ʻO ka waiwai holoi onā mea hoʻoheheʻeʻo ia ke ʻano kumu e hāʻawi ai i nā surfactants i kā lākou mau noi pono nui loa. Pili ia i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā o nā tausani o nā hale a ke hoʻohana nui ʻia nei ma nā ʻano āpau o ke ola a me nā kaʻina hana ʻoihana like ʻole.
Hopena Antistatico nā Surfactants
Hoʻopuka pinepine nā olonā, nā palakiko a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe i ka uila static ma muli o ka friction, kahi e hoʻopilikia ai i kā lākou hana noi. No ka laʻana, ʻeha pinepine nā lole olonā me nā uku static i nā drawbacks e like me ka pipili ʻana i ke kino, ka hoʻopili static, a me ke ʻano o ka omo ʻana i ka lepo a me ka lepo. ʻOi aku ka koʻikoʻi o nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka uila static i nā huahana palakiko. ʻAʻole wale nā huahana palakiko i hoʻopiʻi ʻia e static e hoʻopili maʻalahi i ka lepo, kahi e hōʻino ai i ka transparency, ka maʻemaʻe o ka ʻili a me ke ʻano o nā huahana, akā e hōʻemi pū i kā lākou hana lawelawe a me ka waiwai.
No ka hoʻopau ʻana i ia mau hanana static, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ke ʻano surfactant antistatic i kēia manawa. Ua kapa ʻia kēlā mau surfactants he mau mea antistatic.
Paukū 1 Nā Hanana Paʻa a me ko lākou mau Kumu
ʻOiai aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa i nā hopena o ke kaʻina uila o nā olonā i loaʻa e nā mea hoʻāʻo like ʻole, ʻo nā olonā e loaʻa ana nā pilina amide e like me ka hulu hipa, ka nylon a me ka hulu hipa hana e lawe pinepine i nā uku maikaʻi. Hōʻike ʻia ke kūlana uila o nā plastics maʻamau ma ka Papa 10.-2. Aia ma lalo ka papa hana uila o nā mea maʻamau mai ka maikaʻi a i ka maikaʻi ʻole:
(+) Polyurethane–Lauoho–Nailona–Hulu hipa–Silika–ʻO ka olonā viscose–Pulupulu–Laho paʻa–ʻO ke olonā acetate cellulose–Vinylon–Polypropylene–Polyester–Polyacrylonitrile–Polyvinyl chloride–ʻO ka copolymer vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile–Polyethylene–Polytetrafluoroethylene (-).
ʻAʻole maopopo loa ke ʻano kikoʻī o ka hana ʻana o ka uila static, akā naʻe aia kahi manaʻo like e kū mai ana ka uila static mai nā uku kelepona i hana ʻia ma waena o nā mea ke hamo nā ʻano mea like ʻole kekahi i kekahi. Hoʻoholo ʻia ke ʻano o ka uku a kahi mea e lawe ai e ka loaʻa ʻana a i ʻole ka nalowale ʻana o nā electrons. Lilo kahi mea i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia ke nalowale nā electrons a hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ke loaʻa iā ia nā electrons.
Paukū 2 Nā Mea Hana Antistatic
ʻElua mau ala nui e hoʻopau ai i ka uila static:
(1) Nā ʻano hana kino. ʻOiai ua hoʻopilikia ʻia ka nui o ka uila static e ka mahana a me ka makū, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hana kino e like me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka mahana a me ka makū a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka corona e wehe i ka uila static ma ka ʻili o nā mea.
(2) Nā ʻano kemika ʻili, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā surfactants (i kapa ʻia hoʻi he mau mea antistatic) e hana i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili ma nā huahana fiber a me nā plastik a i ʻole e hoʻohui iā lākou i loko o nā plastik e hoʻokō ai i ke kumu o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka static.
1. Nā mea hana antistatic no nā olonā
Nā waiwai e pono ai o nā mea antistatic:
(1) Mai hoʻololi i ke ʻano lima o nā olonā; (2) Hana antistatic maikaʻi me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka pono ma nā mahana haʻahaʻa; (3) Hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi me nā olonā resin; (4) Hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi loa me nā mea kōkua ʻē aʻe; (5) ʻAʻohe huʻa a ʻaʻohe hoʻokumu ʻana o ka wai; (6) ʻAʻohe mea ʻawahia a ʻaʻole hoʻonāukiuki i ka ʻili; (7) Mālama i ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi.
Nā ʻano o nā mea hana antistatic
ʻO nā ʻano nui o nā mea antistatic i hoʻohana ʻia no nā fibers he cationic a me amphoteric surfactants.
ʻAno hana o nā mea antistatic
ʻO ke ʻano antistatic o nā surfactants i hoʻohana ʻia no nā kumu antistatic fiber e hōʻike nui ʻia ana i ʻelua mau ʻano: ka pale ʻana i ka hanauna static i ka wā e hoʻopilikia ʻia ai nā lole fiber i ka friction a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o nā uku ʻili. ʻO ka pale ʻana i ka electrification frictional e pili pono ana i ke ʻano o nā surfactants, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o nā uku ʻili e pili ana i ka hiki ke adsorption a me ka hygroscopicity o nā surfactants ma nā lole fiber.
Hiki i nā surfactants cationic ke hoʻopili maʻalahi ma luna o nā ʻili fiber i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ma o kā lākou mau hoʻopiʻi ponoʻī.
①Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopau i nā uku o luna o nā olonā;
②Hoʻopili nā surfactants cationic ma luna o nā ʻili fiber ma kahi kuhikuhi kahi e hoʻopili ai nā ion ammonium quaternary i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia i ka ʻili fiber a kuhikuhi nā kaulahao hydrocarbon hydrophobic i waho, e hana ana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni adsorption i hana ʻia me nā kaulahao hydrocarbon ma luna o ka ʻili fiber. Hiki i kēia kiʻiʻoniʻoni adsorption ke hōʻemi pono i ka friction ma ka ʻili fiber i ka wā friction a hoʻonāwaliwali i ka electrification frictional.
No nā olonā synthetic me ka polarity haʻahaʻa a me ka hydrophobicity ikaika, hoʻopili nā surfactants cationic ma nā ʻili fiber ma o nā ikaika van der Waals e ko lākou mau kaulahao hydrocarbon hydrophobic, ʻoiai nā hui ammonium quaternary polar e kū pono ana i waho. No laila ua uhi ʻia ka ʻili fiber me nā hui polar hydrophilic, ʻaʻole wale ia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka conductivity o ka ʻili fiber akā hoʻonui pū i kona makū o ka ʻili, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka uila static i hana ʻia e ka friction a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā hopena antistatic.
ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hiki ke adsorption o ka dioctadecyl ammonium chloride ma nā ʻili o ka fiber kūlohelohe ma mua o nā fiber synthetic, e hōʻike ana he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana antistatic ma nā fiber kūlohelohe.
E like me nā surfactants cationic, lawe nā surfactants amphoteric i nā uku maikaʻi a hiki ke adsorb ma nā ʻili fiber i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole ʻia e hoʻopau i nā uku static. Hoʻemi pū kā lākou mau hui hydrophobic i ka friction. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā surfactants cationic, loaʻa i nā surfactants amphoteric kahi hui anionic hou i loko o kā lākou ʻano molekala, e hiki ai ke mālama maikaʻi i ka makū a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka uku. No laila, he mau mea antistatic hana kiʻekiʻe nā surfactants amphoteric, ʻoiai ma ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe.
Hōʻike nā surfactants anionic a me nonionic i ka hana antistatic maikaʻi ʻole ma muli o ko lākou hiki ke hoʻopili haʻahaʻa ma nā ʻili fiber. ʻAʻole i hoʻopilikia ʻia ka nui o ka adsorption o nā surfactants nonionic e ka uku ʻili o nā fibers a ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā surfactants anionic, akā he nāwaliwali ko lākou hopena i ka dissipation static. No laila, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ko lākou hiki ke antistatic ma mua o nā surfactants cationic a me amphoteric.
2. Nā mea hana antistatic no nā plastik
ʻO ke ʻano hana antistatic o nā surfactants i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau mea antistatic plastic penei: hoʻopili nā surfactants ma nā ʻili plastik e ko lākou mau kaulahao hydrocarbon hydrophobic ma o nā mana van der Waals, me nā hui polar e hoʻolōʻihi ana i waho. Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni adsorption oriented o nā surfactants ma luna o ka ʻili plastik e hāʻawi i ka conductivity, e ʻae ana i nā uku static e hoʻoheheʻe pono. I kēia manawa, hiki i ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni adsorption ke hōʻemi i ka friction ma nā ʻili plastik.
Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā mea antistatic plastik e ke ʻano surfactant:
(1)ʻAno anionic;
(2) ʻAno Cationic;
(3) ʻAno amphoteric;
(4) ʻAno nonionika.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea antistatic i ʻelua mau ʻāpana e like me ke ʻano o ka noi:
(1) Nā mea antistatic uhi ʻili;
(2) Hoʻohuihui ʻana i nā mea antistatic.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻOkakopa-10-2026