ʻEhia kou ʻike e pili ana i ka ʻike lana?

1. Ke kumumanaʻo o ka lana ʻana

ʻO ka flotation, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka flotation beneficiation, he ʻenehana hana mineral e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mineral pono mai nā mineral gangue ma ka interface gas-liquid-solid phase ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa o nā waiwai o ka ʻili o nā mineral like ʻole i loko o nā ores, a ua kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo "interface separation". ʻO nā kaʻina hana ʻenehana āpau e hoʻohana pololei a ʻaʻole pololei paha i nā interfaces phase e hoʻokō i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻāpana e pili ana i nā ʻokoʻa o nā waiwai interface o nā ʻāpana mineral like ʻole i kapa ʻia ʻo flotation.

ʻO nā waiwai o ka ʻili mineral e pili ana i nā waiwai kino, kemika a me nā waiwai ʻē aʻe o ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana mineral, e like me ka pulu ʻana o ka ʻili, nā waiwai uila o ka ʻili, nā ʻano, ka saturation, a me ka hana o nā pilina kemika o nā ʻātoma o ka ʻili, a pēlā aku. Loaʻa i nā ʻāpana mineral like ʻole kekahi mau ʻokoʻa i nā waiwai o ka ʻili. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau ʻokoʻa i nā waiwai o ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā mineral me ke kōkua o nā pilina pae. No laila, pili ke kaʻina hana flotation i nā pilina ʻekolu pae kinoea-wai-paʻa.

Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nā ʻano o ka ʻili mineral ma o ke komo ʻana o ka hana, me ka pahuhopu o ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa o ka ʻili ma waena o nā mineral pono a me nā ʻāpana mineral gangue e hoʻomaʻalahi i ko lākou kaʻawale ʻana. I ka flotation, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā reagents flotation e hoʻololi i nā ʻano o ka ʻili mineral, hoʻonui i nā ʻokoʻa o nā ʻano o ka ʻili ma waena o nā mineral, hoʻonui a hoʻemi paha i ka hydrophobicity o nā ʻili mineral, i mea e hoʻoponopono ai a kāohi i ke ʻano flotation o nā mineral a loaʻa nā hopena kaʻawale maikaʻi aʻe. No laila, pili loa ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana flotation i nā reagents flotation.

ʻOiai ʻokoʻa nā ʻano o ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana mineral mai nā ʻano kino mineral e like me ka nui a me ka hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻano o ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana mineral ma ke ʻano hana e loaʻa ai nā ʻokoʻa e pono ai i nā ʻano o ka ʻili ma waena o nā mineral no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana. No laila, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka flotation i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā mineral a ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ke ʻano hana mineral honua. ʻO ia ke ʻano hana mineral i hoʻohana nui ʻia a maikaʻi loa i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea maikaʻi a me nā mea ultra-fine.

2. Nā noi o ka Flotation

ʻO ka hana ʻana i nā minelala kahi hana hana e hoʻomākaukau ai i nā mea maka no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka metala a me ka ʻoihana kemika, a ua lilo ka flotation froth i kekahi o nā ʻano hana minelala koʻikoʻi loa. Aneane hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kumuwaiwai minelala āpau e ka flotation.

I kēia manawa, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka flotation i nā ores metala ferrous no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hao a me ka manganese, e like me ka hematite, smithsonite, ilmenite a me nā minelala ʻē aʻe; nā ores metala makamae no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke gula a me ke kālā; nā ores metala ʻole e like me ke keleawe, ke kēpau, ka zinc, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, antimony, me nā minelala sulfide e like me galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, molybdenite, pentlandite, a me nā minelala oxide e like me malachite, cerussite, hemimorphite, cassiterite, wolframite; ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā minelala paʻakai ʻole e like me ka fluorite, apatite, barite, a me nā minelala paʻakai hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e like me ka paʻakai potash a me ka paʻakai pōhaku; a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā minelala ʻole a me nā minelala silicate e like me ke kalapona, graphite, sulfur, daimana, quartz, mica, feldspar, beryl, spodumene.

Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻo Flotation i ka ʻike nui ma ke kahua o ka hana ʻana i nā minerala, me ka holomua ʻenehana mau. No nā minerala haʻahaʻa a paʻakikī hoʻi i manaʻo ʻia ma mua ʻaʻohe waiwai hoʻohana ʻoihana, ke hana hou ʻia nei lākou (nā kumuwaiwai lua) ma o ka flotation.

I ka lilo ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai mineral i mea wiwi, ua hoʻolaha maikaʻi ʻia nā mineral pono a hui pū ʻia i loko o nā ores, e paʻakikī ai ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana; i mea e hōʻemi ai i nā kumukūʻai hana, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā koi o nā ʻoihana e like me nā mea metallurgical a me nā kemika ma nā kūlana maikaʻi a me ka pololei o nā mea maka i hana ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā huahana i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia.

Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, pono e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi; ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, e pili ana i ka pilikia he paʻakikī ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā minelala ma muli o ka nui o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, ua hōʻike nui ʻia ka flotation i nā pono ma mua o nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe, e lilo ana i ke ʻano hana mineral i hoʻohana nui ʻia a hoʻohiki i kēia manawa. Ua ulu mālie nā ʻano hana flotation mai ka hoʻohana mua ʻia ʻana no nā minelala sulfide i nā minelala oxide a me nā minelala ʻaʻole metala. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka nui o nā minelala i hana ʻia e ka flotation ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa e hiki i nā piliona tone i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka ʻenehana flotation i ke kahua o ka ʻenekinia hana mineral, akā ua hoʻonui ʻia i ka palekana o ke kaiapuni, metallurgy, hana pepa, mahiʻai, ʻoihana kemika, meaʻai, nā mea hana, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, biology a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.

No ka laʻana, ʻo ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka flotation o nā ʻāpana pono i nā huahana waena, nā volatiles a me nā slags o ka pyrometallurgy; ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka flotation o nā koena leaching hydrometallurgical a me nā huahana precipitation i hoʻoneʻe ʻia; ka flotation i ka ʻoihana kemika no ka wehe ʻana i ka inika o ka pepa hana hou a me ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka fiber mai ka wai pulp; ka unuhi ʻana o ka ʻaila maka kaumaha mai ke one ore o ka muliwai, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea haumia paʻa liʻiliʻi, nā colloids, nā bacteria, a me ka wehe ʻana i nā mea haumia metala mai ka wai ʻino he mau noi maʻamau i ka ʻenekinia kaiapuni.

Me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o nā kaʻina hana a me nā ʻano hana flotation, a me ka puka ʻana mai o nā reagents a me nā lako flotation hou a kūpono hoʻi, e hoʻohana nui ʻia ka flotation ma nā ʻoihana a me nā kahua. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i nā kaʻina hana flotation, e hoʻonui nā reagents i ke kumukūʻai hana (hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hoʻokaʻawale magnetic a me ka hoʻokaʻawale umekaumaha); ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka nui o nā ʻāpana i koi ʻia no ka beneficiation; nui nā mea e hoʻopilikia ana i ke kaʻina hana flotation, me nā koi ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe; a ʻo ka wai hoʻoneoneo e loaʻa ana nā reagents koena he mea ʻino ia i ke kaiapuni.

3. ʻIke o ka noiʻi lana ʻana

ʻO ke kaʻina hana flotation e pili ana i nā minelala paʻa a me nā mea hoʻokaʻawale (wai, kinoea). ʻO nā ʻike nui o ka noiʻi e pili ana i nā kumumanaʻo kumu o ka flotation, nā reagents flotation, nā mīkini flotation, nā kaʻina hana flotation, a pēlā aku.

ʻO ke kumumanaʻo kumu o ka flotation e pili ana i ka floatingability o nā minelala, nā waiwai o nā interfaces hoʻokaʻawale, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ke aʻo ʻana i nā waiwai o nā interfaces phase, ka pilina ma waena o nā phases, ke ʻano mineralization o nā pehu, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe; ʻo ka noiʻi ʻana i nā reagents flotation e pili ana i nā ʻano, nā hale, nā waiwai, nā ʻano hana, nā ʻano hoʻomākaukau a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā reagents; ʻo ka noiʻi ʻana i nā mīkini flotation e pili ana i ka hale, ke kumu hana a me nā manawa noi o nā mīkini flotation; ʻo ka noiʻi ʻana i nā kaʻina hana flotation e pili ana i ke ʻano hana, ka mana a me ka kaohi ʻana o nā mea hana, a me ka ʻōnaehana reagent; eia kekahi, aia ka noiʻi ʻana i ka hoʻohana pono ʻana o nā ores like ʻole.

ʻO ka ʻōnaehana kumumanaʻo o ka noiʻi flotation e pili ana i nā aʻo e like me ke kaʻina hana mineralogy, ke kemika organik, ke kemika inorganic, ke kemika kino (ke kemika interface, ke kemika colloid), mechanics fluid, ka ʻenekinia mechanical, ka ʻike ʻakomi, a me ka loiloi loea a me ka hoʻokele waiwai.