin sauƙi ta cikin tsarin makogwaro na samuwar, ko kuma a sa man da ke saman samuwar ya zama mai sauƙin fitar da shi, ya zama dole a yi amfani da surfactant da ake kira wakilin watsa fim. Wanda aka fi amfani da shi shine aikin saman resin phenolic polymer na oxyalkylated.

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1. Masu aikin haƙar man fetur mai kakin zuma

Amfani da man fetur mai kakin zuma yana buƙatar a yi ta yawan hana kakin zuma da kuma cire kakin zuma. Masu surfactants suna aiki a matsayin masu hana kakin zuma da kuma masu cire kakin zuma. Akwai masu surfactants masu narkewar mai da kuma masu narkewar ruwa da ake amfani da su don hana kakin zuma. Na farko yana taka rawar hana kakin zuma ta hanyar canza halayen saman lu'ulu'u na kakin zuma. Masu surfactants masu narkewar mai da ake amfani da su a yau da kullun sune sulfonates na petroleum da amine surfactants. Masu surfactants masu narkewar ruwa suna taka rawar hana kakin zuma ta hanyar canza halayen saman da kakin zuma ya samar (kamar bututun mai, sandunan tsotsa da saman kayan aiki). Masu surfactants da ake da su sun haɗa da sodium alkyl sulfonates, quaternary ammonium salts, alkane polyoxyethylene ethers, aromatic hydrocarbon polyoxyethylene ethers da sulfonate sodium salts, da sauransu. Surfactants da ake amfani da su don cire kakin zuma suma an raba su zuwa fannoni biyu. Ana amfani da surfactants masu narkewar mai don cire kakin zuma mai tushen mai, da kuma sulfonate mai narkewar ruwa, nau'in gishirin ammonium na quaternary, nau'in polyether, nau'in Tween, nau'in surfactants na OP, nau'in sulfate mai tushen ko sulfo-alkylated flat-type da nau'in OP.sinadarin surfactantAna amfani da s a cikin na'urorin cire kakin zuma na ruwa. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an haɗa na'urorin cire kakin zuma na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje ta hanyar halitta, kuma an haɗa na'urorin cire kakin zuma na mai da na'urorin cire kakin zuma na ruwa ta hanyar halitta don samar da na'urorin cire kakin zuma na gauraye. Wannan na'urar cire kakin zuma tana amfani da hydrocarbons masu ƙamshi da gaurayen hydrocarbons masu ƙamshi a matsayin matakin mai, kuma tana amfani da emulsifier mai tasirin share kakin zuma a matsayin matakin ruwa. Lokacin da aka zaɓa emulsifier ɗin shine nonionic surfactant mai dacewa da wurin girgije, zafin da ke ƙasa da sashin cire kakin zuma na rijiyar mai zai iya kaiwa ko wuce wurin girgijensa, don haka na'urar cire kakin zuma ta gauraya za ta iya. Emulsification ya karye kafin shiga sashin samar da kakin zuma, kuma an raba wakilai biyu masu share kakin zuma, waɗanda a lokaci guda ke taka rawar share kakin zuma.

3. Masu surfactantsana amfani da shi don daidaita yumbu

An raba yumbu mai daidaita zuwa fannoni biyu: hana faɗaɗa ma'adanai na yumbu da hana ƙaurar ƙwayoyin ma'adinai na yumbu. Ana iya amfani da cationic surfactants kamar nau'in gishirin amine, nau'in gishirin ammonium na quaternary, nau'in gishirin pyridinium, da gishirin imidazoline don hana kumburin yumbu. Ana samun surfactants masu ɗauke da fluorine waɗanda ba ionic-cationic ba don hana ƙaurar ƙwayoyin ma'adinai na yumbu.

4. Masu surfactantsamfani da ma'aunin acidification

Domin inganta tasirin acidification, galibi ana ƙara nau'ikan ƙari iri-iri a cikin maganin acid. Duk wani surfactant wanda ya dace da maganin acid kuma wanda samuwarsa ke ɗauke da sauƙi za a iya amfani da shi azaman maganin acidification. Kamar fatty amine hydrochloride, quaternary ammonium gishiri, pyridine gishiri a cikin cationic surfactants da sulfonated, carboxymethylated, phosphate ester salted ko sulfate ester salted polyoxyethylene alkanes a cikin amphoteric surfactants tushe phenol ether, da sauransu. Wasu surfactants, kamar dodecyl sulfonic acid da gishirin alkylamine, na iya emulsify acid liquid a cikin mai don samar da acid-in-oil emulsion. Ana iya amfani da wannan emulsion a matsayin ruwa mai acidified masana'antu kuma yana taka rawa wajen rage acidification.

Ana iya amfani da wasu sinadaran surfactant a matsayin masu hana sinadarin acid a cikin ruwa. Ana iya amfani da sinadaran surfactant masu rassa kamar polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene propylene glycol ether da polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaethylene hexaamine a matsayin masu hana sinadarin acid a cikin ruwa.

Ana iya amfani da wasu sinadaran surfactants a matsayin hanyoyin magance matsalar magudanar ruwa marasa sinadarin acid. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su a matsayin hanyoyin magance matsalar magudanar ruwa sun haɗa da nau'in gishirin amine, nau'in gishirin ammonium na quaternary, nau'in gishirin pyridinium, nau'in surfactants marasa sinadarin nonionic, amphoteric da fluorine.

Ana iya amfani da wasu sinadaran surfactants a matsayin masu hana acidifying sulfuric, kamar surfactants masu narkewar mai, kamar alkylphenols, fatty acids, alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, quaternary ammonium salts, da sauransu. Saboda ba su da isasshen acidity, ana iya amfani da nonionic surfactants don watsa su a cikin acidic solution.

Domin inganta tasirin acidification, ana buƙatar a ƙara wani wakili mai juyawar ruwa a cikin maganin acid don mayar da danshi na yankin da ke kusa da rami daga lipophilic zuwa hydrophilic. Cakuda polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl alcohol ethers da phosphate-salted polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl alcohol ethers ana sha ta hanyar samuwar don samar da Layer na shawa na uku, wanda ke taka rawa wajen jika da juyawa.

Bugu da ƙari, akwai wasu sinadarai masu surfactants, kamar fatty amine hydrochloride, quaternary ammonium salt ko nonionic-anionic surfactant, waɗanda ake amfani da su azaman masu kumfa don yin ruwan kumfa mai aiki don cimma manufar rage tsatsa da zurfin acidification, ko kuma ana yin kumfa daga wannan kuma ana amfani da shi azaman ruwa kafin acidification. Bayan an yi musu allurar a cikin samuwar, ana allurar maganin acid. Tasirin Jamin da kumfa ke samarwa zai iya karkatar da ruwan acid, yana tilasta ruwan acid ɗin ya narke ƙananan layin permeability, ta haka yana inganta tasirin acidification.

5. Surfactants da ake amfani da su wajen auna karyewar jiki

Sau da yawa ana amfani da matakan karyewa a filayen mai marasa ƙarfi. Suna amfani da matsin lamba don buɗe samuwar don samar da karyewa, kuma suna amfani da proppant don tallafawa karyewar don rage juriyar kwararar ruwa da cimma manufar ƙara samarwa da kulawa. Wasu ruwan karyewa an ƙera su da surfactants a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin sinadaran.

Ana yin amfani da ruwa, mai, da kuma emulsifiers wajen samar da ruwan da ke karya mai a cikin ruwa. Ana amfani da emulsifiers wajen samar da surfactants na ionic, nonionic, da amphoteric. Idan aka yi amfani da ruwa mai kauri a matsayin matakin waje kuma aka yi amfani da mai a matsayin matakin ciki, za a iya shirya ruwan da ke karya mai a cikin ruwa mai kauri (polymer emulsion). Ana iya amfani da wannan ruwan da ke karya mai a yanayin zafi ƙasa da 160°C kuma zai iya karya emulsions ta atomatik da kuma fitar da ruwa.

Ruwan ƙura mai fashewa wani ruwa ne mai fashewa wanda ke amfani da ruwa a matsayin hanyar watsawa da iskar gas a matsayin matakin watsawa. Babban abubuwan da ke cikinsa sune ruwa, iskar gas da kuma sinadarin kumfa. Ana iya amfani da Alkyl sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfate ester salts, quaternary ammonium salts da OP surfactants a matsayin sinadaran kumfa. Yawan sinadarin kumfa a cikin ruwa gabaɗaya shine 0.5-2%, kuma rabon yawan iskar gas da girman kumfa yana cikin kewayon 0.5-0.9.

Ruwan da ke da alaƙa da mai wani ruwa ne da aka ƙera da mai a matsayin mai narkewa ko kuma mai watsawa. Man da aka fi amfani da shi a wurin shine ɗanyen mai ko kuma babban ɓangarensa. Domin inganta ɗanɗano da yanayin zafinsa, ana buƙatar ƙara man fetur mai narkewa (nauyin kwayoyin halitta 300-750). Ruwan da ke da alaƙa da mai kuma ya haɗa da ruwan da ke da alaƙa da mai da kuma ruwan da ke da alaƙa da kumfa. Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da mai sune anionic surfactants masu narkewa a mai, cationic surfactants da nonionic surfactants, yayin da masu daidaita kumfa da ake amfani da su a na ƙarshe sune polymer surfactants masu ɗauke da fluorine.

Ruwan da ke haifar da karyewar ruwa yana amfani da cakuda barasa (kamar ethylene glycol) da mai (kamar kerosene) a matsayin hanyar warwatsewa, ruwa carbon dioxide a matsayin matakin warwatsewa, da kuma polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether mai gishirin sulfate a matsayin emulsifier. Ko kuma emulsion ko kumfa da aka ƙera da sinadarin kumfa don karyewar tsarin da ke haifar da karyewar ruwa.

Ruwan da ke fashewa da ake amfani da shi don fashewa da kuma ƙara yawan acid shine ruwan da ke ƙara yawan acid da kuma ruwan da ke ƙara acid. Ana amfani da shi a cikin tsarin carbonate, kuma ana aiwatar da ma'auni guda biyu a lokaci guda. Dangane da surfactants akwai kumfa mai acid da kuma emulsion mai acid. Na farko yana amfani da alkyl sulfonate ko alkyl benzene sulfonate a matsayin maganin kumfa, na biyu kuma yana amfani da sulfonate surfactant a matsayin emulsifier. Kamar ruwan da ke ƙara acid, ruwan da ke ƙara yawan acid kuma yana amfani da surfactants a matsayin maganin hana emulsifiers, taimakon magudanar ruwa da kuma maganin juyawar ruwa, wanda ba za a tattauna a nan ba.

6. Yi amfani da surfactants don sarrafa bayanin martaba da matakan toshe ruwa

Domin inganta tasirin ci gaban allurar ruwa da kuma rage yawan ruwan da ke cikin danyen mai, ya zama dole a daidaita yanayin shaye-shayen ruwa a kan rijiyoyin allurar ruwa da kuma kara yawan samarwa ta hanyar toshe ruwa a kan rijiyoyin samarwa. Wasu daga cikin hanyoyin sarrafa bayanai da toshe ruwa galibi suna amfani da wasu surfactants.

Maganin sarrafa bayanin martaba na gel na HPC/SDS ya ƙunshi hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) da sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) a cikin ruwan sabo.

Ana narkar da Sodium alkyl sulfonate da alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride bi da bi a cikin ruwa don shirya ruwa guda biyu masu aiki, waɗanda ake allurar su cikin samuwar ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Ruwan biyu masu aiki suna hulɗa da juna a cikin samuwar don samar da alkyl trimethylamine. Sulfite yana haɓɓaka kuma yana toshe babban layin iskar oxygen.

Ana iya amfani da polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers, alkyl aryl sulfonates, da sauransu a matsayin masu kumfa, a narkar da su a cikin ruwa don shirya ruwan aiki, sannan a allura su cikin samuwar a madadin tare da ruwan aiki na carbon dioxide na ruwa, kawai a cikin samuwar (galibi yana da yawa. Layer mai shiga ciki) yana samar da kumfa, yana samar da toshewa, kuma yana taka rawa a cikin sarrafa bayanin martaba.

Ta amfani da wani sinadarin ammonium surfactant na quaternary a matsayin wani abu mai kumfa wanda aka narkar a cikin sinadarin silicic acid wanda ya ƙunshi sinadarin ammonium sulfate da gilashin ruwa sannan aka allurar a cikin samuwar, sannan aka allurar iskar gas mara narkewa (iskar gas ko chlorine), ana iya samar da wani nau'in ruwa a cikin samuwar farko. Kumfa a cikin layin watsawa, sannan aka haɗa sinadarin silicic acid, yana samar da kumfa mai ƙarfi a matsayin hanyar watsawa, wanda ke taka rawar toshe babban layin da ke shiga da kuma sarrafa bayanin martaba.

Ta amfani da surfactants na sulfonate a matsayin masu kumfa da kuma mahaɗan polymer a matsayin masu daidaita kumfa, sannan a yi allurar iskar gas ko abubuwan da ke samar da iskar gas, ana samar da kumfa mai tushen ruwa a ƙasa ko a cikin samuwar. Wannan kumfa yana aiki a saman Layer na mai. Yawancin sinadarin yana motsawa zuwa ga haɗin mai da ruwan, yana haifar da lalata kumfa, don haka ba ya toshe layin mai. Yana da zaɓi kuma mai toshe ruwa a rijiyar mai.

Maganin toshe ruwa na siminti mai tushen mai shine dakatar da siminti a cikin mai. Fuskar simintin tana da ruwa sosai. Idan ya shiga layin samar da ruwa, ruwa yana maye gurbin hulɗar da ke tsakanin rijiyar mai da simintin da ke saman simintin, wanda hakan ke sa simintin ya taurare ya toshe layin samar da ruwa. Domin inganta ruwan wannan sinadarin toshewa, yawanci ana ƙara carboxylate da surfactants.

Maganin toshe ruwa mai narkewar ruwa mai tushen ruwa maganin toshe ruwa ne na micellar wanda galibi ya ƙunshi man fetur ammonium sulfonate, hydrocarbons da alcohols. Yana ɗauke da ruwan gishiri mai yawa a cikin samuwar kuma yana zama mai kauri don samun tasirin toshe ruwa.

Maganin hana ruwa mai tushen ruwa ko mai na cationic surfactant yana dogara ne akan alkyl carboxylate da alkyl ammonium chloride gishiri kuma ya dace ne kawai don samuwar duwatsun yashi.

Maganin toshe ruwa mai ƙarfi wani nau'in mai ne mai nauyi wanda aka narkar da shi da sinadarin emulsifier mai ruwa-cikin-mai. Yana samar da sinadarin emulsion mai ƙarfi sosai bayan an cire ruwan da ke cikinsa don cimma manufar toshe ruwa.

Ana shirya sinadarin toshe ruwa ta hanyar fitar da mai mai nauyi a cikin ruwa ta amfani da sinadarin cationic surfactant a matsayin mai fitar da mai a cikin ruwa.

7. Yi amfani da surfactants don auna yashi

Kafin a fara aikin sarrafa yashi, ana buƙatar a yi allurar wani adadin ruwan da aka kunna wanda aka shirya da surfactants a matsayin ruwa kafin a fara tsaftace samuwar don inganta tasirin sarrafa yashi. A halin yanzu, surfactants da aka fi amfani da su sune anionic surfactants.

8. Maganin da ke kashe dattin mai

A matakan farko da na biyu na mai, ana amfani da na'urorin rage yawan mai da ruwa ke fitarwa don ɗanyen mai da aka fitar. An ƙirƙiro samfuran ƙarni uku. Tsarin farko shine carboxylate, sulfate da sulfonate. Tsarin na biyu shine ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta kamar OP, Pingpingjia da man castor na sulfonated. Tsarin na uku shine polymer nonionic surfactant.

A matakai na ƙarshe na dawo da mai na biyu da kuma dawo da mai na uku, man da aka samar galibi yana wanzuwa a cikin nau'in emulsion mai-cikin ruwa. Akwai nau'ikan demulsifiers guda huɗu da ake amfani da su, kamar tetradecyltrimethyloxyammonium chloride da didecyldimethylammonium chloride. Suna iya amsawa da anionic emulsifiers don canza ƙimar ma'aunin mai na hydrophilic, ko kuma Adsorbed a saman barbashi na yumbu mai-jike, suna canza yanayin jikewarsu da lalata emulsions mai-cikin ruwa. Bugu da ƙari, wasu anionic surfactants da nonionic surfactants masu narkewar mai waɗanda za a iya amfani da su azaman emulsifiers mai-cikin ruwa kuma ana iya amfani da su azaman demulsifiers don emulsions mai-cikin ruwa.

1. Masu aikin surfactants don maganin ruwa

Bayan an raba ruwan samar da mai daga man fetur, ruwan da aka samar yana buƙatar a yi masa magani don ya cika buƙatun sake allurar. Akwai dalilai shida na maganin ruwa, wato hana tsatsa, hana sikelin, tsaftace shi, cire iskar oxygen, cire mai da kuma cire abubuwa masu ƙarfi. Saboda haka, ya zama dole a yi amfani da masu hana tsatsa, masu hana tsatsa, masu kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, masu tara iskar oxygen, masu tace mai da kuma masu tace mai, da sauransu. Wadannan fannoni sun haɗa da masu tace ruwa na masana'antu:

Abubuwan da ke hana lalatawa a masana'antu sun haɗa da gishirin alkyl sulfonic acid, alkyl benzene sulfonic acid, perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid, linear alkyl amine salts, quaternary ammonium salts, da alkyl pyridine salts., gishirin imidazoline da abubuwan da suka samo asali, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, polyoxyethylene dialkyl propargyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene rosin amine, polyoxyethylene stearylamine da polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers Alkyl sulfonate, gishirin ammonium na ciki daban-daban, di(polyoxyethylene) alkyl salts da abubuwan da suka samo asali.

Abubuwan da ake amfani da su a matsayin magungunan hana ƙura sun haɗa da gishirin phosphate ester, gishirin sulfate ester, acetates, carboxylates da mahaɗan polyoxyethylene ɗinsu. Daidaiton zafin gishirin sulfonate ester da gishirin carboxylate ya fi na gishirin phosphate ester da gishirin sulfate ester.

Magungunan da ake amfani da surfactants na masana'antu da ake amfani da su a cikin maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta sun haɗa da gishirin alkylamine mai layi, gishirin ammonium na quaternary, gishirin alkylpyridinium, gishirin imidazoline da abubuwan da suka samo asali, gishirin ammonium na quaternary daban-daban, di(polyoxy) Vinyl) alkyl da gishirin ciki na abubuwan da suka samo asali.

Masu samar da sinadarai na masana'antu da ake amfani da su a cikin masu rage man shafawa galibi surfactants ne masu tsarin reshe da ƙungiyoyin sodium dithiocarboxylate.

10. Maganin ruwa mai tsafta don ambaliya mai sinadarai

Maido da mai na farko da na sakandare zai iya dawo da kashi 25%-50% na man fetur na ƙarƙashin ƙasa, amma har yanzu akwai ɗanyen mai da yawa da ke ƙasa kuma ba za a iya dawo da shi ba. Yin maido da mai na uku zai iya inganta maido da mai. Maido da mai na uku galibi yana amfani da hanyar ambaliyar ruwa ta sinadarai, wato, ƙara wasu sinadarai a cikin ruwan da aka yi allura don inganta ingancin ambaliyar ruwa. Daga cikin sinadarai da ake amfani da su, wasu akwai masu tace ruwa na masana'antu. Gabatarwa a takaice game da su ita ce kamar haka:

Hanyar ambaliyar ruwa mai sinadarai ta amfani da surfactant a matsayin babban wakili ana kiranta flooding surfactant. Surfactants galibi suna taka rawa wajen inganta dawo da mai ta hanyar rage tashin hankali tsakanin mai da ruwa da kuma ƙara yawan capillaries. Tunda saman samuwar dutse mai yashi yana da caji mara kyau, surfactants da ake amfani da su galibi anionic surfactants ne, kuma yawancinsu surfactants ne na sulfonate. Ana yin sa ta hanyar amfani da sinadarin sulfonating (kamar sulfur trioxide) don sulfonate fragments na man fetur tare da babban sinadarin hydrocarbon, sannan a raba su da alkali. Bayanansa: abu mai aiki 50%-80%, man ma'adinai 5%-30%, ruwa 2%-20%, sodium sulfate 1%-6%. Man fetur sulfonate ba ya jure wa zafin jiki, gishiri, ko ions na ƙarfe masu tsada. Ana shirya sulfonates na roba daga hydrocarbons masu dacewa ta amfani da hanyoyin roba masu dacewa. Daga cikinsu, α-olefin sulfonate yana da juriya musamman ga gishiri da ions na ƙarfe masu tsada. Ana iya amfani da sauran surfactants anionic-nonionic da carboxylate surfactants don canja wurin mai. Canjin mai na surfactant yana buƙatar nau'ikan ƙari guda biyu: ɗaya shine co-surfactant, kamar isobutanol, diethylene glycol butyl ether, urea, sulfolane, alkenylene benzene sulfonate, da sauransu, ɗayan kuma dielectric ne, gami da gishirin acid da alkali, galibi gishiri, wanda zai iya rage hydrophilicity na surfactant da ƙara lipophilicity, da kuma canza ƙimar daidaiton hydrophilic-lipophilic na wakilin aiki. Domin rage asarar surfactant da inganta tasirin tattalin arziki, ambaliya ta surfactant kuma tana amfani da sinadarai da ake kira wakilan hadaya. Abubuwan da za a iya amfani da su azaman wakilan hadaya sun haɗa da abubuwan alkaline da polycarboxylic acid da gishirinsu. Hakanan ana iya amfani da Oligomers da polymers azaman wakilan hadaya. Lignosulfonates da gyare-gyarensu wakilai ne na hadaya.

Hanyar fitar da mai ta amfani da sinadarai biyu ko fiye na man fetur ana kiranta flooding composite. Wannan hanyar fitar da mai da ke da alaƙa da surfactants ya haɗa da: flooding surfactant da polymer thickened surfactant; flooding surfactant da aka haɓaka da alkali + surfactant ko surfactant da aka haɓaka da alkali; flooding na tushen element tare da alkali + surfactant + polymer. Flooding na composite gabaɗaya yana da abubuwan da suka fi dawo da hankali fiye da hanya ɗaya. Dangane da nazarin da ake yi a yanzu game da yanayin ci gaba a gida da waje, flooding na composite composite yana da fa'idodi mafi girma fiye da flooding na composite binary. Surfactants da ake amfani da su a cikin composite composite mafi yawansu petroleum sulfonates ne, galibi ana amfani da su tare da sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid da carboxylates na polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, da polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol alkyl sulfonate sodium salts. da sauransu don inganta jurewar gishiri. Kwanan nan, a gida da waje, sun ba da muhimmanci sosai ga bincike da amfani da biosurfactants, kamar su rhamnolipid, sopholipid fermentation broth, da sauransu, da kuma gaurayen carboxylates na halitta da kuma lignin na alkali da aka yi da takarda, da sauransu, kuma sun sami sakamako mai kyau a gwaje-gwajen fili da na cikin gida. Kyakkyawan tasirin fitar da mai.