1. Nā Surfactants no ka lepo paʻa
ʻElua ʻano o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka lepo: ka pale ʻana i ka pehu ʻana o nā minelala lepo a me ka pale ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana o nā ʻāpana minelala lepo. No ka pale ʻana i ka pehu ʻana o ka lepo, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā surfactants cationic e like me ke ʻano paʻakai amine, ke ʻano paʻakai ammonium quaternary, ke ʻano paʻakai pyridinium, a me ke ʻano paʻakai imidazoline. No ka pale ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana o nā ʻāpana minelala lepo, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā surfactants nonionic-cationic i loaʻa ka fluorine.
2. Nā Surfactants no nā ana acidizing
No ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hopena acidizing, pono maʻamau e hoʻohui i nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole i ka hopena waikawa. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kekahi surfactant e kūlike me ka hopena waikawa a maʻalahi ke hoʻopili ʻia e ka hoʻokumu ʻana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopaneʻe acidizing. ʻO nā laʻana e komo pū me nā hydrochloride amine momona, nā paʻakai ammonium quaternary, a me nā paʻakai pyridinium i waena o nā surfactants cationic, a me nā polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers sulfonated, carboxymethylated, phosphate-esterified, a i ʻole sulfate-esterified i waena o nā surfactants amphoteric. ʻO kekahi mau surfactants, e like me ka dodecyl sulfonic acid a me kāna mau paʻakai alkylamine, hiki ke emulsify i ka hopena waikawa i loko o ka ʻaila e hana i kahi emulsion acid-in-oil, kahi, i ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia ai ma ke ʻano he wai hana acidizing, he hana hoʻopaneʻe pū kekahi.
Hiki i kekahi mau surfactants ke hana ma ke ʻano he demulsifiers no nā wai acidizing. ʻO nā Surfactants me kahi ʻano branched, e like me ka polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene propylene glycol ether a me ka polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene pentaethylenehexamine, hiki iā lākou āpau ke lawelawe ma ke ʻano he acidizing demulsifiers.
Hiki i kekahi mau surfactants ke hana ma ke ʻano he mau mea hoʻohui hoʻomaʻemaʻe waikawa i hoʻohana ʻia. ʻO nā surfactants i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau mea hoʻohui hoʻomaʻemaʻe e komo pū me nā ʻano paʻakai amine, nā ʻano paʻakai ammonium quaternary, nā ʻano paʻakai pyridinium, nā ʻano non-ionic, nā ʻano amphoteric, a me nā surfactants fluorinated.
Hiki i kekahi mau surfactants ke hana ma ke ʻano he mau mea hoʻopale sludge acidizing, e like me nā surfactants hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka ʻaila e like me nā alkyl phenols, nā waikawa momona, nā alkyl benzene sulfonic acids, a me nā paʻakai ammonium quaternary. ʻOiai ʻaʻole maikaʻi ko lākou solubility acid, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā surfactants non-ionic e hoʻopuehu iā lākou i loko o ka hopena waikawa.
No ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hopena acidizing, pono e hoʻohui i kahi mea hoʻohuli wettability i ka hopena waikawa e hoʻohuli i ka wettability o ka wahi kokoke i ka luawai mai ka ʻaila-pulu a i ka wai-pulu. Hoʻopili ʻia nā hui ʻana e like me ka polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene alkyl alcohol ether a me ka phosphate-esterified polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene alkyl alcohol ether e ke ʻano he papa adsorption mua, no laila e hoʻokō ai i ka hopena hoʻohuli wettability.
Eia kekahi, aia kekahi mau surfactants, e like me ka amine hydrochloride momona, nā paʻakai ammonium quaternary, a i ʻole nā surfactants non-ionic-anionic, i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau mea hoʻohua e hoʻomākaukau i nā wai hana waikawa foam, e hoʻokō ana i nā kumu o ka hoʻomaha ʻana, ka pale ʻana i ka palaho, a me ka acidizing hohonu. Ma kahi ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia kēlā mau hua ma ke ʻano he pre-pads no ka acidizing, i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka hoʻokumu ʻana ma mua o ka hopena waikawa. Hiki i ka hopena Jamin i hana ʻia e nā pehu i loko o ka huʻa ke hoʻohuli i ka hopena waikawa, e koi ana i ka waikawa e hoʻoheheʻe nui i nā papa permeability haʻahaʻa a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hopena acidizing.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Ian-06-2026