ʻO ke ʻano o nā surfactants cationic he ʻokoʻa ia me nā surfactants anionic, no laila ua kapa pinepine ʻia nā surfactants cationic he "kopa inverse". Ma ke ʻano o ko lākou ʻano kemika, loaʻa iā lākou ma ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi hui hydrophobic kaulahao lōʻihi a me hoʻokahi hui hydrophilic i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia. Loaʻa pinepine nā hui hydrophobic kaulahao lōʻihi mai nā waikawa momona a i ʻole nā kemika petroleum, no laila he mea nui nā amines momona no nā surfactants cationic. He palena ka detergent o nā surfactants cationic, akā ʻo ko lākou mau waiwai antibacterial a me ka makemake no ka adsorption ma nā ʻili paʻakikī he mea koʻikoʻi loa. I nā mea hoʻonani, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou e like me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe lauoho, fungicides, bacteriostats, softeners, a me nā mea hoʻohui anti-caries, a pēlā aku.
1. Paʻakai amine momona
ʻO nā amine momona he mau kumu organik. ʻAʻohe o lākou hoʻouka ʻia i loko o nā hopena kūlike ʻole, nele i ka hana ʻili cationic i kēia manawa, a he lipophilic ke ʻoi aku ka pH ma mua o 7. ʻO nā paʻakai amine tertiary i loaʻa ma o ka neutralization me nā waikawa inorganic a i ʻole organik he lawa ka solubility a ua ʻike piha ʻia he mau surfactants cationic maikaʻi. ʻOi aku ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia o nā paʻakai organik i ka wai ma mua o nā paʻakai inorganic. ʻAʻole hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou i nā ʻano detergent a me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe.
He mea koʻikoʻi loa nā cation paʻakai ammonium non-quaternary i ka pH, nā ion multivalent, a me nā electrolytes. ʻO nā amine Ethoxylated, i hana ʻia e ka ethoxylation o nā amine momona, he mau surfactants i hiki ke kūlike me nā surfactants cationic ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pH a loaʻa ka detergent maikaʻi. Ke hoʻopau ʻia nā amine momona me ka waikawa salicylic a i ʻoleα-chlorobenzoic acid, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia kā lākou hana antifungal. ʻO nā hui ammonium quaternary i waena o nā amine momona ke ʻano o nā surfactants cationic i hoʻohana nui ʻia.
Loaʻa i nā paʻakai ammonium Quaternary ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i nā media acidic a alkaline paha (ma lalo o 100°C). Pili ka solubility o nā paʻakai ammonium quaternary i ka lōʻihi o ke kaulahao alkyl; ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kaulahao, ʻo ka haʻahaʻa o ka solubility i ka wai. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi ʻia nā paʻakai ammonium quaternary C16-C18 monoalkyl trimethyl i ka wai, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā solvents polar, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā solvents non-polar. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā paʻakai ammonium quaternary dialkyl dimethyl i nā solvents non-polar a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai.
ʻO nā hana kūikawā o nā paʻakai ammonium quaternary e waiho ana i kā lākou adsorption ma nā ʻili i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole ʻia a me kā lākou hopena bactericidal a me disinfectant. He mea nui loa ia e hoʻomaopopo i ka hui pū ʻana me nā surfactants anionic, oxides, peroxides, silicates, silver nitrate, sodium citrate, sodium tartrate, borax, kaolin, proteins, a me kekahi mau polymers e hōʻemi paha i ko lākou mana bactericidal a i ʻole ke kumu o ka turbidity.
ʻO ka solubility o nā paʻakai alkyl quaternary ammonium e pili ana i nā hui hydrophilic; ʻo ka nui o nā hui hydrophilic, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka solubility wai. ʻO kahi hapa nui 5% o ka isopropanol a i ʻole kahi hopena wai hapa nui 10% he pH o 6-9. Loaʻa iā lākou ke kūpaʻa kemika maikaʻi, ke kū'ē i ka mālamalama, ka wela, nā waikawa ikaika, a me nā alkalis ikaika, a loaʻa iā lākou ka permeability, nā waiwai antistatic, nā hopena bactericidal (me C12-C16 ka mea kūpono loa), a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion maikaʻi loa. Loaʻa i nā paʻakai alkyl dimethyl quaternary ammonium ʻelua mau hui alkyl kaulahao lōʻihi e like me nā hui hydrophobic, e hōʻike ana i ka palupalu maikaʻi, nā waiwai antistatic, kekahi hiki ke bactericidal, a me nā hopena wetting a me emulsifying maikaʻi. ʻAʻole lākou i hoʻonāukiuki ma mua o nā paʻakai alkyl trimethyl quaternary ammonium, hōʻike i nā waiwai cationic ma lalo o nā waikawa nāwaliwali, a hana i nā hui non-ionic ma lalo o nā kūlana neutral a me alkaline.
2. Paʻakai Alkyl imidazoline
ʻO Alkyl imidazoline kahi huahana i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hopena o nā waikawa momona a me nā ethylenediamines i pani ʻia. ʻO ka amide ethylamine i hana ʻia e ka hoʻomehana ʻana (maʻamau ma 220 ~ 240℃) ua hoʻololi ʻia i alkyl imidazoline.
ʻO Alkyl imidazoline kahi amine tertiary monocyclic organik a he kumu ikaika waena. He surfactant cationic maʻamau ia e hiki ke hoʻopili paʻa ʻia ma nā ʻili i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole ʻia, e like me ka lauoho, ka ʻili, nā niho, ke aniani, ka pepa, nā olonā, nā metala, a me nā mea i loaʻa ka silicon. ʻO nā paʻakai i hana ʻia me nā waikawa wai-soluble e hana i nā gels ma nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā acetates, nicotinates, phosphates, a me nā sulfates he wai-soluble, ʻoiai ʻo kā lākou mau paʻakai momona kaulahao lōʻihi he aila-soluble. Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa mālama maikaʻi ma lalo o nā kūlana pale makū, akā hiki i nā kristal ke precipitate ma hope o ka mālama lōʻihi a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana i nā wahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a hiki iā ia ke hoʻi i kahi kūlana like ke hoʻomehana ʻia a hoʻoulu ʻia. ʻO ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka wai a i ʻole ka makū e hoʻoulu mālie i ka hydrolysis, e hoʻololi ana i kāna mau hana. Hoʻomehana lōʻihi, ʻoiai ke piʻi ka mahana i 165℃, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopilikia i kona kūpaʻa, akā e loli ke kala. He mea kūpono ke hoʻomaopopo ʻana ʻoiai he kumu ikaika waena ka alkyl imidazoline, he mea hoʻonāukiuki loa ia i ka ʻili a me nā maka, ʻoiai ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka huhū o nā paʻakai alkyl imidazoline.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Pepeluali-25-2026