1. Surfactants don fitar da mai mai nauyi
Saboda yawan danko da rashin isasshen ruwa na mai mai yawa, amfani da shi yana fuskantar matsaloli da yawa. Don dawo da irin wannan mai mai nauyi, ana allurar ruwan surfactants a cikin ramin. Wannan tsari yana canza mai mai mai girman danko zuwa mai-cikin-ruwa (O/W) mai ƙarancin danko, wanda za'a iya tura shi zuwa saman. Abubuwan da ake amfani da surfactants a cikin wannan hanyar emulsification da rage danko sun haɗa da sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyene polyamine, da sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether sulfate.
Ana buƙatar a cire sinadarin mai a cikin ruwa daga jiki don raba sinadarin ruwa, wanda hakan kuma yana buƙatar amfani da wasu sinadaran da ke cikin ruwa a matsayin masu rage yawan sinadarin. Waɗannan sinadaran masu rage yawan sinadarin ruwa a cikin mai (W/O), waɗanda ake amfani da su akai-akai, ciki har da sinadaran cationic surfactants, naphthenic acid, asfaltenic acid, da kuma gishirin ƙarfe mai yawa.
Ga nau'ikan mai na musamman waɗanda na'urorin famfo na gargajiya ba za su iya amfani da su ba, ana buƙatar allurar tururi don murmurewa daga zafi. Don haɓaka ingancin murmurewa daga zafi, ana buƙatar masu amfani da surfactants. Allurar kumfa—watau, allurar kumfa mai jure zafi mai yawa tare da iskar gas mara narkewa—a cikin rijiyoyin allurar tururi ɗaya ce daga cikin dabarun da aka saba amfani da su. Magungunan kumfa da ake amfani da su akai-akai sun haɗa da alkylbenzene sulfonate, α-olefin sulfonate, petroleum sulfonate, sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, da sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether.
Ganin yadda suke aiki sosai a saman da kuma daidaitonsu a kan acid, alkalis, iskar oxygen, zafi, da mai, ana ɗaukar surfactants masu fluorinated a matsayin mafi kyawun sinadaran kumfa masu zafi. Bugu da ƙari, don sauƙaƙe wucewar mai da aka watsa ta cikin makogwaro ko kuma haɓaka fitar da mai daga saman samuwar, ana amfani da surfactants da aka sani da sinadaran watsa fim, inda nau'in da aka fi amfani da shi shine polyoxyalkylated phenolic resin polymer surfactants.
2. Surfactants don Maido da Man Kakin Dankali
Domin dawo da man fetur mai kakin zuma, dole ne a riƙa gudanar da ayyukan hana kakin zuma da kuma cire kakin zuma akai-akai, inda masu amfani da surfactants ke aiki a matsayin masu hana kakin zuma da kuma masu cire kakin zuma.
Masu surfactants don hana kakin zuma sun kasu kashi biyu: masu surfactants masu narkewar mai da kuma masu narkewar ruwa. Na farko suna yin tasirin hana kakin zuma ta hanyar gyara halayen saman lu'ulu'u na kakin zuma, tare da sulfonates na man fetur da kuma masu surfactants irin na amine waɗanda aka fi amfani da su. Masu surfactants masu narkewar ruwa suna aiki ta hanyar canza halayen saman da ke adana kakin zuma (kamar saman bututun mai, sandunan sucker da kayan aiki masu alaƙa). Zaɓuɓɓukan da ake da su sun haɗa da sodium alkyl sulfonates, quaternary ammonium salts, alkane polyoxyethylene ethers, aromatic hydrocarbon polyoxyethylene ethers, da kuma abubuwan da suka samo asali daga sodium sulfonate.
Ana kuma raba surfactants don cire kakin zuma zuwa nau'i biyu bisa ga yanayin amfani da su. Ana haɗa surfactants masu narkewar mai a cikin masu cire kakin zuma na mai, yayin da ake amfani da surfactants masu narkewar ruwa - gami da sulfonate-type, quaternary ammonium gishiri-type, polyether-type, Tween-type da OP-type surfactants, da kuma sulfate-esterified ko sulfonated Peregal-type da OP-type surfactants - a cikin masu cire kakin zuma na ruwa.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masana'antu na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje sun haɗa da fasahar hana kakin zuma ta hanyar amfani da fasahar hana kakin zuma, da kuma haɗakar masu cire kakin zuma ta hanyar amfani da man fetur da ruwa don ƙirƙirar masu cire kakin zuma ta hanyar amfani da hybrid hydrocarbons masu kamshi iri-iri a matsayin matakin mai, da kuma masu cire kakin zuma masu kamshi masu amfani da kakin zuma a matsayin matakin ruwa. Lokacin da mai cire kakin zuma da aka zaɓa ya kasance mai amfani da ruwa mara ionic tare da wurin girgije mai dacewa, zafin da ke ƙasa da sashin da ke adana kakin zuma na rijiyar mai zai iya kaiwa ko ya wuce wurin girgijensa. Sakamakon haka, mai cire kakin zuma ta hanyar amfani da hybrid yana narkewa kafin ya shiga sashin da ke adana kakin zuma, yana raba zuwa sassa biyu waɗanda ke aiki tare don cire kakin zuma.
Lokacin Saƙo: Janairu-04-2026