Menene biosurfactants?

Biosurfactants metabolites ne da ƙwayoyin cuta ke ɓoye yayin tafiyar rayuwarsu a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin noma. Idan aka kwatanta da sinadarai da aka haɗa su da sinadarai, biosurfactants suna da halaye na musamman, kamar bambancin tsari, haɓakar halittu, faffadan ayyukan nazarin halittu, da kuma abokantaka na muhalli. Saboda dalilai kamar wadatar albarkatun ƙasa, farashi, da ƙarancin aiki na kayan aikin roba-haɗe tare da halayensu na haifar da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen muhalli da kuma haifar da haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam yayin samarwa da amfani da bincike-bincike akan biosurfactants ya haɓaka sosai a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata yayin da wayar da kan muhalli da kiwon lafiya ta karu. Filin ya bunƙasa cikin sauri, tare da takaddun haƙƙin mallaka da yawa da aka shigar a duniya don nau'ikan biosurfactant daban-daban da hanyoyin samar da su. A kasar Sin, bincike ya fi mayar da hankali ne kan yadda ake amfani da kwayoyin halitta wajen inganta farfadowar mai da sarrafa kwayoyin halitta.

1.Nau'in Biosurfactants da samar da iri

1.1 Nau'in Biosurfactants

Abubuwan da aka haɗa su da sinadarai galibi ana rarraba su bisa ƙungiyoyin polar su, yayin da biosurfactants ana rarraba su gwargwadon kaddarorinsu na sinadarai da ƙwayoyin cuta masu samar da ƙwayoyin cuta. Gabaɗaya sun kasu kashi biyar: glycolipids, phospholipids da fatty acids, lipopeptides da lipoproteins, polymeric surfactants, da na musamman surfactants.

1.2 Samar da Matsalolin Biosurfactants

Yawancin biosurfactants sune metabolites na kwayoyin cuta, yeasts, da fungi. Waɗannan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan ana yin su ne daga tafkuna, ƙasa, ko muhallin ruwa da ke gurbatar da mai.

2.Samar da Biosurfactants

A halin yanzu, ana iya samar da biosurfactants ta hanyar manyan hanyoyi guda biyu: fermentation microbial da haɗin enzymatic.

A cikin fermentation, nau'in da yawan amfanin ƙasa na biosurfactants sun dogara da farko akan nau'in microorganism, matakin girma, yanayin ma'aunin carbon, yawan N, P, da ions ƙarfe (kamar Mg²⁺ da Fe²⁺) a cikin matsakaicin al'adu, da yanayin noma (pH, zafin jiki, saurin tashin hankali, da sauransu). Abubuwan amfani da fermentation sun haɗa da ƙananan farashin samarwa, bambancin samfurori, da matakai masu sauƙi, yana sa ya dace da samar da masana'antu masu girma. Koyaya, farashin rabuwa da tsarkakewa na iya zama babba.

Sabanin haka, abubuwan da aka haɗar da su ta hanyar enzymatically sau da yawa suna da mafi sauƙin tsarin kwayoyin halitta amma suna nuna kyakkyawan aikin saman daidai daidai. Fa'idodin tsarin enzymatic sun haɗa da ƙananan farashin hakar, sauƙi na gyare-gyaren tsari, tsarkakewa kai tsaye, da sake amfani da enzymes marasa motsi. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da surfactants da aka haɗar da su don samar da samfuran da aka ƙara masu ƙima, kamar kayan aikin magunguna. Ko da yake farashin enzyme a halin yanzu yana da yawa, ci gaba a aikin injiniyan kwayoyin halitta don haɓaka kwanciyar hankali da aiki ana sa ran rage kashe kuɗin samarwa.