ʻO ka hana detergent o nā surfactants kahi waiwai nui e hāʻawi i nā surfactants i kā lākou pono kūpono nui loa. Pili ia i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā o nā tausani o nā hale. Eia kekahi, ke hoʻohana nui ʻia nei ia ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole a me nā ʻano hana ʻoihana āpau.
ʻO nā Surfactants nā mea hana nui i nā detergents; me ka ʻole o nā surfactants, ʻaʻohe detergents synthetic. Ma waena o nā ʻano SAA āpau, ʻo nā surfactants anionic ka ʻano surfactants mua loa i hoʻohana ʻia a hoʻohana nui ʻia, me ke koi o kēia manawa ma mua o 50%. E hoʻomau nā surfactants anionic i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi no kekahi manawa i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
1 Nā mea hoʻoheheʻe anionic
ʻO nā ʻano surfactants anionic i hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā detergents e komo pū me nā paʻakai momona momona (nā kopa), alkylbenzene sulfonates (ABS), nā sulfates waiʻona momona (AS), nā polyoxyethylene sulfates waiʻona momona (AES),αʻO nā sulfates -olefin (AOS), ka waiʻona momona polyoxyethylene carboxylates (AEC), a me ka momona methyl ester sulfonates (MES), a pēlā aku.
1.1 Kopa
ʻO ka ʻāpana hana o ka ʻili o nā molekala kopa e lawe ana i kahi uku maikaʻi ʻole, ma waena o ia mau mea he 25% ka nui o ka sodium a me ka potassium fatty acid chain carbon long. Loaʻa i kēia kopa i hoʻohana nui ʻia nā pono o nā mea maka he nui, ka hoʻomākaukau maʻalahi, a me ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa. Ma ke ʻano ʻoihana, hana pinepine ʻia ia mai nā momona e like me ka tallow pipi a me ka tallow hipa ma o ka saponification me ka alkali ikaika, a ukali ʻia e ka paʻakai ʻana a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka glycerol. ʻO kona hemahema nui loa, ʻo ia ka wā e hālāwai ai me nā ion metala divalent a me trivalent e like me Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Fe²⁺, etc., i loko o ka hopena wai, e hana ia i ke kopa calcium a i ʻole ke kopa magnesium me ka solubility haʻahaʻa loa, a laila e nalowale ana nā waiwai hoʻomaʻemaʻe kūpono o ke kopa.
1.2ʻAlkylbenzene sulfonate (ABS)
ʻO Sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate (R-C6H6-SO3Na) kahi surfactant anionic koʻikoʻi loa. Loaʻa iā ia ka solubility maikaʻi i ka wai a kokoke i ka ionized loa. Loaʻa i kona paʻakai calcium a me ka magnesium kahi solubility kiʻekiʻe i ka wai, no laila he kūpaʻa wai paʻakikī maikaʻi. Ma waena o nā alkylbenzenesulfonates, ʻo ka linear alkylbenzene (LAS) he haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai, he detergent ikaika, maʻalahi ka biodegradable, a he aloha i ke kaiapuni. No laila, a hiki i kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe surfactant ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hana detergent hiki ke hoʻokūkū me LAS ma ke ʻano o ka hana loea a me nā pono waiwai. Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia e ka ʻoihana detergent synthetic honua ma ke ʻano he ikaika nui o nā detergents synthetic. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he detergent ʻoihana a me ka home. Nā huahana ʻelele: He hopena holoi maikaʻi loa ka Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, a ʻo ka sodium octadecylbenzenesulfonate ka detergent ikaika loa i waena o ka moʻo sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate.
1.3α-Olefin Sulfonate (AOS)
He mea hana maikaʻi loa ka AOS no ka holoi lima. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe lima, nā shampoos, nā ʻauʻau pehu, nā mea holoi kīʻaha, nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻoihana, a me nā mea holoi lole.
1.4ʻO ka Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES)
He hui alkyl ʻo R, a he hui methyl ʻo R'. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka holoi ʻana ke ʻo R ʻo C16 a me C18, a ʻo ke kūpaʻa wai paʻakikī ka mea maikaʻi loa ke ʻo R ʻo C14. He surfactant ʻo MES i hana ʻia mai nā aila a me nā momona kūlohelohe, me ka hana holoi maikaʻi a me ka mana hoʻopuehu kopa-calcium ikaika. Loaʻa iā ia ka hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi loa me ka zeolite a kūpono no ka hana ʻana i ka mea holoi lole ʻaʻohe phosphate. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kona mana hoʻopuehu kopa calcium ma mua o ko LAS, no laila he mea pono ia no ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke kopa hui a me ka mea holoi lole i hoʻokumu ʻia i ke kopa.
1.5ʻO ka Motty Alcohol Sulfate (AS) a me ka Motty Alcohol Ether Sulfate (AES)
ʻO AS ke ʻano maʻamau o ROSO3Na, kahi ʻo R ʻo C14~C16, a he maikaʻi kona detergent; ʻO AES ke ʻano maʻamau o RO(C2H4O)nSO3Na, kahi ʻo R ʻo C14~C15 a me n=1—2, a he maikaʻi nō hoʻi kona detergent. Loaʻa iā AS a me AES ka biodegradability maikaʻi, ka detergent ikaika, a me nā waiwai huʻa maikaʻi. He kūpono lākou no ka hana ʻana i nā detergents huʻa kiʻekiʻe. He kūpono lākou no nā detergents maʻalahi ke mālama a i ʻole nā detergents huluhulu a hoʻohana nui ʻia i loko o nā ʻauʻau pehu, nā shampoos, nā mea hoʻonani, nā detergents holoi lima, nā detergents mea kanu, nā detergents hale, a pēlā aku.
2 Nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻole-ionic
Loaʻa i nā surfactants non-ionic ka detergent maikaʻi e kūʻē i nā lepo ʻaila a me ka hiki ke pale i ka hoʻohaumia hou ʻana o nā olonā synthetic. Loaʻa iā lākou ke kūpaʻa ikaika i ka wai paʻakikī a me nā kiʻekiʻe o nā electrolytes. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o nā polyoxyethylene non-ionic surfactants ka hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia o nā ʻāpana hydrophobic a me hydrophilic. Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka helu o EO e hoʻololi i nā substrates like ʻole, e hoʻokō ana i ka detergent maikaʻi loa.
2.1ʻEtera ka waiʻona alkyl polyoxyethylene
ʻO ke ʻano laulā: RO(C₂H₄O)ₙH, kahi R = C₁₂~C₁₈ a hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ʻo n. Loaʻa i kēia ʻano hui ka detergent kiʻekiʻe, kahi i hōʻike ʻia ma nā ʻano aʻe: kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka micelle koʻikoʻi (cmc), ʻo ia hoʻi he mana hoʻomaʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe kona i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, detergent ikaika, a me nā waiwai anti-lepo redeposition i ka holoi ʻana i nā olonā synthetic. Eia kekahi, he detergent haʻahaʻa maikaʻi kona. He ʻano keʻokeʻo a melemele paha ia i ka mahana o ka lumi. Ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai, loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai emulsifying, hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a me ka pulu. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i nā detergents home a me nā ʻoihana a me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe metala.
2.2ʻEtera polyoxyethylene alkylphenol
Ma ke ʻano hana, ʻo R ka mea nui o nā hui octyl, nonyl, a me dodecyl; hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ʻo n. Hōʻike ʻia lākou e ka hiki ke wehe i nā ʻōpala aila a me nā momona. ʻO nā huahana hōʻike e pili ana i ka moʻo OP, ka moʻo OPE, a me ka moʻo SOPE. ʻO kā lākou mau waiwai nui he kūpaʻa ikaika i nā waikawa, alkalis, a me ka wai paʻakikī, a hana lākou ma ke ʻano he detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers no ka hana metala, a me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻoihana.
2.3ʻAlkyl Polyglycoside (APG)
Ua mahalo ʻia ʻo Alkyl glycoside ma ke ʻano he ʻano hou o ka surfactant non-ionic papa honua.
Nā Pōmaikaʻi o APG: 1. Hana kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻili a me ka haʻahaʻa loa o ka ʻili; 2. ʻAʻohe kiko ao a kūpaʻa i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe; 3. Hana holoi maikaʻi loa, mana huʻa ikaika, nā waiwai hoʻomaʻū a me ka emulsifying, a me ke kūpaʻa hoʻopuehu; 4. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o kekahi ʻano surfactant e kū nei ma ke ʻano o ka ʻawaʻawa ʻole, ka huhū ʻili haʻahaʻa, a me ka biodegradability. (Nā Pōmaikaʻi a me nā ʻano koʻikoʻi).
No laila, makemake nui ʻia e nā ʻoihana he nui e like me ka ʻoihana holoi lole, ka ʻoihana hoʻonani, ka ʻoihana hana meaʻai, a me ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau. Eia kekahi, ma muli o kona ʻano o ka maʻalahi e holoi a me ka waiho ʻole ʻana i nā ʻōpala, kūpono loa ia no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano he mea holoi papaʻaina, mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻōmole, a pēlā aku.
Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo APG ma ke ʻano he mea holoi ma kahi o kēia mau ʻano:
ʻO nā mea holoi ʻauʻau a me ka lauoho: ʻO nā huahana i hana ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā APG he palupalu a ʻaʻole hoʻonāukiuki i ka ʻili, me ka huʻa momona a maikaʻi. Hiki iā lākou ke pāʻani i kahi hana antistatic ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka shampooing. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau huahana he wai, akā hiki ke hana ʻia i mau ʻāpana kopa. Nā mea holoi kīʻaha: ʻO nā mea holoi kīʻaha i hana ʻia mai APG he mau waiwai huʻa maikaʻi, he palupalu i ka ʻili, waiho i kahi manaʻo lima maikaʻi ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana, maʻalahi ke holoi, a ʻaʻohe koena e waiho.
ʻO ka mea holoi lole: Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo APG i nā mea holoi lole a he mea holoi maikaʻi loa ia. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā lole like ʻole (e like me ka pulupulu, ka hulu hipa, ka polyester, a pēlā aku). Hiki iā ia ke wehe pono i ka lepo a me nā ʻōpala aila. I ka manawa like, he mau waiwai palupalu, nā waiwai antistatic, a me nā waiwai anti-shrinking. A hiki ke hana ʻia i mau mea holoi lole e loaʻa mau ana ka detergent maikaʻi loa ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka wai paʻakikī.
Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻili paʻakikī: Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana no ka holoi ʻana i nā kīʻaha, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo APG no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā ʻano ʻili paʻakikī ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke hana ʻia nā mea holoi ma lalo o nā kūlana waikawa ikaika me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā APG ma ke ʻano he mea hana. Loaʻa i ka APG i loko ka hana o ka pale ʻana i nā metala ferrous mai ka oxidized a me ka corroded e nā waikawa.
3 ʻO ka mea hoʻoheheʻe Zwitterionic
Aia i loko o kona ʻano molekala nā uku maikaʻi a me nā uku maikaʻi ʻole. Ma muli o ke ʻano kūikawā o kona ʻano molekala, loaʻa iā ia nā ʻano i ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia ai: haʻahaʻa ka ʻawahia a haʻahaʻa ka huhū i ka ʻili a me nā maka; biodegradability maikaʻi a me ka launa pū ʻana; maikaʻi ka pulu ʻana, ka holoi ʻana, a me nā waiwai huʻa. Aia nā ʻano i ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia ai he mea holoi.
3.1ʻAno waikawa amino N-acyl
Hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he mea kumu no nā shampoos a me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Hiki iā lākou ke kū'ē i nā waikawa nāwaliwali a me ka wai paʻakikī. He haʻahaʻa kona huhū a me ka ʻawahia haʻahaʻa, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea hoʻonani. Loaʻa iā ia ka mana hoʻolaha kopa calcium ikaika, ka detergent, a me ka mana emulsifying. I ka ʻoihana lole, hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he detergent a me ka emulsifier, a kūpono no ka holoi ʻana i ka silika a me ka hulu hipa ma muli o kona mana degreasing haʻahaʻa.
3.2ʻAno Betaine
Loaʻa i nā surfactants zwitterionic ʻano Betaine ka detegency maikaʻi ma nā lole pulupulu a me nā lole i kāwili ʻia me ka polyester/pulupulu, ʻoiai ʻo hydroxyl sulfobetaine, nona nā pono hou aʻe i ke kaʻina holoi. No ka laʻana: ʻo ka dodecyl dimethyl betaine kahi wai aniani ʻole a melemele māmā paha. He cationic ia i loko o nā media acidic a me anionic i loko o nā media alkaline. He maʻalahi ka biodegradable. Loaʻa i kēia huahana nā waiwai huʻa maikaʻi loa, hiki ke hoʻomālielie i ka lauoho, a kūpono no ka hana ʻana i nā shampoos ʻaʻole hoʻonāukiuki me nā hopena hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka lauoho, nā shampoos pēpē, a pēlā aku. Ma muli o kona kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka wai paʻakikī, hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā detergents wai paʻakikī. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he fungicide.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Malaki-17-2026